2019-06-12 18:19:53 +02:00
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2025-06-30 09:03:11 -07:00
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2025-06-30 09:03:12 -07:00
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2026-03-18 23:17:12 -07:00
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2025-07-09 13:01:10 -07:00
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2025-06-30 10:22:23 -07:00
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2022-07-25 11:36:34 -07:00
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2022-07-25 11:36:35 -07:00
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2022-07-25 11:36:34 -07:00
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lib/crypto: aes: Introduce improved AES library
The kernel's AES library currently has the following issues:
- It doesn't take advantage of the architecture-optimized AES code,
including the implementations using AES instructions.
- It's much slower than even the other software AES implementations: 2-4
times slower than "aes-generic", "aes-arm", and "aes-arm64".
- It requires that both the encryption and decryption round keys be
computed and cached. This is wasteful for users that need only the
forward (encryption) direction of the cipher: the key struct is 484
bytes when only 244 are actually needed. This missed optimization is
very common, as many AES modes (e.g. GCM, CFB, CTR, CMAC, and even the
tweak key in XTS) use the cipher only in the forward (encryption)
direction even when doing decryption.
- It doesn't provide the flexibility to customize the prepared key
format. The API is defined to do key expansion, and several callers
in drivers/crypto/ use it specifically to expand the key. This is an
issue when integrating the existing powerpc, s390, and sparc code,
which is necessary to provide full parity with the traditional API.
To resolve these issues, I'm proposing the following changes:
1. New structs 'aes_key' and 'aes_enckey' are introduced, with
corresponding functions aes_preparekey() and aes_prepareenckey().
Generally these structs will include the encryption+decryption round
keys and the encryption round keys, respectively. However, the exact
format will be under control of the architecture-specific AES code.
(The verb "prepare" is chosen over "expand" since key expansion isn't
necessarily done. It's also consistent with hmac*_preparekey().)
2. aes_encrypt() and aes_decrypt() will be changed to operate on the new
structs instead of struct crypto_aes_ctx.
3. aes_encrypt() and aes_decrypt() will use architecture-optimized code
when available, or else fall back to a new generic AES implementation
that unifies the existing two fragmented generic AES implementations.
The new generic AES implementation uses tables for both SubBytes and
MixColumns, making it almost as fast as "aes-generic". However,
instead of aes-generic's huge 8192-byte tables per direction, it uses
only 1024 bytes for encryption and 1280 bytes for decryption (similar
to "aes-arm"). The cost is just some extra rotations.
The new generic AES implementation also includes table prefetching,
making it have some "constant-time hardening". That's an improvement
from aes-generic which has no constant-time hardening.
It does slightly regress in constant-time hardening vs. the old
lib/crypto/aes.c which had smaller tables, and from aes-fixed-time
which disabled IRQs on top of that. But I think this is tolerable.
The real solutions for constant-time AES are AES instructions or
bit-slicing. The table-based code remains a best-effort fallback for
the increasingly-rare case where a real solution is unavailable.
4. crypto_aes_ctx and aes_expandkey() will remain for now, but only for
callers that are using them specifically for the AES key expansion
(as opposed to en/decrypting data with the AES library).
This commit begins the migration process by introducing the new structs
and functions, backed by the new generic AES implementation.
To allow callers to be incrementally converted, aes_encrypt() and
aes_decrypt() are temporarily changed into macros that use a _Generic
expression to call either the old functions (which take crypto_aes_ctx)
or the new functions (which take the new types). Once all callers have
been updated, these macros will go away, the old functions will be
removed, and the "_new" suffix will be dropped from the new functions.
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260112192035.10427-3-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2026-01-12 11:20:00 -08:00
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2026-01-12 11:20:08 -08:00
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2026-03-14 10:50:49 -07:00
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2026-01-12 11:20:09 -08:00
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2026-01-12 11:20:10 -08:00
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2026-01-12 11:20:11 -08:00
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2026-03-18 23:17:12 -07:00
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2026-01-12 11:20:11 -08:00
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2026-01-12 11:20:10 -08:00
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2026-01-12 11:20:12 -08:00
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2026-01-12 11:20:14 -08:00
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lib/crypto: x86/aes: Add AES-NI optimization
Optimize the AES library with x86 AES-NI instructions.
The relevant existing assembly functions, aesni_set_key(), aesni_enc(),
and aesni_dec(), are a bit difficult to extract into the library:
- They're coupled to the code for the AES modes.
- They operate on struct crypto_aes_ctx. The AES library now uses
different structs.
- They assume the key is 16-byte aligned. The AES library only
*prefers* 16-byte alignment; it doesn't require it.
Moreover, they're not all that great in the first place:
- They use unrolled loops, which isn't a great choice on x86.
- They use the 'aeskeygenassist' instruction, which is unnecessary, is
slow on Intel CPUs, and forces the loop to be unrolled.
- They have special code for AES-192 key expansion, despite that being
kind of useless. AES-128 and AES-256 are the ones used in practice.
These are small functions anyway.
Therefore, I opted to just write replacements of these functions for the
library. They address all the above issues.
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260112192035.10427-18-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2026-01-12 11:20:15 -08:00
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lib/crypto: aes: Introduce improved AES library
The kernel's AES library currently has the following issues:
- It doesn't take advantage of the architecture-optimized AES code,
including the implementations using AES instructions.
- It's much slower than even the other software AES implementations: 2-4
times slower than "aes-generic", "aes-arm", and "aes-arm64".
- It requires that both the encryption and decryption round keys be
computed and cached. This is wasteful for users that need only the
forward (encryption) direction of the cipher: the key struct is 484
bytes when only 244 are actually needed. This missed optimization is
very common, as many AES modes (e.g. GCM, CFB, CTR, CMAC, and even the
tweak key in XTS) use the cipher only in the forward (encryption)
direction even when doing decryption.
- It doesn't provide the flexibility to customize the prepared key
format. The API is defined to do key expansion, and several callers
in drivers/crypto/ use it specifically to expand the key. This is an
issue when integrating the existing powerpc, s390, and sparc code,
which is necessary to provide full parity with the traditional API.
To resolve these issues, I'm proposing the following changes:
1. New structs 'aes_key' and 'aes_enckey' are introduced, with
corresponding functions aes_preparekey() and aes_prepareenckey().
Generally these structs will include the encryption+decryption round
keys and the encryption round keys, respectively. However, the exact
format will be under control of the architecture-specific AES code.
(The verb "prepare" is chosen over "expand" since key expansion isn't
necessarily done. It's also consistent with hmac*_preparekey().)
2. aes_encrypt() and aes_decrypt() will be changed to operate on the new
structs instead of struct crypto_aes_ctx.
3. aes_encrypt() and aes_decrypt() will use architecture-optimized code
when available, or else fall back to a new generic AES implementation
that unifies the existing two fragmented generic AES implementations.
The new generic AES implementation uses tables for both SubBytes and
MixColumns, making it almost as fast as "aes-generic". However,
instead of aes-generic's huge 8192-byte tables per direction, it uses
only 1024 bytes for encryption and 1280 bytes for decryption (similar
to "aes-arm"). The cost is just some extra rotations.
The new generic AES implementation also includes table prefetching,
making it have some "constant-time hardening". That's an improvement
from aes-generic which has no constant-time hardening.
It does slightly regress in constant-time hardening vs. the old
lib/crypto/aes.c which had smaller tables, and from aes-fixed-time
which disabled IRQs on top of that. But I think this is tolerable.
The real solutions for constant-time AES are AES instructions or
bit-slicing. The table-based code remains a best-effort fallback for
the increasingly-rare case where a real solution is unavailable.
4. crypto_aes_ctx and aes_expandkey() will remain for now, but only for
callers that are using them specifically for the AES key expansion
(as opposed to en/decrypting data with the AES library).
This commit begins the migration process by introducing the new structs
and functions, backed by the new generic AES implementation.
To allow callers to be incrementally converted, aes_encrypt() and
aes_decrypt() are temporarily changed into macros that use a _Generic
expression to call either the old functions (which take crypto_aes_ctx)
or the new functions (which take the new types). Once all callers have
been updated, these macros will go away, the old functions will be
removed, and the "_new" suffix will be dropped from the new functions.
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260112192035.10427-3-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2026-01-12 11:20:00 -08:00
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2026-03-16 21:49:25 -07:00
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lib/crypto: aes: Introduce improved AES library
The kernel's AES library currently has the following issues:
- It doesn't take advantage of the architecture-optimized AES code,
including the implementations using AES instructions.
- It's much slower than even the other software AES implementations: 2-4
times slower than "aes-generic", "aes-arm", and "aes-arm64".
- It requires that both the encryption and decryption round keys be
computed and cached. This is wasteful for users that need only the
forward (encryption) direction of the cipher: the key struct is 484
bytes when only 244 are actually needed. This missed optimization is
very common, as many AES modes (e.g. GCM, CFB, CTR, CMAC, and even the
tweak key in XTS) use the cipher only in the forward (encryption)
direction even when doing decryption.
- It doesn't provide the flexibility to customize the prepared key
format. The API is defined to do key expansion, and several callers
in drivers/crypto/ use it specifically to expand the key. This is an
issue when integrating the existing powerpc, s390, and sparc code,
which is necessary to provide full parity with the traditional API.
To resolve these issues, I'm proposing the following changes:
1. New structs 'aes_key' and 'aes_enckey' are introduced, with
corresponding functions aes_preparekey() and aes_prepareenckey().
Generally these structs will include the encryption+decryption round
keys and the encryption round keys, respectively. However, the exact
format will be under control of the architecture-specific AES code.
(The verb "prepare" is chosen over "expand" since key expansion isn't
necessarily done. It's also consistent with hmac*_preparekey().)
2. aes_encrypt() and aes_decrypt() will be changed to operate on the new
structs instead of struct crypto_aes_ctx.
3. aes_encrypt() and aes_decrypt() will use architecture-optimized code
when available, or else fall back to a new generic AES implementation
that unifies the existing two fragmented generic AES implementations.
The new generic AES implementation uses tables for both SubBytes and
MixColumns, making it almost as fast as "aes-generic". However,
instead of aes-generic's huge 8192-byte tables per direction, it uses
only 1024 bytes for encryption and 1280 bytes for decryption (similar
to "aes-arm"). The cost is just some extra rotations.
The new generic AES implementation also includes table prefetching,
making it have some "constant-time hardening". That's an improvement
from aes-generic which has no constant-time hardening.
It does slightly regress in constant-time hardening vs. the old
lib/crypto/aes.c which had smaller tables, and from aes-fixed-time
which disabled IRQs on top of that. But I think this is tolerable.
The real solutions for constant-time AES are AES instructions or
bit-slicing. The table-based code remains a best-effort fallback for
the increasingly-rare case where a real solution is unavailable.
4. crypto_aes_ctx and aes_expandkey() will remain for now, but only for
callers that are using them specifically for the AES key expansion
(as opposed to en/decrypting data with the AES library).
This commit begins the migration process by introducing the new structs
and functions, backed by the new generic AES implementation.
To allow callers to be incrementally converted, aes_encrypt() and
aes_decrypt() are temporarily changed into macros that use a _Generic
expression to call either the old functions (which take crypto_aes_ctx)
or the new functions (which take the new types). Once all callers have
been updated, these macros will go away, the old functions will be
removed, and the "_new" suffix will be dropped from the new functions.
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260112192035.10427-3-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2026-01-12 11:20:00 -08:00
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2019-07-02 21:41:22 +02:00
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2024-04-29 16:27:58 -04:00
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crypto: lib/aesgcm - Provide minimal library implementation
Implement a minimal library version of AES-GCM based on the existing
library implementations of AES and multiplication in GF(2^128). Using
these primitives, GCM can be implemented in a straight-forward manner.
GCM has a couple of sharp edges, i.e., the amount of input data
processed with the same initialization vector (IV) should be capped to
protect the counter from 32-bit rollover (or carry), and the size of the
authentication tag should be fixed for a given key. [0]
The former concern is addressed trivially, given that the function call
API uses 32-bit signed types for the input lengths. It is still up to
the caller to avoid IV reuse in general, but this is not something we
can police at the implementation level.
As for the latter concern, let's make the authentication tag size part
of the key schedule, and only permit it to be configured as part of the
key expansion routine.
Note that table based AES implementations are susceptible to known
plaintext timing attacks on the encryption key. The AES library already
attempts to mitigate this to some extent, but given that the counter
mode encryption used by GCM operates exclusively on known plaintext by
construction (the IV and therefore the initial counter value are known
to an attacker), let's take some extra care to mitigate this, by calling
the AES library with interrupts disabled.
[0] https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/legacy/sp/nistspecialpublication800-38d.pdf
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/c6fb9b25-a4b6-2e4a-2dd1-63adda055a49@amd.com/
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Nikunj A Dadhania <nikunj@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2022-11-03 20:22:59 +01:00
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2019-11-08 13:22:07 +01:00
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2019-08-15 12:01:09 +03:00
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2022-11-03 20:22:57 +01:00
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2025-08-27 08:11:30 -07:00
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2025-10-17 21:31:02 -07:00
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2025-10-17 21:31:03 -07:00
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2025-10-17 21:31:02 -07:00
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2021-12-22 14:56:58 +01:00
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2025-08-27 08:11:30 -07:00
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2019-11-08 13:22:28 +01:00
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lib/crypto: chacha: Consolidate into single module
Consolidate the ChaCha code into a single module (excluding
chacha-block-generic.c which remains always built-in for random.c),
similar to various other algorithms:
- Each arch now provides a header file lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/chacha.h,
replacing lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/chacha*.c. The header defines
chacha_crypt_arch() and hchacha_block_arch(). It is included by
lib/crypto/chacha.c, and thus the code gets built into the single
libchacha module, with improved inlining in some cases.
- Whether arch-optimized ChaCha is buildable is now controlled centrally
by lib/crypto/Kconfig instead of by lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig.
The conditions for enabling it remain the same as before, and it
remains enabled by default.
- Any additional arch-specific translation units for the optimized
ChaCha code, such as assembly files, are now compiled by
lib/crypto/Makefile instead of lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.
This removes the last use for the Makefile and Kconfig files in the
arm64, mips, powerpc, riscv, and s390 subdirectories of lib/crypto/. So
also remove those files and the references to them.
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250827151131.27733-7-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2025-08-27 08:11:25 -07:00
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2019-11-08 13:22:39 +01:00
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2025-09-06 14:35:21 -07:00
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lib/crypto/curve25519-hacl64: Disable KASAN with clang-17 and older
After commit 6f110a5e4f99 ("Disable SLUB_TINY for build testing"), which
causes CONFIG_KASAN to be enabled in allmodconfig again, arm64
allmodconfig builds with clang-17 and older show an instance of
-Wframe-larger-than (which breaks the build with CONFIG_WERROR=y):
lib/crypto/curve25519-hacl64.c:757:6: error: stack frame size (2336) exceeds limit (2048) in 'curve25519_generic' [-Werror,-Wframe-larger-than]
757 | void curve25519_generic(u8 mypublic[CURVE25519_KEY_SIZE],
| ^
When KASAN is disabled, the stack usage is roughly quartered:
lib/crypto/curve25519-hacl64.c:757:6: error: stack frame size (608) exceeds limit (128) in 'curve25519_generic' [-Werror,-Wframe-larger-than]
757 | void curve25519_generic(u8 mypublic[CURVE25519_KEY_SIZE],
| ^
Using '-Rpass-analysis=stack-frame-layout' shows the following variables
and many, many 8-byte spills when KASAN is enabled:
Offset: [SP-144], Type: Variable, Align: 8, Size: 40
Offset: [SP-464], Type: Variable, Align: 8, Size: 320
Offset: [SP-784], Type: Variable, Align: 8, Size: 320
Offset: [SP-864], Type: Variable, Align: 32, Size: 80
Offset: [SP-896], Type: Variable, Align: 32, Size: 32
Offset: [SP-1016], Type: Variable, Align: 8, Size: 120
When KASAN is disabled, there are still spills but not at many and the
variables list is smaller:
Offset: [SP-192], Type: Variable, Align: 32, Size: 80
Offset: [SP-224], Type: Variable, Align: 32, Size: 32
Offset: [SP-344], Type: Variable, Align: 8, Size: 120
Disable KASAN for this file when using clang-17 or older to avoid
blowing out the stack, clearing up the warning.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Jason A. Donenfeld" <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250609-curve25519-hacl64-disable-kasan-clang-v1-1-08ea0ac5ccff@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
2025-06-09 15:45:20 -07:00
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2025-11-03 12:11:24 -07:00
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lib/crypto/curve25519-hacl64: Disable KASAN with clang-17 and older
After commit 6f110a5e4f99 ("Disable SLUB_TINY for build testing"), which
causes CONFIG_KASAN to be enabled in allmodconfig again, arm64
allmodconfig builds with clang-17 and older show an instance of
-Wframe-larger-than (which breaks the build with CONFIG_WERROR=y):
lib/crypto/curve25519-hacl64.c:757:6: error: stack frame size (2336) exceeds limit (2048) in 'curve25519_generic' [-Werror,-Wframe-larger-than]
757 | void curve25519_generic(u8 mypublic[CURVE25519_KEY_SIZE],
| ^
When KASAN is disabled, the stack usage is roughly quartered:
lib/crypto/curve25519-hacl64.c:757:6: error: stack frame size (608) exceeds limit (128) in 'curve25519_generic' [-Werror,-Wframe-larger-than]
757 | void curve25519_generic(u8 mypublic[CURVE25519_KEY_SIZE],
| ^
Using '-Rpass-analysis=stack-frame-layout' shows the following variables
and many, many 8-byte spills when KASAN is enabled:
Offset: [SP-144], Type: Variable, Align: 8, Size: 40
Offset: [SP-464], Type: Variable, Align: 8, Size: 320
Offset: [SP-784], Type: Variable, Align: 8, Size: 320
Offset: [SP-864], Type: Variable, Align: 32, Size: 80
Offset: [SP-896], Type: Variable, Align: 32, Size: 32
Offset: [SP-1016], Type: Variable, Align: 8, Size: 120
When KASAN is disabled, there are still spills but not at many and the
variables list is smaller:
Offset: [SP-192], Type: Variable, Align: 32, Size: 80
Offset: [SP-224], Type: Variable, Align: 32, Size: 32
Offset: [SP-344], Type: Variable, Align: 8, Size: 120
Disable KASAN for this file when using clang-17 or older to avoid
blowing out the stack, clearing up the warning.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Jason A. Donenfeld" <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250609-curve25519-hacl64-disable-kasan-clang-v1-1-08ea0ac5ccff@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
2025-06-09 15:45:20 -07:00
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2020-01-08 12:37:35 +08:00
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2025-09-06 14:35:21 -07:00
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2019-11-08 13:22:32 +01:00
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2019-11-08 13:22:07 +01:00
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2019-08-17 16:24:33 +02:00
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lib/crypto: md5: Add MD5 and HMAC-MD5 library functions
Add library functions for MD5, including HMAC support. The MD5
implementation is derived from crypto/md5.c. This closely mirrors the
corresponding SHA-1 and SHA-2 changes.
Like SHA-1 and SHA-2, support for architecture-optimized MD5
implementations is included. I originally proposed dropping those, but
unfortunately there is an AF_ALG user of the PowerPC MD5 code
(https://lore.kernel.org/r/c4191597-341d-4fd7-bc3d-13daf7666c41@csgroup.eu/),
and dropping that code would be viewed as a performance regression. We
don't add new software algorithm implementations purely for AF_ALG, as
escalating to kernel mode merely to do calculations that could be done
in userspace is inefficient and is completely the wrong design. But
since this one already existed, it gets grandfathered in for now. An
objection was also raised to dropping the SPARC64 MD5 code because it
utilizes the CPU's direct support for MD5, although it remains unclear
that anyone is using that. Regardless, we'll keep these around for now.
Note that while MD5 is a legacy algorithm that is vulnerable to
practical collision attacks, it still has various in-kernel users that
implement legacy protocols. Switching to a simple library API, which is
the way the code should have been organized originally, will greatly
simplify their code. For example:
MD5:
drivers/md/dm-crypt.c (for lmk IV generation)
fs/nfsd/nfs4recover.c
fs/ecryptfs/
fs/smb/client/
net/{ipv4,ipv6}/ (for TCP-MD5 signatures)
HMAC-MD5:
fs/smb/client/
fs/smb/server/
(Also net/sctp/ if it continues using HMAC-MD5 for cookie generation.
However, that use case has the flexibility to upgrade to a more modern
algorithm, which I'll be proposing instead.)
As usual, the "md5" and "hmac(md5)" crypto_shash algorithms will also be
reimplemented on top of these library functions. For "hmac(md5)" this
will provide a faster, more streamlined implementation.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250805222855.10362-2-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2025-08-05 15:28:49 -07:00
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lib/crypto: gf128hash: Rename polyval module to gf128hash
Currently, the standalone GHASH code is coupled with crypto_shash. This
has resulted in unnecessary complexity and overhead, as well as the code
being unavailable to library code such as the AES-GCM library. Like was
done with POLYVAL, it needs to find a new home in lib/crypto/.
GHASH and POLYVAL are closely related and can each be implemented in
terms of each other. Optimized code for one can be reused with the
other. But also since GHASH tends to be difficult to implement directly
due to its unnatural bit order, most modern GHASH implementations
(including the existing arm, arm64, powerpc, and x86 optimized GHASH
code, and the new generic GHASH code I'll be adding) actually
reinterpret the GHASH computation as an equivalent POLYVAL computation,
pre and post-processing the inputs and outputs to map to/from POLYVAL.
Given this close relationship, it makes sense to group the GHASH and
POLYVAL code together in the same module. This gives us a wide range of
options for implementing them, reusing code between the two and properly
utilizing whatever instructions each architecture provides.
Thus, GHASH support will be added to the library module that is
currently called "polyval". Rename it to an appropriate name:
"gf128hash". Rename files, options, functions, etc. where appropriate
to reflect the upcoming sharing with GHASH. (Note: polyval_kunit is not
renamed, as ghash_kunit will be added alongside it instead.)
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260319061723.1140720-2-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2026-03-18 23:17:02 -07:00
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2026-03-18 23:17:08 -07:00
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2026-03-18 23:17:10 -07:00
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2026-03-18 23:17:12 -07:00
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lib/crypto: gf128hash: Rename polyval module to gf128hash
Currently, the standalone GHASH code is coupled with crypto_shash. This
has resulted in unnecessary complexity and overhead, as well as the code
being unavailable to library code such as the AES-GCM library. Like was
done with POLYVAL, it needs to find a new home in lib/crypto/.
GHASH and POLYVAL are closely related and can each be implemented in
terms of each other. Optimized code for one can be reused with the
other. But also since GHASH tends to be difficult to implement directly
due to its unnatural bit order, most modern GHASH implementations
(including the existing arm, arm64, powerpc, and x86 optimized GHASH
code, and the new generic GHASH code I'll be adding) actually
reinterpret the GHASH computation as an equivalent POLYVAL computation,
pre and post-processing the inputs and outputs to map to/from POLYVAL.
Given this close relationship, it makes sense to group the GHASH and
POLYVAL code together in the same module. This gives us a wide range of
options for implementing them, reusing code between the two and properly
utilizing whatever instructions each architecture provides.
Thus, GHASH support will be added to the library module that is
currently called "polyval". Rename it to an appropriate name:
"gf128hash". Rename files, options, functions, etc. where appropriate
to reflect the upcoming sharing with GHASH. (Note: polyval_kunit is not
renamed, as ghash_kunit will be added alongside it instead.)
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260319061723.1140720-2-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2026-03-18 23:17:02 -07:00
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2026-03-18 23:17:13 -07:00
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2026-03-18 23:17:15 -07:00
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2026-03-18 23:17:12 -07:00
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lib/crypto: gf128hash: Rename polyval module to gf128hash
Currently, the standalone GHASH code is coupled with crypto_shash. This
has resulted in unnecessary complexity and overhead, as well as the code
being unavailable to library code such as the AES-GCM library. Like was
done with POLYVAL, it needs to find a new home in lib/crypto/.
GHASH and POLYVAL are closely related and can each be implemented in
terms of each other. Optimized code for one can be reused with the
other. But also since GHASH tends to be difficult to implement directly
due to its unnatural bit order, most modern GHASH implementations
(including the existing arm, arm64, powerpc, and x86 optimized GHASH
code, and the new generic GHASH code I'll be adding) actually
reinterpret the GHASH computation as an equivalent POLYVAL computation,
pre and post-processing the inputs and outputs to map to/from POLYVAL.
Given this close relationship, it makes sense to group the GHASH and
POLYVAL code together in the same module. This gives us a wide range of
options for implementing them, reusing code between the two and properly
utilizing whatever instructions each architecture provides.
Thus, GHASH support will be added to the library module that is
currently called "polyval". Rename it to an appropriate name:
"gf128hash". Rename files, options, functions, etc. where appropriate
to reflect the upcoming sharing with GHASH. (Note: polyval_kunit is not
renamed, as ghash_kunit will be added alongside it instead.)
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260319061723.1140720-2-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2026-03-18 23:17:02 -07:00
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lib/crypto: md5: Add MD5 and HMAC-MD5 library functions
Add library functions for MD5, including HMAC support. The MD5
implementation is derived from crypto/md5.c. This closely mirrors the
corresponding SHA-1 and SHA-2 changes.
Like SHA-1 and SHA-2, support for architecture-optimized MD5
implementations is included. I originally proposed dropping those, but
unfortunately there is an AF_ALG user of the PowerPC MD5 code
(https://lore.kernel.org/r/c4191597-341d-4fd7-bc3d-13daf7666c41@csgroup.eu/),
and dropping that code would be viewed as a performance regression. We
don't add new software algorithm implementations purely for AF_ALG, as
escalating to kernel mode merely to do calculations that could be done
in userspace is inefficient and is completely the wrong design. But
since this one already existed, it gets grandfathered in for now. An
objection was also raised to dropping the SPARC64 MD5 code because it
utilizes the CPU's direct support for MD5, although it remains unclear
that anyone is using that. Regardless, we'll keep these around for now.
Note that while MD5 is a legacy algorithm that is vulnerable to
practical collision attacks, it still has various in-kernel users that
implement legacy protocols. Switching to a simple library API, which is
the way the code should have been organized originally, will greatly
simplify their code. For example:
MD5:
drivers/md/dm-crypt.c (for lmk IV generation)
fs/nfsd/nfs4recover.c
fs/ecryptfs/
fs/smb/client/
net/{ipv4,ipv6}/ (for TCP-MD5 signatures)
HMAC-MD5:
fs/smb/client/
fs/smb/server/
(Also net/sctp/ if it continues using HMAC-MD5 for cookie generation.
However, that use case has the flexibility to upgrade to a more modern
algorithm, which I'll be proposing instead.)
As usual, the "md5" and "hmac(md5)" crypto_shash algorithms will also be
reimplemented on top of these library functions. For "hmac(md5)" this
will provide a faster, more streamlined implementation.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250805222855.10362-2-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2025-08-05 15:28:49 -07:00
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lib/crypto: Add ML-DSA verification support
Add support for verifying ML-DSA signatures.
ML-DSA (Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm) is specified
in FIPS 204 and is the standard version of Dilithium. Unlike RSA and
elliptic-curve cryptography, ML-DSA is believed to be secure even
against adversaries in possession of a large-scale quantum computer.
Compared to the earlier patch
(https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251117145606.2155773-3-dhowells@redhat.com/)
that was based on "leancrypto", this implementation:
- Is about 700 lines of source code instead of 4800.
- Generates about 4 KB of object code instead of 28 KB.
- Uses 9-13 KB of memory to verify a signature instead of 31-84 KB.
- Is at least about the same speed, with a microbenchmark showing 3-5%
improvements on one x86_64 CPU and -1% to 1% changes on another.
When memory is a bottleneck, it's likely much faster.
- Correctly implements the RejNTTPoly step of the algorithm.
The API just consists of a single function mldsa_verify(), supporting
pure ML-DSA with any standard parameter set (ML-DSA-44, ML-DSA-65, or
ML-DSA-87) as selected by an enum. That's all that's actually needed.
The following four potential features are unneeded and aren't included.
However, any that ever become needed could fairly easily be added later,
as they only affect how the message representative mu is calculated:
- Nonempty context strings
- Incremental message hashing
- HashML-DSA
- External mu
Signing support would, of course, be a larger and more complex addition.
However, the kernel doesn't, and shouldn't, need ML-DSA signing support.
Note that mldsa_verify() allocates memory, so it can sleep and can fail
with ENOMEM. Unfortunately we don't have much choice about that, since
ML-DSA needs a lot of memory. At least callers have to check for errors
anyway, since the signature could be invalid.
Note that verification doesn't require constant-time code, and in fact
some steps are inherently variable-time. I've used constant-time
patterns in some places anyway, but technically they're not needed.
Reviewed-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Tested-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251214181712.29132-2-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2025-12-14 10:17:11 -08:00
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2025-12-10 17:18:33 -08:00
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2025-12-10 17:18:35 -08:00
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2025-12-10 17:18:36 -08:00
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2025-12-10 17:18:37 -08:00
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2025-12-10 17:18:33 -08:00
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lib/crypto: poly1305: Consolidate into single module
Consolidate the Poly1305 code into a single module, similar to various
other algorithms (SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512, etc.):
- Each arch now provides a header file lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/poly1305.h,
replacing lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/poly1305*.c. The header defines
poly1305_block_init(), poly1305_blocks(), poly1305_emit(), and
optionally poly1305_mod_init_arch(). It is included by
lib/crypto/poly1305.c, and thus the code gets built into the single
libpoly1305 module, with improved inlining in some cases.
- Whether arch-optimized Poly1305 is buildable is now controlled
centrally by lib/crypto/Kconfig instead of by
lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig. The conditions for enabling it remain
the same as before, and it remains enabled by default. (The PPC64 one
remains unconditionally disabled due to 'depends on BROKEN'.)
- Any additional arch-specific translation units for the optimized
Poly1305 code, such as assembly files, are now compiled by
lib/crypto/Makefile instead of lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.
A special consideration is needed because the Adiantum code uses the
poly1305_core_*() functions directly. For now, just carry forward that
approach. This means retaining the CRYPTO_LIB_POLY1305_GENERIC kconfig
symbol, and keeping the poly1305_core_*() functions in separate
translation units. So it's not quite as streamlined I've done with the
other hash functions, but we still get a single libpoly1305 module.
Note: to see the diff from the arm, arm64, and x86 .c files to the new
.h files, view this commit with 'git show -M10'.
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250829152513.92459-3-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2025-08-29 08:25:12 -07:00
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2019-11-08 13:22:19 +01:00
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lib/crypto: poly1305: Consolidate into single module
Consolidate the Poly1305 code into a single module, similar to various
other algorithms (SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512, etc.):
- Each arch now provides a header file lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/poly1305.h,
replacing lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/poly1305*.c. The header defines
poly1305_block_init(), poly1305_blocks(), poly1305_emit(), and
optionally poly1305_mod_init_arch(). It is included by
lib/crypto/poly1305.c, and thus the code gets built into the single
libpoly1305 module, with improved inlining in some cases.
- Whether arch-optimized Poly1305 is buildable is now controlled
centrally by lib/crypto/Kconfig instead of by
lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig. The conditions for enabling it remain
the same as before, and it remains enabled by default. (The PPC64 one
remains unconditionally disabled due to 'depends on BROKEN'.)
- Any additional arch-specific translation units for the optimized
Poly1305 code, such as assembly files, are now compiled by
lib/crypto/Makefile instead of lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.
A special consideration is needed because the Adiantum code uses the
poly1305_core_*() functions directly. For now, just carry forward that
approach. This means retaining the CRYPTO_LIB_POLY1305_GENERIC kconfig
symbol, and keeping the poly1305_core_*() functions in separate
translation units. So it's not quite as streamlined I've done with the
other hash functions, but we still get a single libpoly1305 module.
Note: to see the diff from the arm, arm64, and x86 .c files to the new
.h files, view this commit with 'git show -M10'.
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250829152513.92459-3-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2025-08-29 08:25:12 -07:00
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2025-08-29 08:25:13 -07:00
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lib/crypto: poly1305: Consolidate into single module
Consolidate the Poly1305 code into a single module, similar to various
other algorithms (SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512, etc.):
- Each arch now provides a header file lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/poly1305.h,
replacing lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/poly1305*.c. The header defines
poly1305_block_init(), poly1305_blocks(), poly1305_emit(), and
optionally poly1305_mod_init_arch(). It is included by
lib/crypto/poly1305.c, and thus the code gets built into the single
libpoly1305 module, with improved inlining in some cases.
- Whether arch-optimized Poly1305 is buildable is now controlled
centrally by lib/crypto/Kconfig instead of by
lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig. The conditions for enabling it remain
the same as before, and it remains enabled by default. (The PPC64 one
remains unconditionally disabled due to 'depends on BROKEN'.)
- Any additional arch-specific translation units for the optimized
Poly1305 code, such as assembly files, are now compiled by
lib/crypto/Makefile instead of lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.
A special consideration is needed because the Adiantum code uses the
poly1305_core_*() functions directly. For now, just carry forward that
approach. This means retaining the CRYPTO_LIB_POLY1305_GENERIC kconfig
symbol, and keeping the poly1305_core_*() functions in separate
translation units. So it's not quite as streamlined I've done with the
other hash functions, but we still get a single libpoly1305 module.
Note: to see the diff from the arm, arm64, and x86 .c files to the new
.h files, view this commit with 'git show -M10'.
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250829152513.92459-3-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2025-08-29 08:25:12 -07:00
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2025-08-29 08:25:13 -07:00
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lib/crypto: poly1305: Consolidate into single module
Consolidate the Poly1305 code into a single module, similar to various
other algorithms (SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512, etc.):
- Each arch now provides a header file lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/poly1305.h,
replacing lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/poly1305*.c. The header defines
poly1305_block_init(), poly1305_blocks(), poly1305_emit(), and
optionally poly1305_mod_init_arch(). It is included by
lib/crypto/poly1305.c, and thus the code gets built into the single
libpoly1305 module, with improved inlining in some cases.
- Whether arch-optimized Poly1305 is buildable is now controlled
centrally by lib/crypto/Kconfig instead of by
lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/Kconfig. The conditions for enabling it remain
the same as before, and it remains enabled by default. (The PPC64 one
remains unconditionally disabled due to 'depends on BROKEN'.)
- Any additional arch-specific translation units for the optimized
Poly1305 code, such as assembly files, are now compiled by
lib/crypto/Makefile instead of lib/crypto/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.
A special consideration is needed because the Adiantum code uses the
poly1305_core_*() functions directly. For now, just carry forward that
approach. This means retaining the CRYPTO_LIB_POLY1305_GENERIC kconfig
symbol, and keeping the poly1305_core_*() functions in separate
translation units. So it's not quite as streamlined I've done with the
other hash functions, but we still get a single libpoly1305 module.
Note: to see the diff from the arm, arm64, and x86 .c files to the new
.h files, view this commit with 'git show -M10'.
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250829152513.92459-3-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
2025-08-29 08:25:12 -07:00
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2019-11-08 13:22:28 +01:00
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2023-08-04 17:24:34 +08:00
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2024-10-18 16:53:43 -07:00
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crypto: testmgr - reinstate kconfig control over full self-tests
Commit 698de822780f ("crypto: testmgr - make it easier to enable the
full set of tests") removed support for building kernels that run only
the "fast" set of crypto self-tests by default. This assumed that
nearly everyone actually wanted the full set of tests, *if* they had
already chosen to enable the tests at all.
Unfortunately, it turns out that both Debian and Fedora intentionally
have the crypto self-tests enabled in their production kernels. And for
production kernels we do need to keep the testing time down, which
implies just running the "fast" tests, not the full set of tests.
For Fedora, a reason for enabling the tests in production is that they
are being (mis)used to meet the FIPS 140-3 pre-operational testing
requirement.
However, the other reason for enabling the tests in production, which
applies to both distros, is that they provide some value in protecting
users from buggy drivers. Unfortunately, the crypto/ subsystem has many
buggy and untested drivers for off-CPU hardware accelerators on rare
platforms. These broken drivers get shipped to users, and there have
been multiple examples of the tests preventing these buggy drivers from
being used. So effectively, the tests are being relied on in production
kernels. I think this is kind of crazy (untested drivers should just
not be enabled at all), but that seems to be how things work currently.
Thus, reintroduce a kconfig option that controls the level of testing.
Call it CRYPTO_SELFTESTS_FULL instead of the original name
CRYPTO_MANAGER_EXTRA_TESTS, which was slightly misleading.
Moreover, given the "production kernel" use case, make CRYPTO_SELFTESTS
depend on EXPERT instead of DEBUG_KERNEL.
I also haven't reinstated all the #ifdefs in crypto/testmgr.c. Instead,
just rely on the compiler to optimize out unused code.
Fixes: 40b9969796bf ("crypto: testmgr - replace CRYPTO_MANAGER_DISABLE_TESTS with CRYPTO_SELFTESTS")
Fixes: 698de822780f ("crypto: testmgr - make it easier to enable the full set of tests")
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2025-06-12 10:47:09 -07:00
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2025-04-12 18:57:29 +08:00
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2025-08-14 02:51:57 -04:00
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