License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 15:07:57 +01:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2008-10-22 22:26:29 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2007-10-11 11:20:03 +02:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2007-10-11 11:20:03 +02:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2011-05-02 14:18:53 +02:00
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2014-12-10 10:09:01 +08:00
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2011-05-02 14:18:53 +02:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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x86/dma: Fix max PFN arithmetic overflow on 32 bit systems
The intermediate result of the old term (4UL * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) is
4 294 967 296 or 0x100000000 which is no problem on 64 bit systems.
The patch does not change the later overall result of 0x100000 for
MAX_DMA32_PFN (after it has been shifted by PAGE_SHIFT). The new
calculation yields the same result, but does not require 64 bit
arithmetic.
On 32 bit systems the old calculation suffers from an arithmetic
overflow in that intermediate term in braces: 4UL aka unsigned long int
is 4 byte wide and an arithmetic overflow happens (the 0x100000000 does
not fit in 4 bytes), the in braces result is truncated to zero, the
following right shift does not alter that, so MAX_DMA32_PFN evaluates to
0 on 32 bit systems.
That wrong value is a problem in a comparision against MAX_DMA32_PFN in
the init code for swiotlb in pci_swiotlb_detect_4gb() to decide if
swiotlb should be active. That comparison yields the opposite result,
when compiling on 32 bit systems.
This was not possible before
1b7e03ef7570 ("x86, NUMA: Enable emulation on 32bit too")
when that MAX_DMA32_PFN was first made visible to x86_32 (and which
landed in v3.0).
In practice this wasn't a problem, unless CONFIG_SWIOTLB is active on
x86-32.
However if one has set CONFIG_IOMMU_INTEL, since
c5a5dc4cbbf4 ("iommu/vt-d: Don't switch off swiotlb if bounce page is used")
there's a dependency on CONFIG_SWIOTLB, which was not necessarily
active before. That landed in v5.4, where we noticed it in the fli4l
Linux distribution. We have CONFIG_IOMMU_INTEL active on both 32 and 64
bit kernel configs there (I could not find out why, so let's just say
historical reasons).
The effect is at boot time 64 MiB (default size) were allocated for
bounce buffers now, which is a noticeable amount of memory on small
systems like pcengines ALIX 2D3 with 256 MiB memory, which are still
frequently used as home routers.
We noticed this effect when migrating from kernel v4.19 (LTS) to v5.4
(LTS) in fli4l and got that kernel messages for example:
Linux version 5.4.22 (buildroot@buildroot) (gcc version 7.3.0 (Buildroot 2018.02.8)) #1 SMP Mon Nov 26 23:40:00 CET 2018
…
Memory: 183484K/261756K available (4594K kernel code, 393K rwdata, 1660K rodata, 536K init, 456K bss , 78272K reserved, 0K cma-reserved, 0K highmem)
…
PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering for IO (SWIOTLB)
software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x0bb78000-0x0fb78000] (64MB)
The initial analysis and the suggested fix was done by user 'sourcejedi'
at stackoverflow and explicitly marked as GPLv2 for inclusion in the
Linux kernel:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/520525/50007
The new calculation, which does not suffer from that overflow, is the
same as for arch/mips now as suggested by Robin Murphy.
The fix was tested by fli4l users on round about two dozen different
systems, including both 32 and 64 bit archs, bare metal and virtualized
machines.
[ bp: Massage commit message. ]
Fixes: 1b7e03ef7570 ("x86, NUMA: Enable emulation on 32bit too")
Reported-by: Alan Jenkins <alan.christopher.jenkins@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Dahl <post@lespocky.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/520065/50007
Link: https://web.nettworks.org/bugs/browse/FFL-2560
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200526175749.20742-1-post@lespocky.de
2020-05-26 19:57:49 +02:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2011-05-02 17:24:48 +02:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:59 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:59 -07:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2008-03-23 01:02:00 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:59 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:59 -07:00
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2008-01-30 13:30:20 +01:00
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2008-10-22 22:26:29 -07:00
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