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infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
lib/debugobjects.c: add pr_fmt to logging Add ODEBUG: prefix to pr_fmt Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:06:04 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
headers: remove sched.h from interrupt.h After m68k's task_thread_info() doesn't refer to current, it's possible to remove sched.h from interrupt.h and not break m68k! Many thanks to Heiko Carstens for allowing this. Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
2009-10-07 17:09:06 +04:00
sched/headers: Prepare for new header dependencies before moving code to <linux/sched/task_stack.h> We are going to split <linux/sched/task_stack.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which will have to be picked up from other headers and a couple of .c files. Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/task_stack.h> file that just maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and bisectable. Include the new header in the files that are going to need it. Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-02-08 18:51:37 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies. percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is used as the basis of conversion. http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py The script does the followings. * Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used, gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h. * When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered - alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there doesn't seem to be any matching order. * If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the file. The conversion was done in the following steps. 1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400 files. 2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion, some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added inclusions to around 150 files. 3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits from #2 to make sure no file was left behind. 4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed. e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually. 5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as necessary. 6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h. 7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq). * x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config. * powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig * sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig * ia64 SMP allmodconfig * s390 SMP allmodconfig * alpha SMP allmodconfig * um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig 8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as a separate patch and serve as bisection point. Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step 6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch. If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of the specific arch. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
2010-03-24 17:04:11 +09:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Make kmemleak ignore debug objects The allocated debug objects are either on the free list or in the hashed bucket lists. So they won't get lost. However if both debug objects and kmemleak are enabled and kmemleak scanning is done while some of the debug objects are transitioning from one list to the others, false negative reporting of memory leaks may happen for those objects. For example, [38687.275678] kmemleak: 12 new suspected memory leaks (see /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak) unreferenced object 0xffff92e98aabeb68 (size 40): comm "ksmtuned", pid 4344, jiffies 4298403600 (age 906.430s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d0 bc db 92 e9 92 ff ff ................ 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 38 36 8a 61 e9 92 ff ff ........86.a.... backtrace: [<ffffffff8fa5378a>] kmemleak_alloc+0x4a/0xa0 [<ffffffff8f47c019>] kmem_cache_alloc+0xe9/0x320 [<ffffffff8f62ed96>] __debug_object_init+0x3e6/0x400 [<ffffffff8f62ef01>] debug_object_activate+0x131/0x210 [<ffffffff8f330d9f>] __call_rcu+0x3f/0x400 [<ffffffff8f33117d>] call_rcu_sched+0x1d/0x20 [<ffffffff8f4a183c>] put_object+0x2c/0x40 [<ffffffff8f4a188c>] __delete_object+0x3c/0x50 [<ffffffff8f4a18bd>] delete_object_full+0x1d/0x20 [<ffffffff8fa535c2>] kmemleak_free+0x32/0x80 [<ffffffff8f47af07>] kmem_cache_free+0x77/0x350 [<ffffffff8f453912>] unlink_anon_vmas+0x82/0x1e0 [<ffffffff8f440341>] free_pgtables+0xa1/0x110 [<ffffffff8f44af91>] exit_mmap+0xc1/0x170 [<ffffffff8f29db60>] mmput+0x80/0x150 [<ffffffff8f2a7609>] do_exit+0x2a9/0xd20 The references in the debug objects may also hide a real memory leak. As there is no point in having kmemleak to track debug object allocations, kmemleak checking is now disabled for debug objects. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502718733-8527-1-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com
2017-08-14 09:52:13 -04:00
debugobjects: Free per CPU pool after CPU unplug If a CPU is offlined the debug objects per CPU pool is not cleaned up. If the CPU is never onlined again then the objects in the pool are wasted. Add a CPU hotplug callback which is invoked after the CPU is dead to free the pool. [ tglx: Massaged changelog and added comment about remote access safety ] Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang.zhang@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200908062709.11441-1-qiang.zhang@windriver.com
2020-09-08 14:27:09 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow bigger number of early boot objects On my bigger s390 systems I always get "Out of memory. ODEBUG disabled". Since the number of objects is needed at compile time, we can not change the size dynamically before the caches etc are available. Doubling the size seems to do the trick. Since it is init data it will be freed anyway, this should be ok. Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1453905478-13409-1-git-send-email-borntraeger@de.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2016-01-27 15:37:58 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Avoid another unused variable warning debug_objects_maxchecked is only updated in __debug_check_no_obj_freed(), and only read in debug_objects_maxchecked, unfortunately both of these are optional and depend on different Kconfig symbols. When both CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_FREE and CONFIG_DEBUG_FS are disabled this warning is emitted: lib/debugobjects.c:56:14: error: 'debug_objects_maxchecked' defined but not used [-Werror=unused-variable] Rather than trying to add more complex #ifdef protections, mark the variable as __maybe_unused so it can be silently dropped when usused. Fixes: bd9dcd046509 ("debugobjects: Export max loops counter") Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180313131857.158876-1-arnd@arndb.de
2018-03-13 14:18:46 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: add boot parameter default value Impact: add .config driven boot parameter default value Right now debugobjects can only be activated if the debug_objects boot parameter is passed in via the boot command line. Make this more convenient (and randomizable) by also providing a .config method. Enable it by default. (DEBUG_OBJECTS itself is default-off) Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-26 10:02:00 +01:00
debugobjects: Scale thresholds with # of CPUs On a large SMP systems with hundreds of CPUs, the current thresholds for allocating and freeing debug objects (256 and 1024 respectively) may not work well. This can cause a lot of needless calls to kmem_aloc() and kmem_free() on those systems. To alleviate this thrashing problem, the object freeing threshold is now increased to "1024 + # of CPUs * 32". Whereas the object allocation threshold is increased to "256 + # of CPUs * 4". That should make the debug objects subsystem scale better with the number of CPUs available in the system. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: "Du Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1483647425-4135-3-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2017-01-05 15:17:04 -05:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Track number of kmem_cache_alloc/kmem_cache_free done New debugfs stat counters are added to track the numbers of kmem_cache_alloc() and kmem_cache_free() function calls to get a sense of how the internal debug objects cache management is performing. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: "Du Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1483647425-4135-2-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2017-01-05 15:17:03 -05:00
debugobjects: Improve variable naming As suggested by Ingo, the debug_objects_alloc counter is now renamed to debug_objects_allocated with minor twist in comment and debug output. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1486503630-1501-1-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-02-07 16:40:30 -05:00
debugobjects: Track number of kmem_cache_alloc/kmem_cache_free done New debugfs stat counters are added to track the numbers of kmem_cache_alloc() and kmem_cache_free() function calls to get a sense of how the internal debug objects cache management is performing. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: "Du Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1483647425-4135-2-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2017-01-05 15:17:03 -05:00
debugobjects: Improve variable naming As suggested by Ingo, the debug_objects_alloc counter is now renamed to debug_objects_allocated with minor twist in comment and debug output. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1486503630-1501-1-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-02-07 16:40:30 -05:00
debugobjects: Track number of kmem_cache_alloc/kmem_cache_free done New debugfs stat counters are added to track the numbers of kmem_cache_alloc() and kmem_cache_free() function calls to get a sense of how the internal debug objects cache management is performing. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: "Du Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1483647425-4135-2-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2017-01-05 15:17:03 -05:00
debugobjects: delay free of internal objects Impact: avoid recursive kfree calls, less slab activity on heavy load debugobjects checks on kfree whether tracked objects are freed. When a tracked object is freed debugobjects frees the internal reference object as well. The debug object slab cache is marked to not recurse into debugobjects when a slab objects is freed, but the recursive call can be problematic versus locking in the memory allocator. Defer the freeing of debug slab objects via schedule_work. The reasons not to use RCU are: 1) rcu makes the data structure larger 2) there is no real need for rcu as nothing references the obj after we freed it 3) under heavy load it is easier to reuse the to be freed objects instead of allocating new objects from the slab. This lowered the slab activity significantly in a heavy load networking test where lots of timers are created/destroyed. The workqueue based delayed free allows us just to put the to be freed objects back into the object pool and reuse them right away. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 10:04:53 +01:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: delay free of internal objects Impact: avoid recursive kfree calls, less slab activity on heavy load debugobjects checks on kfree whether tracked objects are freed. When a tracked object is freed debugobjects frees the internal reference object as well. The debug object slab cache is marked to not recurse into debugobjects when a slab objects is freed, but the recursive call can be problematic versus locking in the memory allocator. Defer the freeing of debug slab objects via schedule_work. The reasons not to use RCU are: 1) rcu makes the data structure larger 2) there is no real need for rcu as nothing references the obj after we freed it 3) under heavy load it is easier to reuse the to be freed objects instead of allocating new objects from the slab. This lowered the slab activity significantly in a heavy load networking test where lots of timers are created/destroyed. The workqueue based delayed free allows us just to put the to be freed objects back into the object pool and reuse them right away. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 10:04:53 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debug_objects: add boot-parameter toggle to turn object debugging off again While trying to debug why my Atom netbook is falling over booting rawhide debug-enabled kernels, I stumbled across the fact that we've been enabling object debugging by default. However, once you default it to on, you've got no way to turn it back off again at runtime. Add a boolean toggle to turn it off. I would just make it an int module_param, however people may already expect the boolean enable behaviour, so just add an analogue for disabling. Signed-off-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-03-01 20:41:41 -05:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debug_objects: add boot-parameter toggle to turn object debugging off again While trying to debug why my Atom netbook is falling over booting rawhide debug-enabled kernels, I stumbled across the fact that we've been enabling object debugging by default. However, once you default it to on, you've got no way to turn it back off again at runtime. Add a boolean toggle to turn it off. I would just make it an int module_param, however people may already expect the boolean enable behaviour, so just add an analogue for disabling. Signed-off-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-03-01 20:41:41 -05:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Remove unused return value from fill_pool() Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-04-11 11:52:18 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Don't wake up kswapd from fill_pool() commit eb799279fb1f9c63c520fe8c1c41cb9154252db6 upstream. syzbot is reporting a lockdep warning in fill_pool() because the allocation from debugobjects is using GFP_ATOMIC, which is (__GFP_HIGH | __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM) and therefore tries to wake up kswapd, which acquires kswapd_wait::lock. Since fill_pool() might be called with arbitrary locks held, fill_pool() should not assume that acquiring kswapd_wait::lock is safe. Use __GFP_HIGH instead and remove __GFP_NORETRY as it is pointless for !__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM allocation. Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects") Reported-by: syzbot <syzbot+fe0c72f0ccbb93786380@syzkaller.appspotmail.com> Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/6577e1fa-b6ee-f2be-2414-a2b51b1c5e30@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=fe0c72f0ccbb93786380 Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2023-05-11 22:47:32 +09:00
debugobjects: Reduce number of pool_lock acquisitions in fill_pool() In fill_pool(), the pool_lock is acquired and then released once per debug object. If many objects are to be filled, the constant lock and unlock operations are extra overhead. To reduce the overhead, batch them up and do an allocation of 4 objects per lock/unlock sequence. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-4-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:48 -04:00
debugobjects: fix lockdep warning Daniel J Blueman reported: | ======================================================= | [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ] | 2.6.26-rc5-201c #1 | ------------------------------------------------------- | nscd/3669 is trying to acquire lock: | (&n->list_lock){.+..}, at: [<ffffffff802bab03>] deactivate_slab+0x173/0x1e0 | | but task is already holding lock: | (&obj_hash[i].lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff803fa56f>] | __debug_object_init+0x2f/0x350 | | which lock already depends on the new lock. There are two locks involved here; the first is a SLUB-local lock, and the second is a debugobjects-local lock. They are basically taken in two different orders: 1. SLUB { debugobjects { ... } } 2. debugobjects { SLUB { ... } } This patch changes pattern #2 by trying to fill the memory pool (e.g. the call into SLUB/kmalloc()) outside the debugobjects lock, so now the two patterns look like this: 1. SLUB { debugobjects { ... } } 2. SLUB { } debugobjects { ... } [ daniel.blueman@gmail.com: pool_lock needs to be taken irq safe in fill_pool ] Reported-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-06-15 00:47:36 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Remove unused return value from fill_pool() Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-04-11 11:52:18 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Fix conditions in fill_pool() commit 684d28feb8546d1e9597aa363c3bfcf52fe250b7 upstream. fill_pool() uses 'obj_pool_min_free' to decide whether objects should be handed back to the kmem cache. But 'obj_pool_min_free' records the lowest historical value of the number of objects in the object pool and not the minimum number of objects which should be kept in the pool. Use 'debug_objects_pool_min_level' instead, which holds the minimum number which was scaled to the number of CPUs at boot time. [ tglx: Massage change log ] Fixes: d26bf5056fc0 ("debugobjects: Reduce number of pool_lock acquisitions in fill_pool()") Fixes: 36c4ead6f6df ("debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter") Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240904133944.2124-3-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-09-04 21:39:40 +08:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Fix conditions in fill_pool() commit 684d28feb8546d1e9597aa363c3bfcf52fe250b7 upstream. fill_pool() uses 'obj_pool_min_free' to decide whether objects should be handed back to the kmem cache. But 'obj_pool_min_free' records the lowest historical value of the number of objects in the object pool and not the minimum number of objects which should be kept in the pool. Use 'debug_objects_pool_min_level' instead, which holds the minimum number which was scaled to the number of CPUs at boot time. [ tglx: Massage change log ] Fixes: d26bf5056fc0 ("debugobjects: Reduce number of pool_lock acquisitions in fill_pool()") Fixes: 36c4ead6f6df ("debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter") Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240904133944.2124-3-thunder.leizhen@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-09-04 21:39:40 +08:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Remove unused return value from fill_pool() Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-04-11 11:52:18 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Reduce number of pool_lock acquisitions in fill_pool() In fill_pool(), the pool_lock is acquired and then released once per debug object. If many objects are to be filled, the constant lock and unlock operations are extra overhead. To reduce the overhead, batch them up and do an allocation of 4 objects per lock/unlock sequence. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-4-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:48 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Reduce number of pool_lock acquisitions in fill_pool() In fill_pool(), the pool_lock is acquired and then released once per debug object. If many objects are to be filled, the constant lock and unlock operations are extra overhead. To reduce the overhead, batch them up and do an allocation of 4 objects per lock/unlock sequence. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-4-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:48 -04:00
debugobjects: Fill_pool() returns void now There was a return missed in 1fda107d44 "debugobjects: Remove unused return value from fill_pool()". It makes gcc complain: lib/debugobjects.c: In function ‘fill_pool’: lib/debugobjects.c:98:4: warning: ‘return’ with a value, in function returning void [enabled by default] Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120418112810.GA2669@elgon.mountain Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-04-18 14:28:10 +03:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
debugobjects: Reduce number of pool_lock acquisitions in fill_pool() In fill_pool(), the pool_lock is acquired and then released once per debug object. If many objects are to be filled, the constant lock and unlock operations are extra overhead. To reduce the overhead, batch them up and do an allocation of 4 objects per lock/unlock sequence. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-4-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:48 -04:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Reduce number of pool_lock acquisitions in fill_pool() In fill_pool(), the pool_lock is acquired and then released once per debug object. If many objects are to be filled, the constant lock and unlock operations are extra overhead. To reduce the overhead, batch them up and do an allocation of 4 objects per lock/unlock sequence. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-4-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:48 -04:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
hlist: drop the node parameter from iterators I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter: hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate. Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required: - Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h - Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones. - A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this was modified to use 'obj->member' instead. - Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator properly, so those had to be fixed up manually. The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here: @@ iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host; type T; expression a,c,d,e; identifier b; statement S; @@ -T b; <+... when != b ( hlist_for_each_entry(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_from(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a, - b, c) S | for_each_busy_worker(a, c, - b, d) S | ax25_uid_for_each(a, - b, c) S | ax25_for_each(a, - b, c) S | inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sctp_for_each_hentry(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_rcu(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_from -(a, b) +(a) S + sk_for_each_from(a) S | sk_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | sk_for_each_bound(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a, - b, c, d, e) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | nr_node_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_node_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S | for_each_host(a, - b, c) S | for_each_host_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | for_each_mesh_entry(a, - b, c, d) S ) ...+> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] [akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes] Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-27 17:06:00 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: delay free of internal objects Impact: avoid recursive kfree calls, less slab activity on heavy load debugobjects checks on kfree whether tracked objects are freed. When a tracked object is freed debugobjects frees the internal reference object as well. The debug object slab cache is marked to not recurse into debugobjects when a slab objects is freed, but the recursive call can be problematic versus locking in the memory allocator. Defer the freeing of debug slab objects via schedule_work. The reasons not to use RCU are: 1) rcu makes the data structure larger 2) there is no real need for rcu as nothing references the obj after we freed it 3) under heavy load it is easier to reuse the to be freed objects instead of allocating new objects from the slab. This lowered the slab activity significantly in a heavy load networking test where lots of timers are created/destroyed. The workqueue based delayed free allows us just to put the to be freed objects back into the object pool and reuse them right away. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 10:04:53 +01:00
debugobjects: Reduce contention on the global pool_lock On a large SMP system with many CPUs, the global pool_lock may become a performance bottleneck as all the CPUs that need to allocate or free debug objects have to take the lock. That can sometimes cause soft lockups like: NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#35 stuck for 22s! [rcuos/1:21] ... RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff817c216b>] [<ffffffff817c216b>] _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x3b/0x60 ... Call Trace: [<ffffffff813f40d1>] free_object+0x81/0xb0 [<ffffffff813f4f33>] debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x193/0x220 [<ffffffff81101a59>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0xf9/0x1c0 [<ffffffff81284996>] ? file_free_rcu+0x36/0x60 [<ffffffff81251712>] kmem_cache_free+0xd2/0x380 [<ffffffff81284960>] ? fput+0x90/0x90 [<ffffffff81284996>] file_free_rcu+0x36/0x60 [<ffffffff81124c23>] rcu_nocb_kthread+0x1b3/0x550 [<ffffffff81124b71>] ? rcu_nocb_kthread+0x101/0x550 [<ffffffff81124a70>] ? sync_exp_work_done.constprop.63+0x50/0x50 [<ffffffff810c59d1>] kthread+0x101/0x120 [<ffffffff81101a59>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0xf9/0x1c0 [<ffffffff817c2d32>] ret_from_fork+0x22/0x50 To reduce the amount of contention on the pool_lock, the actual kmem_cache_free() of the debug objects will be delayed if the pool_lock is busy. This will temporarily increase the amount of free objects available at the free pool when the system is busy. As a result, the number of kmem_cache allocation and freeing is reduced. To further reduce the lock operations free debug objects in batches of four. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: "Du Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1483647425-4135-4-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2017-01-05 15:17:05 -05:00
debugobjects: Use global free list in free_object() The newly added global free list allows to avoid lengthy pool_list iterations in free_obj_work() by putting objects either into the pool list when the fill level of the pool is below the maximum or by putting them on the global free list immediately. As the pool is now guaranteed to never exceed the maximum fill level this allows to remove the batch removal from pool list in free_obj_work(). Split free_object() into two parts, so the actual queueing function can be reused without invoking schedule_work() on every invocation. [ tglx: Remove the batch removal from pool list and massage changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:27 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: delay free of internal objects Impact: avoid recursive kfree calls, less slab activity on heavy load debugobjects checks on kfree whether tracked objects are freed. When a tracked object is freed debugobjects frees the internal reference object as well. The debug object slab cache is marked to not recurse into debugobjects when a slab objects is freed, but the recursive call can be problematic versus locking in the memory allocator. Defer the freeing of debug slab objects via schedule_work. The reasons not to use RCU are: 1) rcu makes the data structure larger 2) there is no real need for rcu as nothing references the obj after we freed it 3) under heavy load it is easier to reuse the to be freed objects instead of allocating new objects from the slab. This lowered the slab activity significantly in a heavy load networking test where lots of timers are created/destroyed. The workqueue based delayed free allows us just to put the to be freed objects back into the object pool and reuse them right away. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 10:04:53 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: fix lockdep warning Daniel J. Blueman reported: > ======================================================= > [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ] > 2.6.27-rc4-224c #1 > ------------------------------------------------------- > hald/4680 is trying to acquire lock: > (&n->list_lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff802bfa26>] add_partial+0x26/0x80 > > but task is already holding lock: > (&obj_hash[i].lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff8041cfdc>] > debug_object_free+0x5c/0x120 We fix it by moving the actual freeing to outside the lock (the lock now only protects the list). The pool lock is also promoted to irq-safe (suggested by Dan). It's necessary because free_pool is now called outside the irq disabled region. So we need to protect against an interrupt handler which calls debug_object_init(). [tglx@linutronix.de: added hlist_move_list helper to avoid looping through the list twice] Reported-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-08-31 23:39:21 +02:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: Reduce contention on the global pool_lock On a large SMP system with many CPUs, the global pool_lock may become a performance bottleneck as all the CPUs that need to allocate or free debug objects have to take the lock. That can sometimes cause soft lockups like: NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#35 stuck for 22s! [rcuos/1:21] ... RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff817c216b>] [<ffffffff817c216b>] _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x3b/0x60 ... Call Trace: [<ffffffff813f40d1>] free_object+0x81/0xb0 [<ffffffff813f4f33>] debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x193/0x220 [<ffffffff81101a59>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0xf9/0x1c0 [<ffffffff81284996>] ? file_free_rcu+0x36/0x60 [<ffffffff81251712>] kmem_cache_free+0xd2/0x380 [<ffffffff81284960>] ? fput+0x90/0x90 [<ffffffff81284996>] file_free_rcu+0x36/0x60 [<ffffffff81124c23>] rcu_nocb_kthread+0x1b3/0x550 [<ffffffff81124b71>] ? rcu_nocb_kthread+0x101/0x550 [<ffffffff81124a70>] ? sync_exp_work_done.constprop.63+0x50/0x50 [<ffffffff810c59d1>] kthread+0x101/0x120 [<ffffffff81101a59>] ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0xf9/0x1c0 [<ffffffff817c2d32>] ret_from_fork+0x22/0x50 To reduce the amount of contention on the pool_lock, the actual kmem_cache_free() of the debug objects will be delayed if the pool_lock is busy. This will temporarily increase the amount of free objects available at the free pool when the system is busy. As a result, the number of kmem_cache allocation and freeing is reduced. To further reduce the lock operations free debug objects in batches of four. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Cc: "Du Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1483647425-4135-4-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2017-01-05 15:17:05 -05:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Fix debug_objects_freed accounting The removal of the batched object freeing has caused the debug_objects_freed to become read-only, and the reading is inside an ifdef, so gcc warns that it is completely unused without CONFIG_DEBUG_FS: lib/debugobjects.c:71:14: error: 'debug_objects_freed' defined but not used [-Werror=unused-variable] Assuming we are still interested in this number, this adds back code to keep track of the freed objects. Fixes: 636e1970fd7d ("debugobjects: Use global free list in free_object()") Suggested-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Acked-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180222155335.1647466-1-arnd@arndb.de
2018-02-22 16:52:58 +01:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
debugobjects: Add global free list and the counter free_object() adds objects to the pool list and schedules work when the pool list is larger than the pool size. The worker handles the actual kfree() of the object by iterating the pool list until the pool size is below the maximum pool size again. To iterate the pool list, pool_lock has to be held and the objects which should be freed() need to be put into temporary storage so pool_lock can be dropped for the actual kmem_cache_free() invocation. That's a pointless and expensive exercise if there is a large number of objects to free. In such a case its better to evaulate the fill level of the pool in free_objects() and queue the object to free either in the pool list or if it's full on a separate global free list. The worker can then do the following simpler operation: - Move objects back from the global free list to the pool list if the pool list is not longer full. - Remove the remaining objects in a single list move operation from the global free list and do the kmem_cache_free() operation lockless from the temporary list head. In fill_pool() the global free list is checked as well to avoid real allocations from the kmem cache. Add the necessary list head and a counter for the number of objects on the global free list and export that counter via sysfs: max_chain :79 max_loops :8147 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1697 pool_min_free :346 pool_used :15356 pool_max_used :23933 on_free_list :39 objs_allocated:32617 objs_freed :16588 Nothing queues objects on the global free list yet. This happens in a follow up change. [ tglx: Simplified implementation and massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-3-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:26 +08:00
debugobjects: delay free of internal objects Impact: avoid recursive kfree calls, less slab activity on heavy load debugobjects checks on kfree whether tracked objects are freed. When a tracked object is freed debugobjects frees the internal reference object as well. The debug object slab cache is marked to not recurse into debugobjects when a slab objects is freed, but the recursive call can be problematic versus locking in the memory allocator. Defer the freeing of debug slab objects via schedule_work. The reasons not to use RCU are: 1) rcu makes the data structure larger 2) there is no real need for rcu as nothing references the obj after we freed it 3) under heavy load it is easier to reuse the to be freed objects instead of allocating new objects from the slab. This lowered the slab activity significantly in a heavy load networking test where lots of timers are created/destroyed. The workqueue based delayed free allows us just to put the to be freed objects back into the object pool and reuse them right away. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 10:04:53 +01:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: delay free of internal objects Impact: avoid recursive kfree calls, less slab activity on heavy load debugobjects checks on kfree whether tracked objects are freed. When a tracked object is freed debugobjects frees the internal reference object as well. The debug object slab cache is marked to not recurse into debugobjects when a slab objects is freed, but the recursive call can be problematic versus locking in the memory allocator. Defer the freeing of debug slab objects via schedule_work. The reasons not to use RCU are: 1) rcu makes the data structure larger 2) there is no real need for rcu as nothing references the obj after we freed it 3) under heavy load it is easier to reuse the to be freed objects instead of allocating new objects from the slab. This lowered the slab activity significantly in a heavy load networking test where lots of timers are created/destroyed. The workqueue based delayed free allows us just to put the to be freed objects back into the object pool and reuse them right away. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 10:04:53 +01:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: delay free of internal objects Impact: avoid recursive kfree calls, less slab activity on heavy load debugobjects checks on kfree whether tracked objects are freed. When a tracked object is freed debugobjects frees the internal reference object as well. The debug object slab cache is marked to not recurse into debugobjects when a slab objects is freed, but the recursive call can be problematic versus locking in the memory allocator. Defer the freeing of debug slab objects via schedule_work. The reasons not to use RCU are: 1) rcu makes the data structure larger 2) there is no real need for rcu as nothing references the obj after we freed it 3) under heavy load it is easier to reuse the to be freed objects instead of allocating new objects from the slab. This lowered the slab activity significantly in a heavy load networking test where lots of timers are created/destroyed. The workqueue based delayed free allows us just to put the to be freed objects back into the object pool and reuse them right away. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 10:04:53 +01:00
debugobjects: Use global free list in free_object() The newly added global free list allows to avoid lengthy pool_list iterations in free_obj_work() by putting objects either into the pool list when the fill level of the pool is below the maximum or by putting them on the global free list immediately. As the pool is now guaranteed to never exceed the maximum fill level this allows to remove the batch removal from pool list in free_obj_work(). Split free_object() into two parts, so the actual queueing function can be reused without invoking schedule_work() on every invocation. [ tglx: Remove the batch removal from pool list and massage changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:27 +08:00
debugobjects: delay free of internal objects Impact: avoid recursive kfree calls, less slab activity on heavy load debugobjects checks on kfree whether tracked objects are freed. When a tracked object is freed debugobjects frees the internal reference object as well. The debug object slab cache is marked to not recurse into debugobjects when a slab objects is freed, but the recursive call can be problematic versus locking in the memory allocator. Defer the freeing of debug slab objects via schedule_work. The reasons not to use RCU are: 1) rcu makes the data structure larger 2) there is no real need for rcu as nothing references the obj after we freed it 3) under heavy load it is easier to reuse the to be freed objects instead of allocating new objects from the slab. This lowered the slab activity significantly in a heavy load networking test where lots of timers are created/destroyed. The workqueue based delayed free allows us just to put the to be freed objects back into the object pool and reuse them right away. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 10:04:53 +01:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: delay free of internal objects Impact: avoid recursive kfree calls, less slab activity on heavy load debugobjects checks on kfree whether tracked objects are freed. When a tracked object is freed debugobjects frees the internal reference object as well. The debug object slab cache is marked to not recurse into debugobjects when a slab objects is freed, but the recursive call can be problematic versus locking in the memory allocator. Defer the freeing of debug slab objects via schedule_work. The reasons not to use RCU are: 1) rcu makes the data structure larger 2) there is no real need for rcu as nothing references the obj after we freed it 3) under heavy load it is easier to reuse the to be freed objects instead of allocating new objects from the slab. This lowered the slab activity significantly in a heavy load networking test where lots of timers are created/destroyed. The workqueue based delayed free allows us just to put the to be freed objects back into the object pool and reuse them right away. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 10:04:53 +01:00
debugobjects: Use global free list in free_object() The newly added global free list allows to avoid lengthy pool_list iterations in free_obj_work() by putting objects either into the pool list when the fill level of the pool is below the maximum or by putting them on the global free list immediately. As the pool is now guaranteed to never exceed the maximum fill level this allows to remove the batch removal from pool list in free_obj_work(). Split free_object() into two parts, so the actual queueing function can be reused without invoking schedule_work() on every invocation. [ tglx: Remove the batch removal from pool list and massage changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:27 +08:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Use global free list in free_object() The newly added global free list allows to avoid lengthy pool_list iterations in free_obj_work() by putting objects either into the pool list when the fill level of the pool is below the maximum or by putting them on the global free list immediately. As the pool is now guaranteed to never exceed the maximum fill level this allows to remove the batch removal from pool list in free_obj_work(). Split free_object() into two parts, so the actual queueing function can be reused without invoking schedule_work() on every invocation. [ tglx: Remove the batch removal from pool list and massage changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:27 +08:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: Use global free list in free_object() The newly added global free list allows to avoid lengthy pool_list iterations in free_obj_work() by putting objects either into the pool list when the fill level of the pool is below the maximum or by putting them on the global free list immediately. As the pool is now guaranteed to never exceed the maximum fill level this allows to remove the batch removal from pool list in free_obj_work(). Split free_object() into two parts, so the actual queueing function can be reused without invoking schedule_work() on every invocation. [ tglx: Remove the batch removal from pool list and massage changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:27 +08:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Use global free list in free_object() The newly added global free list allows to avoid lengthy pool_list iterations in free_obj_work() by putting objects either into the pool list when the fill level of the pool is below the maximum or by putting them on the global free list immediately. As the pool is now guaranteed to never exceed the maximum fill level this allows to remove the batch removal from pool list in free_obj_work(). Split free_object() into two parts, so the actual queueing function can be reused without invoking schedule_work() on every invocation. [ tglx: Remove the batch removal from pool list and massage changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:27 +08:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Use global free list in free_object() The newly added global free list allows to avoid lengthy pool_list iterations in free_obj_work() by putting objects either into the pool list when the fill level of the pool is below the maximum or by putting them on the global free list immediately. As the pool is now guaranteed to never exceed the maximum fill level this allows to remove the batch removal from pool list in free_obj_work(). Split free_object() into two parts, so the actual queueing function can be reused without invoking schedule_work() on every invocation. [ tglx: Remove the batch removal from pool list and massage changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:27 +08:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
debugobjects: Use global free list in free_object() The newly added global free list allows to avoid lengthy pool_list iterations in free_obj_work() by putting objects either into the pool list when the fill level of the pool is below the maximum or by putting them on the global free list immediately. As the pool is now guaranteed to never exceed the maximum fill level this allows to remove the batch removal from pool list in free_obj_work(). Split free_object() into two parts, so the actual queueing function can be reused without invoking schedule_work() on every invocation. [ tglx: Remove the batch removal from pool list and massage changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-4-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:27 +08:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Free per CPU pool after CPU unplug If a CPU is offlined the debug objects per CPU pool is not cleaned up. If the CPU is never onlined again then the objects in the pool are wasted. Add a CPU hotplug callback which is invoked after the CPU is dead to free the pool. [ tglx: Massaged changelog and added comment about remote access safety ] Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang.zhang@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200908062709.11441-1-qiang.zhang@windriver.com
2020-09-08 14:27:09 +08:00
lib/debugobjects: fix stat count and optimize debug_objects_mem_init [ Upstream commit eabb7f1ace53e127309407b2b5e74e8199e85270 ] 1. Var debug_objects_allocated tracks valid kmem_cache_alloc calls, so track it in debug_objects_replace_static_objects. Do similar things in object_cpu_offline. 2. In debug_objects_mem_init, there is no need to call function cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls when debug_objects_enabled = 0 (out of memory). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220611130634.99741-1-wuchi.zero@gmail.com Fixes: 634d61f45d6f ("debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation") Fixes: c4b73aabd098 ("debugobjects: Track number of kmem_cache_alloc/kmem_cache_free done") Signed-off-by: wuchi <wuchi.zero@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-11 21:06:34 +08:00
debugobjects: Free per CPU pool after CPU unplug If a CPU is offlined the debug objects per CPU pool is not cleaned up. If the CPU is never onlined again then the objects in the pool are wasted. Add a CPU hotplug callback which is invoked after the CPU is dead to free the pool. [ tglx: Massaged changelog and added comment about remote access safety ] Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang.zhang@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200908062709.11441-1-qiang.zhang@windriver.com
2020-09-08 14:27:09 +08:00
lib/debugobjects: fix stat count and optimize debug_objects_mem_init [ Upstream commit eabb7f1ace53e127309407b2b5e74e8199e85270 ] 1. Var debug_objects_allocated tracks valid kmem_cache_alloc calls, so track it in debug_objects_replace_static_objects. Do similar things in object_cpu_offline. 2. In debug_objects_mem_init, there is no need to call function cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls when debug_objects_enabled = 0 (out of memory). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220611130634.99741-1-wuchi.zero@gmail.com Fixes: 634d61f45d6f ("debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation") Fixes: c4b73aabd098 ("debugobjects: Track number of kmem_cache_alloc/kmem_cache_free done") Signed-off-by: wuchi <wuchi.zero@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-11 21:06:34 +08:00
debugobjects: Free per CPU pool after CPU unplug If a CPU is offlined the debug objects per CPU pool is not cleaned up. If the CPU is never onlined again then the objects in the pool are wasted. Add a CPU hotplug callback which is invoked after the CPU is dead to free the pool. [ tglx: Massaged changelog and added comment about remote access safety ] Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang.zhang@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200908062709.11441-1-qiang.zhang@windriver.com
2020-09-08 14:27:09 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
hlist: drop the node parameter from iterators I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter: hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate. Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required: - Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h - Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones. - A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this was modified to use 'obj->member' instead. - Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator properly, so those had to be fixed up manually. The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here: @@ iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host; type T; expression a,c,d,e; identifier b; statement S; @@ -T b; <+... when != b ( hlist_for_each_entry(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_from(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a, - b, c) S | for_each_busy_worker(a, c, - b, d) S | ax25_uid_for_each(a, - b, c) S | ax25_for_each(a, - b, c) S | inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sctp_for_each_hentry(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_rcu(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_from -(a, b) +(a) S + sk_for_each_from(a) S | sk_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | sk_for_each_bound(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a, - b, c, d, e) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | nr_node_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_node_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S | for_each_host(a, - b, c) S | for_each_host_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | for_each_mesh_entry(a, - b, c, d) S ) ...+> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] [akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes] Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-27 17:06:00 -08:00
debugobjects: fix lockdep warning Daniel J. Blueman reported: > ======================================================= > [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ] > 2.6.27-rc4-224c #1 > ------------------------------------------------------- > hald/4680 is trying to acquire lock: > (&n->list_lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff802bfa26>] add_partial+0x26/0x80 > > but task is already holding lock: > (&obj_hash[i].lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff8041cfdc>] > debug_object_free+0x5c/0x120 We fix it by moving the actual freeing to outside the lock (the lock now only protects the list). The pool lock is also promoted to irq-safe (suggested by Dan). It's necessary because free_pool is now called outside the irq disabled region. So we need to protect against an interrupt handler which calls debug_object_init(). [tglx@linutronix.de: added hlist_move_list helper to avoid looping through the list twice] Reported-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-08-31 23:39:21 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
lib/debugobjects.c: add pr_fmt to logging Add ODEBUG: prefix to pr_fmt Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:06:04 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
debugobjects: fix lockdep warning Daniel J. Blueman reported: > ======================================================= > [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ] > 2.6.27-rc4-224c #1 > ------------------------------------------------------- > hald/4680 is trying to acquire lock: > (&n->list_lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff802bfa26>] add_partial+0x26/0x80 > > but task is already holding lock: > (&obj_hash[i].lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff8041cfdc>] > debug_object_free+0x5c/0x120 We fix it by moving the actual freeing to outside the lock (the lock now only protects the list). The pool lock is also promoted to irq-safe (suggested by Dan). It's necessary because free_pool is now called outside the irq disabled region. So we need to protect against an interrupt handler which calls debug_object_init(). [tglx@linutronix.de: added hlist_move_list helper to avoid looping through the list twice] Reported-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-08-31 23:39:21 +02:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
debugobjects: fix lockdep warning Daniel J. Blueman reported: > ======================================================= > [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ] > 2.6.27-rc4-224c #1 > ------------------------------------------------------- > hald/4680 is trying to acquire lock: > (&n->list_lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff802bfa26>] add_partial+0x26/0x80 > > but task is already holding lock: > (&obj_hash[i].lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff8041cfdc>] > debug_object_free+0x5c/0x120 We fix it by moving the actual freeing to outside the lock (the lock now only protects the list). The pool lock is also promoted to irq-safe (suggested by Dan). It's necessary because free_pool is now called outside the irq disabled region. So we need to protect against an interrupt handler which calls debug_object_init(). [tglx@linutronix.de: added hlist_move_list helper to avoid looping through the list twice] Reported-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-08-31 23:39:21 +02:00
hlist: drop the node parameter from iterators I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter: hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate. Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required: - Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h - Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones. - A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this was modified to use 'obj->member' instead. - Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator properly, so those had to be fixed up manually. The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here: @@ iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host; type T; expression a,c,d,e; identifier b; statement S; @@ -T b; <+... when != b ( hlist_for_each_entry(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_from(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a, - b, c) S | for_each_busy_worker(a, c, - b, d) S | ax25_uid_for_each(a, - b, c) S | ax25_for_each(a, - b, c) S | inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sctp_for_each_hentry(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_rcu(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_from -(a, b) +(a) S + sk_for_each_from(a) S | sk_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | sk_for_each_bound(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a, - b, c, d, e) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | nr_node_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_node_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S | for_each_host(a, - b, c) S | for_each_host_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | for_each_mesh_entry(a, - b, c, d) S ) ...+> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] [akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes] Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-27 17:06:00 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Recheck debug_objects_enabled before reporting [ Upstream commit 8b64d420fe2450f82848178506d3e3a0bd195539 ] syzbot is reporting false a positive ODEBUG message immediately after ODEBUG was disabled due to OOM. [ 1062.309646][T22911] ODEBUG: Out of memory. ODEBUG disabled [ 1062.886755][ T5171] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 1062.892770][ T5171] ODEBUG: assert_init not available (active state 0) object: ffffc900056afb20 object type: timer_list hint: process_timeout+0x0/0x40 CPU 0 [ T5171] CPU 1 [T22911] -------------- -------------- debug_object_assert_init() { if (!debug_objects_enabled) return; db = get_bucket(addr); lookup_object_or_alloc() { debug_objects_enabled = 0; return NULL; } debug_objects_oom() { pr_warn("Out of memory. ODEBUG disabled\n"); // all buckets get emptied here, and } lookup_object_or_alloc(addr, db, descr, false, true) { // this bucket is already empty. return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT); } // Emits false positive warning. debug_print_object(&o, "assert_init"); } Recheck debug_object_enabled in debug_print_object() to avoid that. Reported-by: syzbot <syzbot+7937ba6a50bdd00fffdf@syzkaller.appspotmail.com> Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/492fe2ae-5141-d548-ebd5-62f5fe2e57f7@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=7937ba6a50bdd00fffdf Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-06-07 19:19:02 +09:00
debugobjects: Add hint for better object identification In complex subsystems like mac80211 structures can contain several timers and work structs, so identifying a specific instance from the call trace and object type output of debugobjects can be hard. Allow the subsystems which support debugobjects to provide a hint function. This function returns a pointer to a kernel address (preferrably the objects callback function) which is printed along with the debugobjects type. Add hint methods for timer_list, work_struct and hrtimer. [ tglx: Massaged changelog, made it compile ] Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <20110307085809.GA9334@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-03-07 09:58:33 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
Debugobjects transition check Implement a basic state machine checker in the debugobjects. This state machine checker detects races and inconsistencies within the "active" life of a debugobject. The checker only keeps track of the current state; all the state machine logic is kept at the object instance level. The checker works by adding a supplementary "unsigned int astate" field to the debug_obj structure. It keeps track of the current "active state" of the object. The only constraints that are imposed on the states by the debugobjects system is that: - activation of an object sets the current active state to 0, - deactivation of an object expects the current active state to be 0. For the rest of the states, the state mapping is determined by the specific object instance. Therefore, the logic keeping track of the state machine is within the specialized instance, without any need to know about it at the debugobject level. The current object active state is changed by calling: debug_object_active_state(addr, descr, expect, next) where "expect" is the expected state and "next" is the next state to move to if the expected state is found. A warning is generated if the expected is not found. Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> CC: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: akpm@linux-foundation.org CC: mingo@elte.hu CC: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com CC: dipankar@in.ibm.com CC: josh@joshtriplett.org CC: dvhltc@us.ibm.com CC: niv@us.ibm.com CC: peterz@infradead.org CC: rostedt@goodmis.org CC: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu CC: dhowells@redhat.com CC: eric.dumazet@gmail.com CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-04-17 08:48:38 -04:00
debugobjects: Add hint for better object identification In complex subsystems like mac80211 structures can contain several timers and work structs, so identifying a specific instance from the call trace and object type output of debugobjects can be hard. Allow the subsystems which support debugobjects to provide a hint function. This function returns a pointer to a kernel address (preferrably the objects callback function) which is printed along with the debugobjects type. Add hint methods for timer_list, work_struct and hrtimer. [ tglx: Massaged changelog, made it compile ] Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <20110307085809.GA9334@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-03-07 09:58:33 +01:00
Debugobjects transition check Implement a basic state machine checker in the debugobjects. This state machine checker detects races and inconsistencies within the "active" life of a debugobject. The checker only keeps track of the current state; all the state machine logic is kept at the object instance level. The checker works by adding a supplementary "unsigned int astate" field to the debug_obj structure. It keeps track of the current "active state" of the object. The only constraints that are imposed on the states by the debugobjects system is that: - activation of an object sets the current active state to 0, - deactivation of an object expects the current active state to be 0. For the rest of the states, the state mapping is determined by the specific object instance. Therefore, the logic keeping track of the state machine is within the specialized instance, without any need to know about it at the debugobject level. The current object active state is changed by calling: debug_object_active_state(addr, descr, expect, next) where "expect" is the expected state and "next" is the next state to move to if the expected state is found. A warning is generated if the expected is not found. Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> CC: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: akpm@linux-foundation.org CC: mingo@elte.hu CC: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com CC: dipankar@in.ibm.com CC: josh@joshtriplett.org CC: dvhltc@us.ibm.com CC: niv@us.ibm.com CC: peterz@infradead.org CC: rostedt@goodmis.org CC: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu CC: dhowells@redhat.com CC: eric.dumazet@gmail.com CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-04-17 08:48:38 -04:00
debugobjects: Add hint for better object identification In complex subsystems like mac80211 structures can contain several timers and work structs, so identifying a specific instance from the call trace and object type output of debugobjects can be hard. Allow the subsystems which support debugobjects to provide a hint function. This function returns a pointer to a kernel address (preferrably the objects callback function) which is printed along with the debugobjects type. Add hint methods for timer_list, work_struct and hrtimer. [ tglx: Massaged changelog, made it compile ] Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <20110307085809.GA9334@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-03-07 09:58:33 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
add a helper function to test if an object is on the stack lib/debugobjects.c has a function to test if an object is on the stack. The block layer and ide needs it (they need to avoid DMA from/to stack buffers). This patch moves the function to include/linux/sched.h so that everyone can use it. lib/debugobjects.c uses current->stack but this patch uses a task_stack_page() accessor, which is a preferable way to access the stack. Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-23 21:26:53 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Make stack check warning more informative While debugging an issue debugobject tracking warned about an annotation issue of an object on stack. It turned out that the issue was due to the object in concern being on a different stack which was due to another issue. Thomas suggested to print the pointers and the location of the stack for the currently running task. This helped to figure out that the object was on the wrong stack. As this is general useful information for debugging similar issues, make the error message more informative by printing the pointers. [ tglx: Massaged changelog ] Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Acked-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: kernel-team@android.com Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: astrachan@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180723212531.202328-1-joel@joelfernandes.org
2018-07-23 14:25:31 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Make stack check warning more informative While debugging an issue debugobject tracking warned about an annotation issue of an object on stack. It turned out that the issue was due to the object in concern being on a different stack which was due to another issue. Thomas suggested to print the pointers and the location of the stack for the currently running task. This helped to figure out that the object was on the wrong stack. As this is general useful information for debugging similar issues, make the error message more informative by printing the pointers. [ tglx: Massaged changelog ] Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Acked-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: kernel-team@android.com Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: astrachan@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180723212531.202328-1-joel@joelfernandes.org
2018-07-23 14:25:31 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects [ Upstream commit 63a759694eed61025713b3e14dd827c8548daadc ] Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init() function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation. This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on that object. Schspa decoded the problem: T0 T1 debug_object_assert_init(addr) lock_hash_bucket() obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); - > preemption lock_subsytem_object(addr); activate_object(addr) lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); if (is_static_object(addr)) init_and_track(addr); lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); obj->state = ACTIVATED; unlock_hash_bucket(); subsys function modifies content of addr, so static object detection does not longer work. unlock_subsytem_object(addr); if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which reinitializes the already active object in the worst case. This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless early exit points too. Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state. Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects") Reported-by: syzbot+5093ba19745994288b53@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <schspa@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230303161906.831686-1-schspa@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-12 09:54:39 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
Revert "debugobject: Ensure pool refill (again)" This reverts commit 503e554782c916aec553f790298564a530cf1778 which is commit 0af462f19e635ad522f28981238334620881badc upstream. Guenter reports problems with it, and it's not quite obvious why, so revert it for now. Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/d35b1ff1-e198-481c-b1be-9e22445efe06@roeck-us.net Cc: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2023-06-12 10:56:09 +02:00
debugobjects: fix lockdep warning Daniel J Blueman reported: | ======================================================= | [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ] | 2.6.26-rc5-201c #1 | ------------------------------------------------------- | nscd/3669 is trying to acquire lock: | (&n->list_lock){.+..}, at: [<ffffffff802bab03>] deactivate_slab+0x173/0x1e0 | | but task is already holding lock: | (&obj_hash[i].lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff803fa56f>] | __debug_object_init+0x2f/0x350 | | which lock already depends on the new lock. There are two locks involved here; the first is a SLUB-local lock, and the second is a debugobjects-local lock. They are basically taken in two different orders: 1. SLUB { debugobjects { ... } } 2. debugobjects { SLUB { ... } } This patch changes pattern #2 by trying to fill the memory pool (e.g. the call into SLUB/kmalloc()) outside the debugobjects lock, so now the two patterns look like this: 1. SLUB { debugobjects { ... } } 2. SLUB { } debugobjects { ... } [ daniel.blueman@gmail.com: pool_lock needs to be taken irq safe in fill_pool ] Reported-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-06-15 00:47:36 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects [ Upstream commit 63a759694eed61025713b3e14dd827c8548daadc ] Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init() function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation. This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on that object. Schspa decoded the problem: T0 T1 debug_object_assert_init(addr) lock_hash_bucket() obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); - > preemption lock_subsytem_object(addr); activate_object(addr) lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); if (is_static_object(addr)) init_and_track(addr); lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); obj->state = ACTIVATED; unlock_hash_bucket(); subsys function modifies content of addr, so static object detection does not longer work. unlock_subsytem_object(addr); if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which reinitializes the already active object in the worst case. This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless early exit points too. Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state. Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects") Reported-by: syzbot+5093ba19745994288b53@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <schspa@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230303161906.831686-1-schspa@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-12 09:54:39 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Move printk out of db->lock critical sections The db->lock is a raw spinlock and so the lock hold time is supposed to be short. This will not be the case when printk() is being involved in some of the critical sections. In order to avoid the long hold time, in case some messages need to be printed, the debug_object_is_on_stack() and debug_print_object() calls are now moved out of those critical sections. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-6-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:50 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
lib/debugobjects: export for use in modules Drivers, or other modules, that use a mixture of objects (especially objects embedded within other objects) would like to take advantage of the debugobjects facilities to help catch misuse. Currently, the debugobjects interface is only available to builtin drivers and requires a set of EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL for use by modules. I am using the debugobjects in i915.ko to try and catch some invalid operations on embedded objects. The problem currently only presents itself across module unload so forcing i915 to be builtin is not an option. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161122143039.6433-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: "Du, Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-11-30 15:54:10 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
lib/debugobjects: export for use in modules Drivers, or other modules, that use a mixture of objects (especially objects embedded within other objects) would like to take advantage of the debugobjects facilities to help catch misuse. Currently, the debugobjects interface is only available to builtin drivers and requires a set of EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL for use by modules. I am using the debugobjects in i915.ko to try and catch some invalid operations on embedded objects. The problem currently only presents itself across module unload so forcing i915 to be builtin is not an option. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161122143039.6433-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: "Du, Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-11-30 15:54:10 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Make debug_object_activate() return status In order to better respond to things like duplicate invocations of call_rcu(), RCU needs to see the status of a call to debug_object_activate(). This would allow RCU to leak the callback in order to avoid adding freelist-reuse mischief to the duplicate invoations. This commit therefore makes debug_object_activate() return status, zero for success and -EINVAL for failure. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2013-04-23 12:51:11 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects [ Upstream commit 63a759694eed61025713b3e14dd827c8548daadc ] Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init() function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation. This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on that object. Schspa decoded the problem: T0 T1 debug_object_assert_init(addr) lock_hash_bucket() obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); - > preemption lock_subsytem_object(addr); activate_object(addr) lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); if (is_static_object(addr)) init_and_track(addr); lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); obj->state = ACTIVATED; unlock_hash_bucket(); subsys function modifies content of addr, so static object detection does not longer work. unlock_subsytem_object(addr); if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which reinitializes the already active object in the worst case. This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless early exit points too. Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state. Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects") Reported-by: syzbot+5093ba19745994288b53@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <schspa@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230303161906.831686-1-schspa@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-12 09:54:39 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Make debug_object_activate() return status In order to better respond to things like duplicate invocations of call_rcu(), RCU needs to see the status of a call to debug_object_activate(). This would allow RCU to leak the callback in order to avoid adding freelist-reuse mischief to the duplicate invoations. This commit therefore makes debug_object_activate() return status, zero for success and -EINVAL for failure. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2013-04-23 12:51:11 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects [ Upstream commit 63a759694eed61025713b3e14dd827c8548daadc ] Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init() function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation. This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on that object. Schspa decoded the problem: T0 T1 debug_object_assert_init(addr) lock_hash_bucket() obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); - > preemption lock_subsytem_object(addr); activate_object(addr) lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); if (is_static_object(addr)) init_and_track(addr); lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); obj->state = ACTIVATED; unlock_hash_bucket(); subsys function modifies content of addr, so static object detection does not longer work. unlock_subsytem_object(addr); if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which reinitializes the already active object in the worst case. This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless early exit points too. Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state. Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects") Reported-by: syzbot+5093ba19745994288b53@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <schspa@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230303161906.831686-1-schspa@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-12 09:54:39 +02:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
debugobjects: Move printk out of db->lock critical sections The db->lock is a raw spinlock and so the lock hold time is supposed to be short. This will not be the case when printk() is being involved in some of the critical sections. In order to avoid the long hold time, in case some messages need to be printed, the debug_object_is_on_stack() and debug_print_object() calls are now moved out of those critical sections. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-6-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:50 -04:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
debugobjects: Make debug_object_activate() return status In order to better respond to things like duplicate invocations of call_rcu(), RCU needs to see the status of a call to debug_object_activate(). This would allow RCU to leak the callback in order to avoid adding freelist-reuse mischief to the duplicate invoations. This commit therefore makes debug_object_activate() return status, zero for success and -EINVAL for failure. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr.bueso@hp.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2013-04-23 12:51:11 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
lib/debugobjects: export for use in modules Drivers, or other modules, that use a mixture of objects (especially objects embedded within other objects) would like to take advantage of the debugobjects facilities to help catch misuse. Currently, the debugobjects interface is only available to builtin drivers and requires a set of EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL for use by modules. I am using the debugobjects in i915.ko to try and catch some invalid operations on embedded objects. The problem currently only presents itself across module unload so forcing i915 to be builtin is not an option. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161122143039.6433-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: "Du, Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-11-30 15:54:10 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
debugobjects: Move printk out of db->lock critical sections The db->lock is a raw spinlock and so the lock hold time is supposed to be short. This will not be the case when printk() is being involved in some of the critical sections. In order to avoid the long hold time, in case some messages need to be printed, the debug_object_is_on_stack() and debug_print_object() calls are now moved out of those critical sections. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-6-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:50 -04:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
lib/debugobjects: export for use in modules Drivers, or other modules, that use a mixture of objects (especially objects embedded within other objects) would like to take advantage of the debugobjects facilities to help catch misuse. Currently, the debugobjects interface is only available to builtin drivers and requires a set of EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL for use by modules. I am using the debugobjects in i915.ko to try and catch some invalid operations on embedded objects. The problem currently only presents itself across module unload so forcing i915 to be builtin is not an option. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161122143039.6433-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: "Du, Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-11-30 15:54:10 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
lib/debugobjects: export for use in modules Drivers, or other modules, that use a mixture of objects (especially objects embedded within other objects) would like to take advantage of the debugobjects facilities to help catch misuse. Currently, the debugobjects interface is only available to builtin drivers and requires a set of EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL for use by modules. I am using the debugobjects in i915.ko to try and catch some invalid operations on embedded objects. The problem currently only presents itself across module unload so forcing i915 to be builtin is not an option. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161122143039.6433-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: "Du, Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-11-30 15:54:10 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: fix lockdep warning Daniel J. Blueman reported: > ======================================================= > [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ] > 2.6.27-rc4-224c #1 > ------------------------------------------------------- > hald/4680 is trying to acquire lock: > (&n->list_lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff802bfa26>] add_partial+0x26/0x80 > > but task is already holding lock: > (&obj_hash[i].lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff8041cfdc>] > debug_object_free+0x5c/0x120 We fix it by moving the actual freeing to outside the lock (the lock now only protects the list). The pool lock is also promoted to irq-safe (suggested by Dan). It's necessary because free_pool is now called outside the irq disabled region. So we need to protect against an interrupt handler which calls debug_object_init(). [tglx@linutronix.de: added hlist_move_list helper to avoid looping through the list twice] Reported-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-08-31 23:39:21 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
lib/debugobjects: export for use in modules Drivers, or other modules, that use a mixture of objects (especially objects embedded within other objects) would like to take advantage of the debugobjects facilities to help catch misuse. Currently, the debugobjects interface is only available to builtin drivers and requires a set of EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL for use by modules. I am using the debugobjects in i915.ko to try and catch some invalid operations on embedded objects. The problem currently only presents itself across module unload so forcing i915 to be builtin is not an option. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161122143039.6433-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: "Du, Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-11-30 15:54:10 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Extend to assert that an object is initialized Calling del_timer_sync() on an uninitialized timer leads to a never ending loop in lock_timer_base() that spins checking for a non-NULL timer base. Add an assertion to debugobjects to catch usage of uninitialized objects so that we can initialize timers in the del_timer_sync() path before it calls lock_timer_base(). [ sboyd@codeaurora.org: Clarify commit message ] Signed-off-by: Christine Chan <cschan@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1320724108-20788-3-git-send-email-sboyd@codeaurora.org Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-11-07 19:48:27 -08:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
debugobjects: Extend to assert that an object is initialized Calling del_timer_sync() on an uninitialized timer leads to a never ending loop in lock_timer_base() that spins checking for a non-NULL timer base. Add an assertion to debugobjects to catch usage of uninitialized objects so that we can initialize timers in the del_timer_sync() path before it calls lock_timer_base(). [ sboyd@codeaurora.org: Clarify commit message ] Signed-off-by: Christine Chan <cschan@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1320724108-20788-3-git-send-email-sboyd@codeaurora.org Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-11-07 19:48:27 -08:00
debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects [ Upstream commit 63a759694eed61025713b3e14dd827c8548daadc ] Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init() function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation. This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on that object. Schspa decoded the problem: T0 T1 debug_object_assert_init(addr) lock_hash_bucket() obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); - > preemption lock_subsytem_object(addr); activate_object(addr) lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); if (is_static_object(addr)) init_and_track(addr); lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); obj->state = ACTIVATED; unlock_hash_bucket(); subsys function modifies content of addr, so static object detection does not longer work. unlock_subsytem_object(addr); if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which reinitializes the already active object in the worst case. This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless early exit points too. Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state. Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects") Reported-by: syzbot+5093ba19745994288b53@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <schspa@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230303161906.831686-1-schspa@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-12 09:54:39 +02:00
debugobjects: Extend to assert that an object is initialized Calling del_timer_sync() on an uninitialized timer leads to a never ending loop in lock_timer_base() that spins checking for a non-NULL timer base. Add an assertion to debugobjects to catch usage of uninitialized objects so that we can initialize timers in the del_timer_sync() path before it calls lock_timer_base(). [ sboyd@codeaurora.org: Clarify commit message ] Signed-off-by: Christine Chan <cschan@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1320724108-20788-3-git-send-email-sboyd@codeaurora.org Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-11-07 19:48:27 -08:00
debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects [ Upstream commit 63a759694eed61025713b3e14dd827c8548daadc ] Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init() function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation. This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on that object. Schspa decoded the problem: T0 T1 debug_object_assert_init(addr) lock_hash_bucket() obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); - > preemption lock_subsytem_object(addr); activate_object(addr) lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); if (is_static_object(addr)) init_and_track(addr); lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); obj->state = ACTIVATED; unlock_hash_bucket(); subsys function modifies content of addr, so static object detection does not longer work. unlock_subsytem_object(addr); if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which reinitializes the already active object in the worst case. This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless early exit points too. Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state. Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects") Reported-by: syzbot+5093ba19745994288b53@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <schspa@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230303161906.831686-1-schspa@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-12 09:54:39 +02:00
debugobjects: Extend to assert that an object is initialized Calling del_timer_sync() on an uninitialized timer leads to a never ending loop in lock_timer_base() that spins checking for a non-NULL timer base. Add an assertion to debugobjects to catch usage of uninitialized objects so that we can initialize timers in the del_timer_sync() path before it calls lock_timer_base(). [ sboyd@codeaurora.org: Clarify commit message ] Signed-off-by: Christine Chan <cschan@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1320724108-20788-3-git-send-email-sboyd@codeaurora.org Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-11-07 19:48:27 -08:00
debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects [ Upstream commit 63a759694eed61025713b3e14dd827c8548daadc ] Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init() function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation. This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on that object. Schspa decoded the problem: T0 T1 debug_object_assert_init(addr) lock_hash_bucket() obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); - > preemption lock_subsytem_object(addr); activate_object(addr) lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); if (is_static_object(addr)) init_and_track(addr); lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); obj->state = ACTIVATED; unlock_hash_bucket(); subsys function modifies content of addr, so static object detection does not longer work. unlock_subsytem_object(addr); if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which reinitializes the already active object in the worst case. This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless early exit points too. Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state. Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects") Reported-by: syzbot+5093ba19745994288b53@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <schspa@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230303161906.831686-1-schspa@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-12 09:54:39 +02:00
debugobjects: Extend to assert that an object is initialized Calling del_timer_sync() on an uninitialized timer leads to a never ending loop in lock_timer_base() that spins checking for a non-NULL timer base. Add an assertion to debugobjects to catch usage of uninitialized objects so that we can initialize timers in the del_timer_sync() path before it calls lock_timer_base(). [ sboyd@codeaurora.org: Clarify commit message ] Signed-off-by: Christine Chan <cschan@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1320724108-20788-3-git-send-email-sboyd@codeaurora.org Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-11-07 19:48:27 -08:00
debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects [ Upstream commit 63a759694eed61025713b3e14dd827c8548daadc ] Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init() function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation. This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on that object. Schspa decoded the problem: T0 T1 debug_object_assert_init(addr) lock_hash_bucket() obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); - > preemption lock_subsytem_object(addr); activate_object(addr) lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); if (is_static_object(addr)) init_and_track(addr); lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); obj->state = ACTIVATED; unlock_hash_bucket(); subsys function modifies content of addr, so static object detection does not longer work. unlock_subsytem_object(addr); if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which reinitializes the already active object in the worst case. This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless early exit points too. Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state. Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects") Reported-by: syzbot+5093ba19745994288b53@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <schspa@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230303161906.831686-1-schspa@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-12 09:54:39 +02:00
debugobjects: Extend to assert that an object is initialized Calling del_timer_sync() on an uninitialized timer leads to a never ending loop in lock_timer_base() that spins checking for a non-NULL timer base. Add an assertion to debugobjects to catch usage of uninitialized objects so that we can initialize timers in the del_timer_sync() path before it calls lock_timer_base(). [ sboyd@codeaurora.org: Clarify commit message ] Signed-off-by: Christine Chan <cschan@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1320724108-20788-3-git-send-email-sboyd@codeaurora.org Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-11-07 19:48:27 -08:00
debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects [ Upstream commit 63a759694eed61025713b3e14dd827c8548daadc ] Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init() function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation. This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on that object. Schspa decoded the problem: T0 T1 debug_object_assert_init(addr) lock_hash_bucket() obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); - > preemption lock_subsytem_object(addr); activate_object(addr) lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); if (!obj) { unlock_hash_bucket(); if (is_static_object(addr)) init_and_track(addr); lock_hash_bucket(); obj = lookup_object(addr); obj->state = ACTIVATED; unlock_hash_bucket(); subsys function modifies content of addr, so static object detection does not longer work. unlock_subsytem_object(addr); if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which reinitializes the already active object in the worst case. This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless early exit points too. Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state. Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects") Reported-by: syzbot+5093ba19745994288b53@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <schspa@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230303161906.831686-1-schspa@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-04-12 09:54:39 +02:00
debugobjects: Extend to assert that an object is initialized Calling del_timer_sync() on an uninitialized timer leads to a never ending loop in lock_timer_base() that spins checking for a non-NULL timer base. Add an assertion to debugobjects to catch usage of uninitialized objects so that we can initialize timers in the del_timer_sync() path before it calls lock_timer_base(). [ sboyd@codeaurora.org: Clarify commit message ] Signed-off-by: Christine Chan <cschan@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1320724108-20788-3-git-send-email-sboyd@codeaurora.org Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-11-07 19:48:27 -08:00
lib/debugobjects: export for use in modules Drivers, or other modules, that use a mixture of objects (especially objects embedded within other objects) would like to take advantage of the debugobjects facilities to help catch misuse. Currently, the debugobjects interface is only available to builtin drivers and requires a set of EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL for use by modules. I am using the debugobjects in i915.ko to try and catch some invalid operations on embedded objects. The problem currently only presents itself across module unload so forcing i915 to be builtin is not an option. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161122143039.6433-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: "Du, Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-11-30 15:54:10 -08:00
debugobjects: Extend to assert that an object is initialized Calling del_timer_sync() on an uninitialized timer leads to a never ending loop in lock_timer_base() that spins checking for a non-NULL timer base. Add an assertion to debugobjects to catch usage of uninitialized objects so that we can initialize timers in the del_timer_sync() path before it calls lock_timer_base(). [ sboyd@codeaurora.org: Clarify commit message ] Signed-off-by: Christine Chan <cschan@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1320724108-20788-3-git-send-email-sboyd@codeaurora.org Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2011-11-07 19:48:27 -08:00
Debugobjects transition check Implement a basic state machine checker in the debugobjects. This state machine checker detects races and inconsistencies within the "active" life of a debugobject. The checker only keeps track of the current state; all the state machine logic is kept at the object instance level. The checker works by adding a supplementary "unsigned int astate" field to the debug_obj structure. It keeps track of the current "active state" of the object. The only constraints that are imposed on the states by the debugobjects system is that: - activation of an object sets the current active state to 0, - deactivation of an object expects the current active state to be 0. For the rest of the states, the state mapping is determined by the specific object instance. Therefore, the logic keeping track of the state machine is within the specialized instance, without any need to know about it at the debugobject level. The current object active state is changed by calling: debug_object_active_state(addr, descr, expect, next) where "expect" is the expected state and "next" is the next state to move to if the expected state is found. A warning is generated if the expected is not found. Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> CC: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: akpm@linux-foundation.org CC: mingo@elte.hu CC: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com CC: dipankar@in.ibm.com CC: josh@joshtriplett.org CC: dvhltc@us.ibm.com CC: niv@us.ibm.com CC: peterz@infradead.org CC: rostedt@goodmis.org CC: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu CC: dhowells@redhat.com CC: eric.dumazet@gmail.com CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-04-17 08:48:38 -04:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
Debugobjects transition check Implement a basic state machine checker in the debugobjects. This state machine checker detects races and inconsistencies within the "active" life of a debugobject. The checker only keeps track of the current state; all the state machine logic is kept at the object instance level. The checker works by adding a supplementary "unsigned int astate" field to the debug_obj structure. It keeps track of the current "active state" of the object. The only constraints that are imposed on the states by the debugobjects system is that: - activation of an object sets the current active state to 0, - deactivation of an object expects the current active state to be 0. For the rest of the states, the state mapping is determined by the specific object instance. Therefore, the logic keeping track of the state machine is within the specialized instance, without any need to know about it at the debugobject level. The current object active state is changed by calling: debug_object_active_state(addr, descr, expect, next) where "expect" is the expected state and "next" is the next state to move to if the expected state is found. A warning is generated if the expected is not found. Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> CC: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: akpm@linux-foundation.org CC: mingo@elte.hu CC: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com CC: dipankar@in.ibm.com CC: josh@joshtriplett.org CC: dvhltc@us.ibm.com CC: niv@us.ibm.com CC: peterz@infradead.org CC: rostedt@goodmis.org CC: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu CC: dhowells@redhat.com CC: eric.dumazet@gmail.com CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-04-17 08:48:38 -04:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
Debugobjects transition check Implement a basic state machine checker in the debugobjects. This state machine checker detects races and inconsistencies within the "active" life of a debugobject. The checker only keeps track of the current state; all the state machine logic is kept at the object instance level. The checker works by adding a supplementary "unsigned int astate" field to the debug_obj structure. It keeps track of the current "active state" of the object. The only constraints that are imposed on the states by the debugobjects system is that: - activation of an object sets the current active state to 0, - deactivation of an object expects the current active state to be 0. For the rest of the states, the state mapping is determined by the specific object instance. Therefore, the logic keeping track of the state machine is within the specialized instance, without any need to know about it at the debugobject level. The current object active state is changed by calling: debug_object_active_state(addr, descr, expect, next) where "expect" is the expected state and "next" is the next state to move to if the expected state is found. A warning is generated if the expected is not found. Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> CC: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: akpm@linux-foundation.org CC: mingo@elte.hu CC: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com CC: dipankar@in.ibm.com CC: josh@joshtriplett.org CC: dvhltc@us.ibm.com CC: niv@us.ibm.com CC: peterz@infradead.org CC: rostedt@goodmis.org CC: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu CC: dhowells@redhat.com CC: eric.dumazet@gmail.com CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-04-17 08:48:38 -04:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
Debugobjects transition check Implement a basic state machine checker in the debugobjects. This state machine checker detects races and inconsistencies within the "active" life of a debugobject. The checker only keeps track of the current state; all the state machine logic is kept at the object instance level. The checker works by adding a supplementary "unsigned int astate" field to the debug_obj structure. It keeps track of the current "active state" of the object. The only constraints that are imposed on the states by the debugobjects system is that: - activation of an object sets the current active state to 0, - deactivation of an object expects the current active state to be 0. For the rest of the states, the state mapping is determined by the specific object instance. Therefore, the logic keeping track of the state machine is within the specialized instance, without any need to know about it at the debugobject level. The current object active state is changed by calling: debug_object_active_state(addr, descr, expect, next) where "expect" is the expected state and "next" is the next state to move to if the expected state is found. A warning is generated if the expected is not found. Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> CC: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: akpm@linux-foundation.org CC: mingo@elte.hu CC: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com CC: dipankar@in.ibm.com CC: josh@joshtriplett.org CC: dvhltc@us.ibm.com CC: niv@us.ibm.com CC: peterz@infradead.org CC: rostedt@goodmis.org CC: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu CC: dhowells@redhat.com CC: eric.dumazet@gmail.com CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-04-17 08:48:38 -04:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
debugobjects: Move printk out of db->lock critical sections The db->lock is a raw spinlock and so the lock hold time is supposed to be short. This will not be the case when printk() is being involved in some of the critical sections. In order to avoid the long hold time, in case some messages need to be printed, the debug_object_is_on_stack() and debug_print_object() calls are now moved out of those critical sections. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-6-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:50 -04:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
Debugobjects transition check Implement a basic state machine checker in the debugobjects. This state machine checker detects races and inconsistencies within the "active" life of a debugobject. The checker only keeps track of the current state; all the state machine logic is kept at the object instance level. The checker works by adding a supplementary "unsigned int astate" field to the debug_obj structure. It keeps track of the current "active state" of the object. The only constraints that are imposed on the states by the debugobjects system is that: - activation of an object sets the current active state to 0, - deactivation of an object expects the current active state to be 0. For the rest of the states, the state mapping is determined by the specific object instance. Therefore, the logic keeping track of the state machine is within the specialized instance, without any need to know about it at the debugobject level. The current object active state is changed by calling: debug_object_active_state(addr, descr, expect, next) where "expect" is the expected state and "next" is the next state to move to if the expected state is found. A warning is generated if the expected is not found. Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> CC: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: akpm@linux-foundation.org CC: mingo@elte.hu CC: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com CC: dipankar@in.ibm.com CC: josh@joshtriplett.org CC: dvhltc@us.ibm.com CC: niv@us.ibm.com CC: peterz@infradead.org CC: rostedt@goodmis.org CC: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu CC: dhowells@redhat.com CC: eric.dumazet@gmail.com CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-04-17 08:48:38 -04:00
lib/debugobjects: export for use in modules Drivers, or other modules, that use a mixture of objects (especially objects embedded within other objects) would like to take advantage of the debugobjects facilities to help catch misuse. Currently, the debugobjects interface is only available to builtin drivers and requires a set of EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL for use by modules. I am using the debugobjects in i915.ko to try and catch some invalid operations on embedded objects. The problem currently only presents itself across module unload so forcing i915 to be builtin is not an option. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161122143039.6433-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: "Du, Changbin" <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-11-30 15:54:10 -08:00
Debugobjects transition check Implement a basic state machine checker in the debugobjects. This state machine checker detects races and inconsistencies within the "active" life of a debugobject. The checker only keeps track of the current state; all the state machine logic is kept at the object instance level. The checker works by adding a supplementary "unsigned int astate" field to the debug_obj structure. It keeps track of the current "active state" of the object. The only constraints that are imposed on the states by the debugobjects system is that: - activation of an object sets the current active state to 0, - deactivation of an object expects the current active state to be 0. For the rest of the states, the state mapping is determined by the specific object instance. Therefore, the logic keeping track of the state machine is within the specialized instance, without any need to know about it at the debugobject level. The current object active state is changed by calling: debug_object_active_state(addr, descr, expect, next) where "expect" is the expected state and "next" is the next state to move to if the expected state is found. A warning is generated if the expected is not found. Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> CC: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: akpm@linux-foundation.org CC: mingo@elte.hu CC: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com CC: dipankar@in.ibm.com CC: josh@joshtriplett.org CC: dvhltc@us.ibm.com CC: niv@us.ibm.com CC: peterz@infradead.org CC: rostedt@goodmis.org CC: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu CC: dhowells@redhat.com CC: eric.dumazet@gmail.com CC: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-04-17 08:48:38 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Use global free list in __debug_check_no_obj_freed() __debug_check_no_obj_freed() iterates over the to be freed memory region in chunks and iterates over the corresponding hash bucket list for each chunk. This can accumulate to hundred thousands of checked objects. In the worst case this can trigger the soft lockup detector: NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#15 stuck for 22s! CPU: 15 PID: 110342 Comm: stress-ng-getde Call Trace: [<ffffffff8141177e>] debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x13e/0x220 [<ffffffff811f8751>] __free_pages_ok+0x1f1/0x5c0 [<ffffffff811fa785>] __free_pages+0x25/0x40 [<ffffffff812638db>] __free_slab+0x19b/0x270 [<ffffffff812639e9>] discard_slab+0x39/0x50 [<ffffffff812679f7>] __slab_free+0x207/0x270 [<ffffffff81269966>] ___cache_free+0xa6/0xb0 [<ffffffff8126c267>] qlist_free_all+0x47/0x80 [<ffffffff8126c5a9>] quarantine_reduce+0x159/0x190 [<ffffffff8126b3bf>] kasan_kmalloc+0xaf/0xc0 [<ffffffff8126b8a2>] kasan_slab_alloc+0x12/0x20 [<ffffffff81265e8a>] kmem_cache_alloc+0xfa/0x360 [<ffffffff812abc8f>] ? getname_flags+0x4f/0x1f0 [<ffffffff812abc8f>] getname_flags+0x4f/0x1f0 [<ffffffff812abe42>] getname+0x12/0x20 [<ffffffff81298da9>] do_sys_open+0xf9/0x210 [<ffffffff81298ede>] SyS_open+0x1e/0x20 [<ffffffff817d6e01>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xc2 The code path might be called in either atomic or non-atomic context, but in_atomic() can't tell if the current context is atomic or not on a PREEMPT=n kernel, so cond_resched() can't be used to prevent the softlockup. Utilize the global free list to shorten the loop execution time. [ tglx: Massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-5-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:28 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
hlist: drop the node parameter from iterators I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter: hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate. Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required: - Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h - Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones. - A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this was modified to use 'obj->member' instead. - Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator properly, so those had to be fixed up manually. The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here: @@ iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host; type T; expression a,c,d,e; identifier b; statement S; @@ -T b; <+... when != b ( hlist_for_each_entry(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_from(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a, - b, c) S | for_each_busy_worker(a, c, - b, d) S | ax25_uid_for_each(a, - b, c) S | ax25_for_each(a, - b, c) S | inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sctp_for_each_hentry(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_rcu(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_from -(a, b) +(a) S + sk_for_each_from(a) S | sk_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | sk_for_each_bound(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a, - b, c, d, e) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | nr_node_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_node_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S | for_each_host(a, - b, c) S | for_each_host_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | for_each_mesh_entry(a, - b, c, d) S ) ...+> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] [akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes] Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-27 17:06:00 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
debugobjects: Stop accessing objects after releasing hash bucket lock [ Upstream commit 9bb6362652f3f4d74a87d572a91ee1b38e673ef6 ] After release of the hashbucket lock the tracking object can be modified or freed by a concurrent thread. Using it in such a case is error prone, even for printing the object state: 1. T1 tries to deactivate destroyed object, debugobjects detects it, hash bucket lock is released. 2. T2 preempts T1 and frees the tracking object. 3. The freed tracking object is allocated and initialized for a different to be tracked kernel object. 4. T1 resumes and reports error for wrong kernel object. Create a local copy of the tracking object before releasing the hash bucket lock and use the local copy for reporting and fixups to prevent this. Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-debugobjects_fix-v3-1-2bc3bf7084c2@intel.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2023-10-25 23:39:07 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
debugobjects: fix lockdep warning Daniel J. Blueman reported: > ======================================================= > [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ] > 2.6.27-rc4-224c #1 > ------------------------------------------------------- > hald/4680 is trying to acquire lock: > (&n->list_lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff802bfa26>] add_partial+0x26/0x80 > > but task is already holding lock: > (&obj_hash[i].lock){++..}, at: [<ffffffff8041cfdc>] > debug_object_free+0x5c/0x120 We fix it by moving the actual freeing to outside the lock (the lock now only protects the list). The pool lock is also promoted to irq-safe (suggested by Dan). It's necessary because free_pool is now called outside the irq disabled region. So we need to protect against an interrupt handler which calls debug_object_init(). [tglx@linutronix.de: added hlist_move_list helper to avoid looping through the list twice] Reported-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-08-31 23:39:21 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Export max loops counter __debug_check_no_obj_freed() can be an expensive operation depending on the size of memory freed. It already exports the maximum chain walk length via debugfs, but this only records the maximum of a single memory chunk. Though there is no information about the total number of objects inspected for a __debug_check_no_obj_freed() operation, which might be significantly larger when a huge memory region is freed. Aggregate the number of objects inspected for a single invocation of __debug_check_no_obj_freed() and export it via sysfs. The resulting output of /sys/kernel/debug/debug_objects/stats looks like: max_chain :121 max_checked :543267 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1764 pool_min_free :341 pool_used :86438 pool_max_used :268887 objs_allocated:6068254 objs_freed :5981076 [ tglx: Renamed the variable to max_checked and adjusted changelog ] Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-2-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:25 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Export max loops counter __debug_check_no_obj_freed() can be an expensive operation depending on the size of memory freed. It already exports the maximum chain walk length via debugfs, but this only records the maximum of a single memory chunk. Though there is no information about the total number of objects inspected for a __debug_check_no_obj_freed() operation, which might be significantly larger when a huge memory region is freed. Aggregate the number of objects inspected for a single invocation of __debug_check_no_obj_freed() and export it via sysfs. The resulting output of /sys/kernel/debug/debug_objects/stats looks like: max_chain :121 max_checked :543267 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1764 pool_min_free :341 pool_used :86438 pool_max_used :268887 objs_allocated:6068254 objs_freed :5981076 [ tglx: Renamed the variable to max_checked and adjusted changelog ] Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-2-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:25 +08:00
debugobjects: Use global free list in __debug_check_no_obj_freed() __debug_check_no_obj_freed() iterates over the to be freed memory region in chunks and iterates over the corresponding hash bucket list for each chunk. This can accumulate to hundred thousands of checked objects. In the worst case this can trigger the soft lockup detector: NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#15 stuck for 22s! CPU: 15 PID: 110342 Comm: stress-ng-getde Call Trace: [<ffffffff8141177e>] debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x13e/0x220 [<ffffffff811f8751>] __free_pages_ok+0x1f1/0x5c0 [<ffffffff811fa785>] __free_pages+0x25/0x40 [<ffffffff812638db>] __free_slab+0x19b/0x270 [<ffffffff812639e9>] discard_slab+0x39/0x50 [<ffffffff812679f7>] __slab_free+0x207/0x270 [<ffffffff81269966>] ___cache_free+0xa6/0xb0 [<ffffffff8126c267>] qlist_free_all+0x47/0x80 [<ffffffff8126c5a9>] quarantine_reduce+0x159/0x190 [<ffffffff8126b3bf>] kasan_kmalloc+0xaf/0xc0 [<ffffffff8126b8a2>] kasan_slab_alloc+0x12/0x20 [<ffffffff81265e8a>] kmem_cache_alloc+0xfa/0x360 [<ffffffff812abc8f>] ? getname_flags+0x4f/0x1f0 [<ffffffff812abc8f>] getname_flags+0x4f/0x1f0 [<ffffffff812abe42>] getname+0x12/0x20 [<ffffffff81298da9>] do_sys_open+0xf9/0x210 [<ffffffff81298ede>] SyS_open+0x1e/0x20 [<ffffffff817d6e01>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xc2 The code path might be called in either atomic or non-atomic context, but in_atomic() can't tell if the current context is atomic or not on a PREEMPT=n kernel, so cond_resched() can't be used to prevent the softlockup. Utilize the global free list to shorten the loop execution time. [ tglx: Massaged changelog ] Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-5-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:28 +08:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Less aggressive freeing of excess debug objects After a system bootup and 3 parallel kernel builds, a partial output of the debug objects stats file was: pool_free :5101 pool_pcp_free :4181 pool_min_free :220 pool_used :104172 pool_max_used :171920 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:39268280 objs_freed :39160031 More than 39 millions debug objects had since been allocated and then freed. The pool_max_used, however, was only about 172k. So this is a lot of extra overhead in freeing and allocating objects from slabs. It may also causes the slabs to be more fragmented and harder to reclaim. Make the freeing of excess debug objects less aggressive by freeing them at a maximum frequency of 10Hz and about 1k objects at each round of freeing. With that change applied, the partial output of the debug objects stats file after similar actions became: pool_free :5901 pool_pcp_free :3742 pool_min_free :1022 pool_used :104805 pool_max_used :168081 on_free_list :0 objs_allocated:5796864 objs_freed :5687182 Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-5-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:49 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Export max loops counter __debug_check_no_obj_freed() can be an expensive operation depending on the size of memory freed. It already exports the maximum chain walk length via debugfs, but this only records the maximum of a single memory chunk. Though there is no information about the total number of objects inspected for a __debug_check_no_obj_freed() operation, which might be significantly larger when a huge memory region is freed. Aggregate the number of objects inspected for a single invocation of __debug_check_no_obj_freed() and export it via sysfs. The resulting output of /sys/kernel/debug/debug_objects/stats looks like: max_chain :121 max_checked :543267 warnings :0 fixups :0 pool_free :1764 pool_min_free :341 pool_used :86438 pool_max_used :268887 objs_allocated:6068254 objs_freed :5981076 [ tglx: Renamed the variable to max_checked and adjusted changelog ] Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: longman@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1517872708-24207-2-git-send-email-yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com
2018-02-06 07:18:25 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Fix various data races The counters obj_pool_free, and obj_nr_tofree, and the flag obj_freeing are read locklessly outside the pool_lock critical sections. If read with plain accesses, this would result in data races. This is addressed as follows: * reads outside critical sections become READ_ONCE()s (pairing with WRITE_ONCE()s added); * writes become WRITE_ONCE()s (pairing with READ_ONCE()s added); since writes happen inside critical sections, only the write and not the read of RMWs needs to be atomic, thus WRITE_ONCE(var, var +/- X) is sufficient. The data races were reported by KCSAN: BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __free_object / fill_pool write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by interrupt on cpu 1: __free_object+0x1ee/0x8e0 lib/debugobjects.c:404 __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x199/0x330 lib/debugobjects.c:969 debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x3c/0x44 lib/debugobjects.c:994 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1422 [inline] read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 2: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in __debug_object_init / fill_pool read to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: fill_pool+0x3d/0x520 lib/debugobjects.c:135 __debug_object_init+0x3c/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:536 debug_object_init_on_stack+0x39/0x50 lib/debugobjects.c:606 init_timer_on_stack_key kernel/time/timer.c:742 [inline] write to 0xffffffff8beb04f8 of 4 bytes by task 1 on cpu 3: alloc_object lib/debugobjects.c:258 [inline] __debug_object_init+0x717/0x810 lib/debugobjects.c:544 debug_object_init lib/debugobjects.c:591 [inline] debug_object_activate+0x228/0x320 lib/debugobjects.c:677 debug_rcu_head_queue kernel/rcu/rcu.h:176 [inline] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in free_obj_work / free_object read to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 10 on cpu 6: free_object+0x4b/0xd0 lib/debugobjects.c:426 debug_object_free+0x190/0x210 lib/debugobjects.c:824 destroy_timer_on_stack kernel/time/timer.c:749 [inline] write to 0xffffffff9140c190 of 4 bytes by task 93 on cpu 1: free_obj_work+0x24f/0x480 lib/debugobjects.c:313 process_one_work+0x454/0x8d0 kernel/workqueue.c:2264 worker_thread+0x9a/0x780 kernel/workqueue.c:2410 Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw> Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200116185529.11026-1-elver@google.com
2020-01-16 19:55:29 +01:00
debugobjects: Improve variable naming As suggested by Ingo, the debug_objects_alloc counter is now renamed to debug_objects_allocated with minor twist in comment and debug output. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1486503630-1501-1-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-02-07 16:40:30 -05:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE Use DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE macro to simplify the code. [ tglx: Distangled it from the mess in -next ] Signed-off-by: Qinglang Miao <miaoqinglang@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: hch@lst.de Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200716084747.8034-1-miaoqinglang@huawei.com
2020-07-16 16:47:47 +08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: No need to check return value of debugfs_create() When calling debugfs functions, there is no need to ever check the return value. The function can work or not, but the code logic should never do something different based on this. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190612153513.GA21082@kroah.com
2019-06-12 17:35:13 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: No need to check return value of debugfs_create() When calling debugfs functions, there is no need to ever check the return value. The function can work or not, but the code logic should never do something different based on this. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190612153513.GA21082@kroah.com
2019-06-12 17:35:13 +02:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
iommu, debugobjects: avoid gcc-16.1 section mismatch warnings commit 4c9ad387aa2d6785299722e54224d34764edaeb3 upstream. gcc-16 has gained some more advanced inter-procedual optimization techniques that enable it to inline the dummy_tlb_add_page() and dummy_tlb_flush() function pointers into a specialized version of __arm_v7s_unmap: WARNING: modpost: vmlinux: section mismatch in reference: __arm_v7s_unmap+0x2cc (section: .text) -> dummy_tlb_add_page (section: .init.text) ERROR: modpost: Section mismatches detected. >From what I can tell, the transformation is correct, as this is only called when __arm_v7s_unmap() is called from arm_v7s_do_selftests(), which is also __init. Since __arm_v7s_unmap() however is not __init, gcc cannot inline the inner function calls directly. In debug_objects_selftest(), the same thing happens. Both the caller and the leaf function are __init, but the IPA pulls it into a non-init one: WARNING: modpost: vmlinux: section mismatch in reference: lookup_object_or_alloc+0x7c (section: .text.lookup_object_or_alloc) -> is_static_object (section: .init.text) Marking the affected functions as not "__init" would reliably avoid this issue but is not a good solution because it removes an otherwise correct annotation. I tried marking the functions as 'noinline', but that ended up not covering all the affected configurations. With some more experimenting, I found that marking these functions as __attribute__((noipa)) is both logical and reliable. In order to keep the syntax readable, add a custom macro for this in include/linux/compiler_attributes.h next to other related macros and use it to annotate both files. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/abRB6g-48ZX6Yl2r@willie-the-truck/ Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org> Acked-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-05-13 16:53:54 +02:00
debugobjects: insulate non-fixup logic related to static obj from fixup callbacks When activating a static object we need make sure that the object is tracked in the object tracker. If it is a non-static object then the activation is illegal. In previous implementation, each subsystem need take care of this in their fixup callbacks. Actually we can put it into debugobjects core. Thus we can save duplicated code, and have *pure* fixup callbacks. To achieve this, a new callback "is_static_object" is introduced to let the type specific code decide whether a object is static or not. If yes, we take it into object tracker, otherwise give warning and invoke fixup callback. This change has paassed debugobjects selftest, and I also do some test with all debugobjects supports enabled. At last, I have a concern about the fixups that can it change the object which is in incorrect state on fixup? Because the 'addr' may not point to any valid object if a non-static object is not tracked. Then Change such object can overwrite someone's memory and cause unexpected behaviour. For example, the timer_fixup_activate bind timer to function stub_timer. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462576157-14539-1-git-send-email-changbin.du@intel.com [changbin.du@intel.com: improve code comments where invoke the new is_static_object callback] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462777431-8171-1-git-send-email-changbin.du@intel.com Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:41 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: insulate non-fixup logic related to static obj from fixup callbacks When activating a static object we need make sure that the object is tracked in the object tracker. If it is a non-static object then the activation is illegal. In previous implementation, each subsystem need take care of this in their fixup callbacks. Actually we can put it into debugobjects core. Thus we can save duplicated code, and have *pure* fixup callbacks. To achieve this, a new callback "is_static_object" is introduced to let the type specific code decide whether a object is static or not. If yes, we take it into object tracker, otherwise give warning and invoke fixup callback. This change has paassed debugobjects selftest, and I also do some test with all debugobjects supports enabled. At last, I have a concern about the fixups that can it change the object which is in incorrect state on fixup? Because the 'addr' may not point to any valid object if a non-static object is not tracked. Then Change such object can overwrite someone's memory and cause unexpected behaviour. For example, the timer_fixup_activate bind timer to function stub_timer. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462576157-14539-1-git-send-email-changbin.du@intel.com [changbin.du@intel.com: improve code comments where invoke the new is_static_object callback] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462777431-8171-1-git-send-email-changbin.du@intel.com Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:41 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int I am going to introduce debugobjects infrastructure to USB subsystem. But before this, I found the code of debugobjects could be improved. This patchset will make fixup functions return bool type instead of int. Because fixup only need report success or no. boolean is the 'real' type. This patch (of 7): The object debugging infrastructure core provides some fixup callbacks for the subsystem who use it. These callbacks are called from the debug code whenever a problem in debug_object_init is detected. And debugobjects core suppose them returns 1 when the fixup was successful, otherwise 0. So the return type is boolean. A bad thing is that debug_object_fixup use the return value for arithmetic operation. It confused me that what is the reall return type. Reading over the whole code, I found some place do use the return value incorrectly(see next patch). So why use bool type instead? Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:20 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Section mismatch cleanup This patch marks two functions, which only get called at initialization, as __init. Here is also interesting, that modpost doesn't catch here the right function name. WARNING: lib/built-in.o(.text+0x585f): Section mismatch in reference from the function T.506() to the variable .init.data:obj The function T.506() references the variable __initdata obj. This is often because T.506 lacks a __initdata annotation or the annotation of obj is wrong. Signed-off-by: Henrik Kretzschmar <henne@nachtwindheim.de> LKML-Reference: <1269632315-19403-1-git-send-email-henne@nachtwindheim.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2010-03-26 20:38:35 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
Use WARN() in lib/ Use WARN() instead of a printk+WARN_ON() pair; this way the message becomes part of the warning section for better reporting/collection. In addition, one of the if() clauses collapes into the WARN() entirely now. Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-25 19:45:39 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
Use WARN() in lib/ Use WARN() instead of a printk+WARN_ON() pair; this way the message becomes part of the warning section for better reporting/collection. In addition, one of the if() clauses collapes into the WARN() entirely now. Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-25 19:45:39 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
Use WARN() in lib/ Use WARN() instead of a printk+WARN_ON() pair; this way the message becomes part of the warning section for better reporting/collection. In addition, one of the if() clauses collapes into the WARN() entirely now. Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-25 19:45:39 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
Use WARN() in lib/ Use WARN() instead of a printk+WARN_ON() pair; this way the message becomes part of the warning section for better reporting/collection. In addition, one of the if() clauses collapes into the WARN() entirely now. Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-25 19:45:39 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Allow debug_obj_descr to be const The debugobject core could be slightly harder to corrupt if the debug_obj_descr would be a pointer to const memory. Depending on the architecture, const data structures are placed into read-only memory and thus are harder to corrupt or hijack. This descriptor is used to fix up stuff like timers and workqueues when core kernel data structures are busted, so moving the descriptors to read-only memory will make debugobjects more resilient to something going wrong and then corrupting the function pointers inside struct debug_obj_descr. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200815004027.2046113-2-swboyd@chromium.org
2020-08-14 17:40:26 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: insulate non-fixup logic related to static obj from fixup callbacks When activating a static object we need make sure that the object is tracked in the object tracker. If it is a non-static object then the activation is illegal. In previous implementation, each subsystem need take care of this in their fixup callbacks. Actually we can put it into debugobjects core. Thus we can save duplicated code, and have *pure* fixup callbacks. To achieve this, a new callback "is_static_object" is introduced to let the type specific code decide whether a object is static or not. If yes, we take it into object tracker, otherwise give warning and invoke fixup callback. This change has paassed debugobjects selftest, and I also do some test with all debugobjects supports enabled. At last, I have a concern about the fixups that can it change the object which is in incorrect state on fixup? Because the 'addr' may not point to any valid object if a non-static object is not tracked. Then Change such object can overwrite someone's memory and cause unexpected behaviour. For example, the timer_fixup_activate bind timer to function stub_timer. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462576157-14539-1-git-send-email-changbin.du@intel.com [changbin.du@intel.com: improve code comments where invoke the new is_static_object callback] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462777431-8171-1-git-send-email-changbin.du@intel.com Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-19 17:09:41 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Fix selftest for static warnings debugobjects is now printing a warning when a fixup for a NOTAVAILABLE object is run. This causes the selftest to fail like: ODEBUG: selftest warnings failed 4 != 5 We could just increase the number of warnings that the selftest is expecting to see because that is actually what has changed. But, it turns out that fixup_activate() was written with inverted logic and thus a fixup for a static object returned 1 indicating the object had been fixed, and 0 otherwise. Fix the logic to be correct and update the counts to reflect that nothing needed fixing for a static object. Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Reported-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-05 14:59:17 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
lib/debugobjects.c: add pr_fmt to logging Add ODEBUG: prefix to pr_fmt Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:06:04 -07:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to raw_spinlocks. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-17 18:11:28 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
debugobjects: Section mismatch cleanup This patch marks two functions, which only get called at initialization, as __init. Here is also interesting, that modpost doesn't catch here the right function name. WARNING: lib/built-in.o(.text+0x585f): Section mismatch in reference from the function T.506() to the variable .init.data:obj The function T.506() references the variable __initdata obj. This is often because T.506 lacks a __initdata annotation or the annotation of obj is wrong. Signed-off-by: Henrik Kretzschmar <henne@nachtwindheim.de> LKML-Reference: <1269632315-19403-1-git-send-email-henne@nachtwindheim.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2010-03-26 20:38:35 +01:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
hlist: drop the node parameter from iterators I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter: hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate. Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required: - Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h - Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones. - A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this was modified to use 'obj->member' instead. - Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator properly, so those had to be fixed up manually. The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here: @@ iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host; type T; expression a,c,d,e; identifier b; statement S; @@ -T b; <+... when != b ( hlist_for_each_entry(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_from(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a, - b, c) S | for_each_busy_worker(a, c, - b, d) S | ax25_uid_for_each(a, - b, c) S | ax25_for_each(a, - b, c) S | inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sctp_for_each_hentry(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_rcu(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_from -(a, b) +(a) S + sk_for_each_from(a) S | sk_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | sk_for_each_bound(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a, - b, c, d, e) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | nr_node_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_node_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S | for_each_host(a, - b, c) S | for_each_host_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | for_each_mesh_entry(a, - b, c, d) S ) ...+> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] [akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes] Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-27 17:06:00 -08:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
lib/debugobjects: fix stat count and optimize debug_objects_mem_init [ Upstream commit eabb7f1ace53e127309407b2b5e74e8199e85270 ] 1. Var debug_objects_allocated tracks valid kmem_cache_alloc calls, so track it in debug_objects_replace_static_objects. Do similar things in object_cpu_offline. 2. In debug_objects_mem_init, there is no need to call function cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls when debug_objects_enabled = 0 (out of memory). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220611130634.99741-1-wuchi.zero@gmail.com Fixes: 634d61f45d6f ("debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation") Fixes: c4b73aabd098 ("debugobjects: Track number of kmem_cache_alloc/kmem_cache_free done") Signed-off-by: wuchi <wuchi.zero@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-11 21:06:34 +08:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
debugobjects: call debug_objects_mem_init eariler The current value of the early boot static pool size, 1024 is not big enough for systems with large number of CPUs with timer or/and workqueue objects selected. As the results, systems have 60+ CPUs with both timer and workqueue objects enabled could trigger "ODEBUG: Out of memory. ODEBUG disabled". Some debug objects are allocated during the early boot. Enabling some options like timers or workqueue objects may increase the size required significantly with large number of CPUs. For example, CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_TIMERS: No. CPUs x 2 (worker pool) objects: start_kernel workqueue_init_early init_worker_pool init_timer_key debug_object_init plus No. CPUs objects (CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS): sched_init hrtick_rq_init hrtimer_init CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_WORK: No. CPUs objects: vmalloc_init __init_work plus No. CPUs x 6 (workqueue) objects: workqueue_init_early alloc_workqueue __alloc_workqueue_key alloc_and_link_pwqs init_pwq Also, plus No. CPUs objects: perf_event_init __init_srcu_struct init_srcu_struct_fields init_srcu_struct_nodes __init_work However, none of the things are actually used or required before debug_objects_mem_init() is invoked, so just move the call right before vmalloc_init(). According to tglx, "the reason why the call is at this place in start_kernel() is historical. It's because back in the days when debugobjects were added the memory allocator was enabled way later than today." Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181126102407.1836-1-cai@gmx.us Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-12-28 00:32:32 -08:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
hlist: drop the node parameter from iterators I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter: hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate. Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required: - Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h - Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones. - A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this was modified to use 'obj->member' instead. - Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator properly, so those had to be fixed up manually. The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here: @@ iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host; type T; expression a,c,d,e; identifier b; statement S; @@ -T b; <+... when != b ( hlist_for_each_entry(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_from(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a, - b, c) S | for_each_busy_worker(a, c, - b, d) S | ax25_uid_for_each(a, - b, c) S | ax25_for_each(a, - b, c) S | inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sctp_for_each_hentry(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_rcu(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_from -(a, b) +(a) S + sk_for_each_from(a) S | sk_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | sk_for_each_bound(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a, - b, c, d, e) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | nr_node_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_node_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S | for_each_host(a, - b, c) S | for_each_host_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | for_each_mesh_entry(a, - b, c, d) S ) ...+> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] [akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes] Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-27 17:06:00 -08:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
hlist: drop the node parameter from iterators I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter: hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate. Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required: - Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h - Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones. - A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this was modified to use 'obj->member' instead. - Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator properly, so those had to be fixed up manually. The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here: @@ iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host; type T; expression a,c,d,e; identifier b; statement S; @@ -T b; <+... when != b ( hlist_for_each_entry(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_from(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a, - b, c) S | for_each_busy_worker(a, c, - b, d) S | ax25_uid_for_each(a, - b, c) S | ax25_for_each(a, - b, c) S | inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sctp_for_each_hentry(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_rcu(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_from -(a, b) +(a) S + sk_for_each_from(a) S | sk_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | sk_for_each_bound(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a, - b, c, d, e) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | nr_node_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_node_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S | for_each_host(a, - b, c) S | for_each_host_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | for_each_mesh_entry(a, - b, c, d) S ) ...+> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] [akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes] Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-27 17:06:00 -08:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
lib/debugobjects.c: convert printk(KERN_DEBUG to pr_debug Direct conversion of one KERN_DEBUG message without DEBUG definition (suggested by Josh Triplett) That message will now be disabled by default. (see Documentation/CodingStyle Chapter 13) Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:06:05 -07:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
hlist: drop the node parameter from iterators I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter: hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate. Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required: - Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h - Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones. - A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this was modified to use 'obj->member' instead. - Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator properly, so those had to be fixed up manually. The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here: @@ iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host; type T; expression a,c,d,e; identifier b; statement S; @@ -T b; <+... when != b ( hlist_for_each_entry(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_from(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a, - b, c, d) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a, - b, c) S | for_each_busy_worker(a, c, - b, d) S | ax25_uid_for_each(a, - b, c) S | ax25_for_each(a, - b, c) S | inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sctp_for_each_hentry(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_rcu(a, - b, c) S | sk_for_each_from -(a, b) +(a) S + sk_for_each_from(a) S | sk_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | sk_for_each_bound(a, - b, c) S | hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a, - b, c, d, e) S | hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | nr_node_for_each(a, - b, c) S | nr_node_for_each_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S | - for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S + for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S | for_each_host(a, - b, c) S | for_each_host_safe(a, - b, c, d) S | for_each_mesh_entry(a, - b, c, d) S ) ...+> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings] [akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes] Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com> Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-27 17:06:00 -08:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Add percpu free pools When a multi-threaded workload does a lot of small memory object allocations and deallocations, it may cause the allocation and freeing of many debug objects. This will make the global pool_lock a bottleneck in the performance of the workload. Since interrupts are disabled when acquiring the pool_lock, it may even cause hard lockups to happen. To reduce contention of the global pool_lock, add a percpu debug object free pool that can be used to buffer some of the debug object allocation and freeing requests without acquiring the pool_lock. Each CPU will now have a percpu free pool that can hold up to a maximum of 64 debug objects. Allocation and freeing requests will go to the percpu free pool first. If that fails, the pool_lock will be taken and the global free pool will be used. The presence or absence of obj_cache is used as a marker to see if the percpu cache should be used. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-2-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:46 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: avoid recursive calls with kmemleak CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD does not play well with kmemleak due to recursive calls. fill_pool kmemleak_ignore make_black_object put_object __call_rcu (kernel/rcu/tree.c) debug_rcu_head_queue debug_object_activate debug_object_init fill_pool kmemleak_ignore make_black_object ... So add SLAB_NOLEAKTRACE to kmem_cache_create() to not register newly allocated debug objects at all. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181126165343.2339-1-cai@gmx.us Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Suggested-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Acked-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-11-30 14:09:48 -08:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Remove redundant NULL pointer check kmem_cache_destroy() has a built in NULL pointer check, so the one at the call can be removed. Signed-off-by: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: <longman@redhat.com> Cc: <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1533054298-35824-1-git-send-email-zhongjiang@huawei.com
2018-08-01 00:24:58 +08:00
lib/debugobjects.c: add pr_fmt to logging Add ODEBUG: prefix to pr_fmt Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:06:04 -07:00
lib/debugobjects: fix stat count and optimize debug_objects_mem_init [ Upstream commit eabb7f1ace53e127309407b2b5e74e8199e85270 ] 1. Var debug_objects_allocated tracks valid kmem_cache_alloc calls, so track it in debug_objects_replace_static_objects. Do similar things in object_cpu_offline. 2. In debug_objects_mem_init, there is no need to call function cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls when debug_objects_enabled = 0 (out of memory). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220611130634.99741-1-wuchi.zero@gmail.com Fixes: 634d61f45d6f ("debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation") Fixes: c4b73aabd098 ("debugobjects: Track number of kmem_cache_alloc/kmem_cache_free done") Signed-off-by: wuchi <wuchi.zero@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
2022-06-11 21:06:34 +08:00
debugobjects: replace static objects when slab cache becomes available Impact: refactor/consolidate object management, prepare for delayed free debugobjects allocates static reference objects to track objects which are initialized or activated before the slab cache becomes available. These static reference objects have to be handled seperately in free_object(). The handling of these objects is in the way of implementing a delayed free functionality. The delayed free is required to avoid callbacks into the mm code from debug_check_no_obj_freed(). Replace the static object references with dynamic ones after the slab cache has been initialized. The static objects are now marked initdata. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <200903162049.58058.nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
2009-03-16 18:53:18 +01:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
debugobjects: Free per CPU pool after CPU unplug If a CPU is offlined the debug objects per CPU pool is not cleaned up. If the CPU is never onlined again then the objects in the pool are wasted. Add a CPU hotplug callback which is invoked after the CPU is dead to free the pool. [ tglx: Massaged changelog and added comment about remote access safety ] Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang.zhang@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200908062709.11441-1-qiang.zhang@windriver.com
2020-09-08 14:27:09 +08:00
debugobjects: Percpu pool lookahead freeing/allocation Most workloads will allocate a bunch of memory objects, work on them and then freeing all or most of them. So just having a percpu free pool may not reduce the pool_lock contention significantly if large number of objects are being used. To help those situations, we are now doing lookahead allocation and freeing of the debug objects into and out of the percpu free pool. This will hopefully reduce the number of times the pool_lock needs to be taken and hence its contention level. Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: "Joel Fernandes (Google)" <joel@joelfernandes.org> Cc: Qian Cai <cai@gmx.us> Cc: Zhong Jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190520141450.7575-3-longman@redhat.com
2019-05-20 10:14:47 -04:00
infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects We can see an ever repeating problem pattern with objects of any kind in the kernel: 1) freeing of active objects 2) reinitialization of active objects Both problems can be hard to debug because the crash happens at a point where we have no chance to decode the root cause anymore. One problem spot are kernel timers, where the detection of the problem often happens in interrupt context and usually causes the machine to panic. While working on a timer related bug report I had to hack specialized code into the timer subsystem to get a reasonable hint for the root cause. This debug hack was fine for temporary use, but far from a mergeable solution due to the intrusiveness into the timer code. The code further lacked the ability to detect and report the root cause instantly and keep the system operational. Keeping the system operational is important to get hold of the debug information without special debugging aids like serial consoles and special knowledge of the bug reporter. The problems described above are not restricted to timers, but timers tend to expose it usually in a full system crash. Other objects are less explosive, but the symptoms caused by such mistakes can be even harder to debug. Instead of creating specialized debugging code for the timer subsystem a generic infrastructure is created which allows developers to verify their code and provides an easy to enable debug facility for users in case of trouble. The debugobjects core code keeps track of operations on static and dynamic objects by inserting them into a hashed list and sanity checking them on object operations and provides additional checks whenever kernel memory is freed. The tracked object operations are: - initializing an object - adding an object to a subsystem list - deleting an object from a subsystem list Each operation is sanity checked before the operation is executed and the subsystem specific code can provide a fixup function which allows to prevent the damage of the operation. When the sanity check triggers a warning message and a stack trace is printed. The list of operations can be extended if the need arises. For now it's limited to the requirements of the first user (timers). The core code enqueues the objects into hash buckets. The hash index is generated from the address of the object to simplify the lookup for the check on kfree/vfree. Each bucket has it's own spinlock to avoid contention on a global lock. The debug code can be compiled in without being active. The runtime overhead is minimal and could be optimized by asm alternatives. A kernel command line option enables the debugging code. Thanks to Ingo Molnar for review, suggestions and cleanup patches. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00