2019-05-19 13:07:45 +01:00
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2018-07-31 13:39:31 +02:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:49 -07:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2006-12-06 20:36:38 -08:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2012-05-10 04:30:45 +02:00
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2016-10-18 10:12:27 -02:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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printk: Add caller information to printk() output.
Sometimes we want to print a series of printk() messages to consoles
without being disturbed by concurrent printk() from interrupts and/or
other threads. But we can't enforce printk() callers to use their local
buffers because we need to ask them to make too much changes. Also, even
buffering up to one line inside printk() might cause failing to emit
an important clue under critical situation.
Therefore, instead of trying to help buffering, let's try to help
reconstructing messages by saving caller information as of calling
log_store() and adding it as "[T$thread_id]" or "[C$processor_id]"
upon printing to consoles.
Some examples for console output:
[ 1.222773][ T1] x86: Booting SMP configuration:
[ 2.779635][ T1] pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01]
[ 5.069193][ T268] Fusion MPT base driver 3.04.20
[ 9.316504][ C2] random: fast init done
[ 13.413336][ T3355] Initialized host personality
Some examples for /dev/kmsg output:
6,496,1222773,-,caller=T1;x86: Booting SMP configuration:
6,968,2779635,-,caller=T1;pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01]
SUBSYSTEM=pci
DEVICE=+pci:0000:00:01.0
6,1353,5069193,-,caller=T268;Fusion MPT base driver 3.04.20
5,1526,9316504,-,caller=C2;random: fast init done
6,1575,13413336,-,caller=T3355;Initialized host personality
Note that this patch changes max length of messages which can be printed
by printk() or written to /dev/kmsg interface from 992 bytes to 976 bytes,
based on an assumption that userspace won't try to write messages hitting
that border line to /dev/kmsg interface.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/93f19e57-5051-c67d-9af4-b17624062d44@i-love.sakura.ne.jp
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: syzkaller <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
2018-12-18 06:05:04 +09:00
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2016-12-12 16:45:56 -08:00
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2016-12-19 16:23:15 -08:00
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2016-12-12 16:45:56 -08:00
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2018-06-19 13:57:26 +02:00
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2014-08-06 16:09:01 -07:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:23 -07:00
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2016-12-12 16:45:56 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:49 -07:00
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2020-02-10 13:11:42 -08:00
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2020-06-07 21:40:14 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:49 -07:00
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2020-02-10 13:11:42 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:49 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:08 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:49 -07:00
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2017-03-16 09:37:32 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:49 -07:00
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2020-06-07 21:40:14 -07:00
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printf: add support for printing symbolic error names
It has been suggested several times to extend vsnprintf() to be able
to convert the numeric value of ENOSPC to print "ENOSPC". This
implements that as a %p extension: With %pe, one can do
if (IS_ERR(foo)) {
pr_err("Sorry, can't do that: %pe\n", foo);
return PTR_ERR(foo);
}
instead of what is seen in quite a few places in the kernel:
if (IS_ERR(foo)) {
pr_err("Sorry, can't do that: %ld\n", PTR_ERR(foo));
return PTR_ERR(foo);
}
If the value passed to %pe is an ERR_PTR, but the library function
errname() added here doesn't know about the value, the value is simply
printed in decimal. If the value passed to %pe is not an ERR_PTR, we
treat it as an ordinary %p and thus print the hashed value (passing
non-ERR_PTR values to %pe indicates a bug in the caller, but we can't
do much about that).
With my embedded hat on, and because it's not very invasive to do,
I've made it possible to remove this. The errname() function and
associated lookup tables take up about 3K. For most, that's probably
quite acceptable and a price worth paying for more readable
dmesg (once this starts getting used), while for those that disable
printk() it's of very little use - I don't see a
procfs/sysfs/seq_printf() file reasonably making use of this - and
they clearly want to squeeze vmlinux as much as possible. Hence the
default y if PRINTK.
The symbols to include have been found by massaging the output of
find arch include -iname 'errno*.h' | xargs grep -E 'define\s*E'
In the cases where some common aliasing exists
(e.g. EAGAIN=EWOULDBLOCK on all platforms, EDEADLOCK=EDEADLK on most),
I've moved the more popular one (in terms of 'git grep -w Efoo | wc)
to the bottom so that one takes precedence.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191015190706.15989-1-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
To: "Jonathan Corbet" <corbet@lwn.net>
To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: "Andy Shevchenko" <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Cc: "Andrew Morton" <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "Joe Perches" <joe@perches.com>
Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Acked-by: Uwe Kleine-König <uwe@kleine-koenig.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
[andy.shevchenko@gmail.com: use abs()]
Acked-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
2019-10-15 21:07:05 +02:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:03 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:49 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2014-02-04 12:20:01 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:08 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2020-05-26 10:18:29 -07:00
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2014-07-30 20:50:18 +02:00
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2018-03-07 23:30:54 +01:00
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2019-02-22 16:56:09 +09:00
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2014-07-30 20:50:18 +02:00
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2014-07-30 20:50:19 +02:00
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2019-02-22 16:56:09 +09:00
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2014-07-30 20:50:19 +02:00
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kbuild: add ability to generate BTF type info for vmlinux
This patch adds new config option to trigger generation of BTF type
information from DWARF debuginfo for vmlinux and kernel modules through
pahole, which in turn relies on libbpf for btf_dedup() algorithm.
The intent is to record compact type information of all types used
inside kernel, including all the structs/unions/typedefs/etc. This
enables BPF's compile-once-run-everywhere ([0]) approach, in which
tracing programs that are inspecting kernel's internal data (e.g.,
struct task_struct) can be compiled on a system running some kernel
version, but would be possible to run on other kernel versions (and
configurations) without recompilation, even if the layout of structs
changed and/or some of the fields were added, removed, or renamed.
This is only possible if BPF loader can get kernel type info to adjust
all the offsets correctly. This patch is a first time in this direction,
making sure that BTF type info is part of Linux kernel image in
non-loadable ELF section.
BTF deduplication ([1]) algorithm typically provides 100x savings
compared to DWARF data, so resulting .BTF section is not big as is
typically about 2MB in size.
[0] http://vger.kernel.org/lpc-bpf2018.html#session-2
[1] https://facebookmicrosites.github.io/bpf/blog/2018/11/14/btf-enhancement.html
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Cc: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
2019-04-02 09:49:50 -07:00
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2020-04-02 23:41:39 +03:00
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kbuild: add ability to generate BTF type info for vmlinux
This patch adds new config option to trigger generation of BTF type
information from DWARF debuginfo for vmlinux and kernel modules through
pahole, which in turn relies on libbpf for btf_dedup() algorithm.
The intent is to record compact type information of all types used
inside kernel, including all the structs/unions/typedefs/etc. This
enables BPF's compile-once-run-everywhere ([0]) approach, in which
tracing programs that are inspecting kernel's internal data (e.g.,
struct task_struct) can be compiled on a system running some kernel
version, but would be possible to run on other kernel versions (and
configurations) without recompilation, even if the layout of structs
changed and/or some of the fields were added, removed, or renamed.
This is only possible if BPF loader can get kernel type info to adjust
all the offsets correctly. This patch is a first time in this direction,
making sure that BTF type info is part of Linux kernel image in
non-loadable ELF section.
BTF deduplication ([1]) algorithm typically provides 100x savings
compared to DWARF data, so resulting .BTF section is not big as is
typically about 2MB in size.
[0] http://vger.kernel.org/lpc-bpf2018.html#session-2
[1] https://facebookmicrosites.github.io/bpf/blog/2018/11/14/btf-enhancement.html
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Cc: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
2019-04-02 09:49:50 -07:00
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2015-02-17 13:46:36 -08:00
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2016-12-14 15:05:40 -08:00
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2015-02-17 13:46:36 -08:00
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2006-08-14 22:43:18 -07:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2008-02-22 15:15:03 +01:00
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2020-02-17 00:19:36 +09:00
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2008-02-22 15:15:03 +01:00
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2016-10-27 17:46:41 -07:00
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2017-09-11 21:41:43 +02:00
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2008-02-22 15:15:03 +01:00
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2009-09-18 12:49:22 -07:00
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2012-03-28 11:51:18 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:08 -08:00
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2006-12-10 02:18:37 -08:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:08 -08:00
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2006-12-10 02:18:37 -08:00
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2019-06-04 19:13:59 +09:00
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2006-12-10 02:18:37 -08:00
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2019-06-04 19:13:59 +09:00
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2008-01-21 21:31:44 +01:00
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2011-04-17 04:08:48 +00:00
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2008-01-21 21:31:44 +01:00
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2011-04-17 04:08:48 +00:00
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2013-06-19 14:53:51 -04:00
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2008-01-30 11:13:23 +01:00
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2011-04-17 04:08:48 +00:00
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kbuild: create *.mod with full directory path and remove MODVERDIR
While descending directories, Kbuild produces objects for modules,
but do not link final *.ko files; it is done in the modpost.
To keep track of modules, Kbuild creates a *.mod file in $(MODVERDIR)
for every module it is building. Some post-processing steps read the
necessary information from *.mod files. This avoids descending into
directories again. This mechanism was introduced in 2003 or so.
Later, commit 551559e13af1 ("kbuild: implement modules.order") added
modules.order. So, we can simply read it out to know all the modules
with directory paths. This is easier than parsing the first line of
*.mod files.
$(MODVERDIR) has a flat directory structure, that is, *.mod files
are named only with base names. This is based on the assumption that
the module name is unique across the tree. This assumption is really
fragile.
Stephen Rothwell reported a race condition caused by a module name
conflict:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/5/13/991
In parallel building, two different threads could write to the same
$(MODVERDIR)/*.mod simultaneously.
Non-unique module names are the source of all kind of troubles, hence
commit 3a48a91901c5 ("kbuild: check uniqueness of module names")
introduced a new checker script.
However, it is still fragile in the build system point of view because
this race happens before scripts/modules-check.sh is invoked. If it
happens again, the modpost will emit unclear error messages.
To fix this issue completely, create *.mod with full directory path
so that two threads never attempt to write to the same file.
$(MODVERDIR) is no longer needed.
Since modules with directory paths are listed in modules.order, Kbuild
is still able to find *.mod files without additional descending.
I also killed cmd_secanalysis; scripts/mod/sumversion.c computes MD4 hash
for modules with MODULE_VERSION(). When CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH=y,
it occurs not only in the modpost stage, but also during directory
descending, where sumversion.c may parse stale *.mod files. It would emit
'No such file or directory' warning when an object consisting a module is
renamed, or when a single-obj module is turned into a multi-obj module or
vice versa.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>
2019-07-17 15:17:57 +09:00
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2011-04-17 04:08:48 +00:00
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2008-01-21 21:31:44 +01:00
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2011-04-17 04:08:48 +00:00
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2008-01-21 21:31:44 +01:00
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2015-10-06 09:44:42 +10:30
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./Makefile: add debug option to enable function aligned on 32 bytes
Recently 0day reported many strange performance changes (regression or
improvement), in which there was no obvious relation between the culprit
commit and the benchmark at the first look, and it causes people to doubt
the test itself is wrong.
Upon further check, many of these cases are caused by the change to the
alignment of kernel text or data, as whole text/data of kernel are linked
together, change in one domain may affect alignments of other domains.
gcc has an option '-falign-functions=n' to force text aligned, and with
that option enabled, some of those performance changes will be gone, like
[1][2][3].
Add this option so that developers and 0day can easily find performance
bump caused by text alignment change, as tracking these strange bump is
quite time consuming. Though it can't help in other cases like data
alignment changes like [4].
Following is some size data for v5.7 kernel built with a RHEL config used
in 0day:
text data bss dec filename
19738771 13292906 5554236 38585913 vmlinux.noalign
19758591 13297002 5529660 38585253 vmlinux.align32
Raw vmlinux size in bytes:
v5.7 v5.7+align32
253950832 254018000 +0.02%
Some benchmark data, most of them have no big change:
* hackbench: [ -1.8%, +0.5%]
* fsmark: [ -3.2%, +3.4%] # ext4/xfs/btrfs
* kbuild: [ -2.0%, +0.9%]
* will-it-scale: [ -0.5%, +1.8%] # mmap1/pagefault3
* netperf:
- TCP_CRR [+16.6%, +97.4%]
- TCP_RR [-18.5%, -1.8%]
- TCP_STREAM [ -1.1%, +1.9%]
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200114085637.GA29297@shao2-debian/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200330011254.GA14393@feng-iot/
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1d98d1f0-fe84-6df7-f5bd-f4cb2cdb7f45@intel.com/
[4] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200205123216.GO12867@shao2-debian/
Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1595475001-90945-1-git-send-email-feng.tang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-08-11 18:34:13 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2006-01-09 20:54:51 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2018-03-07 23:30:54 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2007-02-12 00:52:00 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2007-02-12 00:52:00 -08:00
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2016-02-28 22:22:42 -06:00
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2017-07-24 18:36:57 -05:00
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2017-10-13 15:02:00 -05:00
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2017-07-24 18:36:57 -05:00
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2016-02-28 22:22:42 -06:00
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2020-03-18 13:33:54 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2005-09-06 15:16:27 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2005-09-06 15:16:27 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2005-09-06 15:16:27 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2012-02-09 17:42:21 -05:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2005-09-06 15:16:27 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:42 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:46 -07:00
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2017-03-16 09:37:32 +01:00
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2005-09-06 15:16:27 -07:00
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2013-10-07 01:05:46 +01:00
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2017-03-16 09:37:32 +01:00
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2013-10-07 01:05:46 +01:00
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2016-12-22 08:31:34 +01:00
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2020-03-02 17:51:35 +00:00
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2020-03-06 15:31:56 +00:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:06 -08:00
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2020-07-16 09:15:11 +02:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:42 -08:00
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2006-01-09 20:54:51 -08:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07:00
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2006-01-09 20:54:51 -08:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07:00
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2019-05-14 15:44:00 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07:00
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2018-12-11 20:01:04 +09:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2008-05-12 21:21:04 +02:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2008-05-12 21:21:04 +02:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2008-05-12 21:21:04 +02:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2008-04-30 00:55:01 -07:00
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2008-04-30 00:55:03 -07:00
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2009-11-16 01:09:48 +09:00
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2010-04-17 08:48:42 -04:00
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2011-02-23 09:42:14 -08:00
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2010-04-17 08:48:42 -04:00
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2010-10-26 14:23:05 -07:00
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2008-11-26 10:02:00 +01:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:08 -08:00
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2008-11-26 10:02:00 +01:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2006-03-25 03:07:22 -08:00
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2017-11-15 17:36:02 -08:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07:00
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2017-11-15 17:36:02 -08:00
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2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07:00
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2008-02-07 17:47:41 -08:00
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2010-10-05 13:57:26 -05:00
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2008-02-07 17:47:41 -08:00
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2012-10-08 16:28:11 -07:00
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2009-06-11 13:24:13 +01:00
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2013-01-16 18:54:16 -08:00
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2011-04-27 17:06:19 +01:00
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2009-06-11 13:24:13 +01:00
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2009-11-06 15:33:45 -08:00
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2009-06-11 13:24:13 +01:00
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2016-12-14 15:05:40 -08:00
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2009-06-11 13:24:13 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2019-09-23 15:34:05 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2019-09-23 15:34:10 -07:00
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2019-09-23 15:33:55 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2019-09-23 15:34:05 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2018-12-28 00:38:54 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2016-03-19 17:54:10 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:57 -08:00
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mm/debug: add tests validating architecture page table helpers
This adds tests which will validate architecture page table helpers and
other accessors in their compliance with expected generic MM semantics.
This will help various architectures in validating changes to existing
page table helpers or addition of new ones.
This test covers basic page table entry transformations including but not
limited to old, young, dirty, clean, write, write protect etc at various
level along with populating intermediate entries with next page table page
and validating them.
Test page table pages are allocated from system memory with required size
and alignments. The mapped pfns at page table levels are derived from a
real pfn representing a valid kernel text symbol. This test gets called
via late_initcall().
This test gets built and run when CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_PGTABLE is selected.
Any architecture, which is willing to subscribe this test will need to
select ARCH_HAS_DEBUG_VM_PGTABLE. For now this is limited to arc, arm64,
x86, s390 and powerpc platforms where the test is known to build and run
successfully Going forward, other architectures too can subscribe the test
after fixing any build or runtime problems with their page table helpers.
Folks interested in making sure that a given platform's page table helpers
conform to expected generic MM semantics should enable the above config
which will just trigger this test during boot. Any non conformity here
will be reported as an warning which would need to be fixed. This test
will help catch any changes to the agreed upon semantics expected from
generic MM and enable platforms to accommodate it thereafter.
[anshuman.khandual@arm.com: v17]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1587436495-22033-3-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
[anshuman.khandual@arm.com: v18]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1588564865-31160-3-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
Suggested-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Tested-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com> [s390]
Tested-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr> [ppc32]
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1583919272-24178-1-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-06-04 16:47:15 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:08 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2014-06-04 16:06:46 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2014-04-18 15:07:22 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2016-01-15 16:51:21 -08:00
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mm/debug: add tests validating architecture page table helpers
This adds tests which will validate architecture page table helpers and
other accessors in their compliance with expected generic MM semantics.
This will help various architectures in validating changes to existing
page table helpers or addition of new ones.
This test covers basic page table entry transformations including but not
limited to old, young, dirty, clean, write, write protect etc at various
level along with populating intermediate entries with next page table page
and validating them.
Test page table pages are allocated from system memory with required size
and alignments. The mapped pfns at page table levels are derived from a
real pfn representing a valid kernel text symbol. This test gets called
via late_initcall().
This test gets built and run when CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_PGTABLE is selected.
Any architecture, which is willing to subscribe this test will need to
select ARCH_HAS_DEBUG_VM_PGTABLE. For now this is limited to arc, arm64,
x86, s390 and powerpc platforms where the test is known to build and run
successfully Going forward, other architectures too can subscribe the test
after fixing any build or runtime problems with their page table helpers.
Folks interested in making sure that a given platform's page table helpers
conform to expected generic MM semantics should enable the above config
which will just trigger this test during boot. Any non conformity here
will be reported as an warning which would need to be fixed. This test
will help catch any changes to the agreed upon semantics expected from
generic MM and enable platforms to accommodate it thereafter.
[anshuman.khandual@arm.com: v17]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1587436495-22033-3-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
[anshuman.khandual@arm.com: v18]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1588564865-31160-3-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
Suggested-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Tested-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com> [s390]
Tested-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr> [ppc32]
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1583919272-24178-1-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-06-04 16:47:15 -07:00
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2017-01-10 13:35:40 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2017-01-10 13:35:40 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2014-04-14 18:55:50 +02:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2020-06-14 01:50:22 +09:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2015-01-25 19:50:34 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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kasan: add kernel address sanitizer infrastructure
Kernel Address sanitizer (KASan) is a dynamic memory error detector. It
provides fast and comprehensive solution for finding use-after-free and
out-of-bounds bugs.
KASAN uses compile-time instrumentation for checking every memory access,
therefore GCC > v4.9.2 required. v4.9.2 almost works, but has issues with
putting symbol aliases into the wrong section, which breaks kasan
instrumentation of globals.
This patch only adds infrastructure for kernel address sanitizer. It's
not available for use yet. The idea and some code was borrowed from [1].
Basic idea:
The main idea of KASAN is to use shadow memory to record whether each byte
of memory is safe to access or not, and use compiler's instrumentation to
check the shadow memory on each memory access.
Address sanitizer uses 1/8 of the memory addressable in kernel for shadow
memory and uses direct mapping with a scale and offset to translate a
memory address to its corresponding shadow address.
Here is function to translate address to corresponding shadow address:
unsigned long kasan_mem_to_shadow(unsigned long addr)
{
return (addr >> KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET;
}
where KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT = 3.
So for every 8 bytes there is one corresponding byte of shadow memory.
The following encoding used for each shadow byte: 0 means that all 8 bytes
of the corresponding memory region are valid for access; k (1 <= k <= 7)
means that the first k bytes are valid for access, and other (8 - k) bytes
are not; Any negative value indicates that the entire 8-bytes are
inaccessible. Different negative values used to distinguish between
different kinds of inaccessible memory (redzones, freed memory) (see
mm/kasan/kasan.h).
To be able to detect accesses to bad memory we need a special compiler.
Such compiler inserts a specific function calls (__asan_load*(addr),
__asan_store*(addr)) before each memory access of size 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16.
These functions check whether memory region is valid to access or not by
checking corresponding shadow memory. If access is not valid an error
printed.
Historical background of the address sanitizer from Dmitry Vyukov:
"We've developed the set of tools, AddressSanitizer (Asan),
ThreadSanitizer and MemorySanitizer, for user space. We actively use
them for testing inside of Google (continuous testing, fuzzing,
running prod services). To date the tools have found more than 10'000
scary bugs in Chromium, Google internal codebase and various
open-source projects (Firefox, OpenSSL, gcc, clang, ffmpeg, MySQL and
lots of others): [2] [3] [4].
The tools are part of both gcc and clang compilers.
We have not yet done massive testing under the Kernel AddressSanitizer
(it's kind of chicken and egg problem, you need it to be upstream to
start applying it extensively). To date it has found about 50 bugs.
Bugs that we've found in upstream kernel are listed in [5].
We've also found ~20 bugs in out internal version of the kernel. Also
people from Samsung and Oracle have found some.
[...]
As others noted, the main feature of AddressSanitizer is its
performance due to inline compiler instrumentation and simple linear
shadow memory. User-space Asan has ~2x slowdown on computational
programs and ~2x memory consumption increase. Taking into account that
kernel usually consumes only small fraction of CPU and memory when
running real user-space programs, I would expect that kernel Asan will
have ~10-30% slowdown and similar memory consumption increase (when we
finish all tuning).
I agree that Asan can well replace kmemcheck. We have plans to start
working on Kernel MemorySanitizer that finds uses of unitialized
memory. Asan+Msan will provide feature-parity with kmemcheck. As
others noted, Asan will unlikely replace debug slab and pagealloc that
can be enabled at runtime. Asan uses compiler instrumentation, so even
if it is disabled, it still incurs visible overheads.
Asan technology is easily portable to other architectures. Compiler
instrumentation is fully portable. Runtime has some arch-dependent
parts like shadow mapping and atomic operation interception. They are
relatively easy to port."
Comparison with other debugging features:
========================================
KMEMCHECK:
- KASan can do almost everything that kmemcheck can. KASan uses
compile-time instrumentation, which makes it significantly faster than
kmemcheck. The only advantage of kmemcheck over KASan is detection of
uninitialized memory reads.
Some brief performance testing showed that kasan could be
x500-x600 times faster than kmemcheck:
$ netperf -l 30
MIGRATED TCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 0 AF_INET
Recv Send Send
Socket Socket Message Elapsed
Size Size Size Time Throughput
bytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits/sec
no debug: 87380 16384 16384 30.00 41624.72
kasan inline: 87380 16384 16384 30.00 12870.54
kasan outline: 87380 16384 16384 30.00 10586.39
kmemcheck: 87380 16384 16384 30.03 20.23
- Also kmemcheck couldn't work on several CPUs. It always sets
number of CPUs to 1. KASan doesn't have such limitation.
DEBUG_PAGEALLOC:
- KASan is slower than DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, but KASan works on sub-page
granularity level, so it able to find more bugs.
SLUB_DEBUG (poisoning, redzones):
- SLUB_DEBUG has lower overhead than KASan.
- SLUB_DEBUG in most cases are not able to detect bad reads,
KASan able to detect both reads and writes.
- In some cases (e.g. redzone overwritten) SLUB_DEBUG detect
bugs only on allocation/freeing of object. KASan catch
bugs right before it will happen, so we always know exact
place of first bad read/write.
[1] https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/AddressSanitizerForKernel
[2] https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/FoundBugs
[3] https://code.google.com/p/thread-sanitizer/wiki/FoundBugs
[4] https://code.google.com/p/memory-sanitizer/wiki/FoundBugs
[5] https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/AddressSanitizerForKernel#Trophies
Based on work by Andrey Konovalov.
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com>
Cc: Yuri Gribov <tetra2005@gmail.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-13 14:39:17 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2007-02-12 00:52:00 -08:00
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2013-08-30 09:39:53 +02:00
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2007-02-12 00:52:00 -08:00
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2020-07-03 00:20:24 +02:00
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2007-02-12 00:52:00 -08:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:54 -08:00
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2020-08-11 18:36:49 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:54 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:50 -07:00
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2010-05-07 17:11:44 -04:00
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2017-07-12 14:35:46 -07:00
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2006-10-11 01:20:44 -07:00
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2017-07-12 14:35:46 -07:00
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2005-09-06 15:16:27 -07:00
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2010-05-07 17:11:44 -04:00
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2017-07-12 14:35:46 -07:00
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2010-05-07 17:11:44 -04:00
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2012-02-09 17:42:21 -05:00
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2010-05-07 17:11:44 -04:00
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2005-09-06 15:16:27 -07:00
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2018-04-10 16:32:51 -07:00
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2017-07-12 14:35:46 -07:00
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2017-08-15 09:50:13 +02:00
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2017-07-12 14:35:46 -07:00
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2010-05-07 17:11:44 -04:00
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2012-02-09 17:42:21 -05:00
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2010-05-07 17:11:44 -04:00
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2005-09-06 15:16:27 -07:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07:00
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2012-10-04 17:13:17 -07:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07:00
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2012-02-09 17:42:21 -05:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07:00
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2012-10-04 17:13:17 -07:00
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2011-03-22 16:34:16 -07:00
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2009-01-15 11:08:40 -08:00
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2017-07-12 14:35:46 -07:00
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2009-01-15 11:08:40 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2016-09-22 16:55:13 -04:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2006-03-25 03:06:39 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2007-07-15 23:38:14 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2008-02-07 17:47:41 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2012-10-08 16:28:11 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2009-06-11 13:24:13 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2009-06-11 13:24:13 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2009-06-23 14:40:27 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2009-06-23 14:40:27 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2009-06-11 13:24:13 +01:00
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workqueue: implement lockup detector
Workqueue stalls can happen from a variety of usage bugs such as
missing WQ_MEM_RECLAIM flag or concurrency managed work item
indefinitely staying RUNNING. These stalls can be extremely difficult
to hunt down because the usual warning mechanisms can't detect
workqueue stalls and the internal state is pretty opaque.
To alleviate the situation, this patch implements workqueue lockup
detector. It periodically monitors all worker_pools periodically and,
if any pool failed to make forward progress longer than the threshold
duration, triggers warning and dumps workqueue state as follows.
BUG: workqueue lockup - pool cpus=0 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 stuck for 31s!
Showing busy workqueues and worker pools:
workqueue events: flags=0x0
pwq 0: cpus=0 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=17/256
pending: monkey_wrench_fn, e1000_watchdog, cache_reap, vmstat_shepherd, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, release_one_tty, cgroup_release_agent
workqueue events_power_efficient: flags=0x80
pwq 0: cpus=0 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=2/256
pending: check_lifetime, neigh_periodic_work
workqueue cgroup_pidlist_destroy: flags=0x0
pwq 0: cpus=0 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=1/1
pending: cgroup_pidlist_destroy_work_fn
...
The detection mechanism is controller through kernel parameter
workqueue.watchdog_thresh and can be updated at runtime through the
sysfs module parameter file.
v2: Decoupled from softlockup control knobs.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2015-12-08 11:28:04 -05:00
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lib/test_lockup: test module to generate lockups
CONFIG_TEST_LOCKUP=m adds module "test_lockup" that helps to make sure
that watchdogs and lockup detectors are working properly.
Depending on module parameters test_lockup could emulate soft or hard
lockup, "hung task", hold arbitrary lock, allocate bunch of pages.
Also it could generate series of lockups with cooling-down periods, in
this way it could be used as "ping" for locks or page allocator. Loop
checks signals between iteration thus could be stopped by ^C.
# modinfo test_lockup
...
parm: time_secs:lockup time in seconds, default 0 (uint)
parm: time_nsecs:nanoseconds part of lockup time, default 0 (uint)
parm: cooldown_secs:cooldown time between iterations in seconds, default 0 (uint)
parm: cooldown_nsecs:nanoseconds part of cooldown, default 0 (uint)
parm: iterations:lockup iterations, default 1 (uint)
parm: all_cpus:trigger lockup at all cpus at once (bool)
parm: state:wait in 'R' running (default), 'D' uninterruptible, 'K' killable, 'S' interruptible state (charp)
parm: use_hrtimer:use high-resolution timer for sleeping (bool)
parm: iowait:account sleep time as iowait (bool)
parm: lock_read:lock read-write locks for read (bool)
parm: lock_single:acquire locks only at one cpu (bool)
parm: reacquire_locks:release and reacquire locks/irq/preempt between iterations (bool)
parm: touch_softlockup:touch soft-lockup watchdog between iterations (bool)
parm: touch_hardlockup:touch hard-lockup watchdog between iterations (bool)
parm: call_cond_resched:call cond_resched() between iterations (bool)
parm: measure_lock_wait:measure lock wait time (bool)
parm: lock_wait_threshold:print lock wait time longer than this in nanoseconds, default off (ulong)
parm: disable_irq:disable interrupts: generate hard-lockups (bool)
parm: disable_softirq:disable bottom-half irq handlers (bool)
parm: disable_preempt:disable preemption: generate soft-lockups (bool)
parm: lock_rcu:grab rcu_read_lock: generate rcu stalls (bool)
parm: lock_mmap_sem:lock mm->mmap_sem: block procfs interfaces (bool)
parm: lock_rwsem_ptr:lock rw_semaphore at address (ulong)
parm: lock_mutex_ptr:lock mutex at address (ulong)
parm: lock_spinlock_ptr:lock spinlock at address (ulong)
parm: lock_rwlock_ptr:lock rwlock at address (ulong)
parm: alloc_pages_nr:allocate and free pages under locks (uint)
parm: alloc_pages_order:page order to allocate (uint)
parm: alloc_pages_gfp:allocate pages with this gfp_mask, default GFP_KERNEL (uint)
parm: alloc_pages_atomic:allocate pages with GFP_ATOMIC (bool)
parm: reallocate_pages:free and allocate pages between iterations (bool)
Parameters for locking by address are unsafe and taints kernel. With
CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK=y they at least check magics for embedded spinlocks.
Examples:
task hang in D-state:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=D
task hang in io-wait D-state:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=D iowait
softlockup:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=R
hardlockup:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=R disable_irq
system-wide hardlockup:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=R \
disable_irq all_cpus
rcu stall:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=R \
lock_rcu touch_softlockup
lock mmap_sem / block procfs interfaces:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=S lock_mmap_sem
lock tasklist_lock for read / block forks:
TASKLIST_LOCK=$(awk '$3 == "tasklist_lock" {print "0x"$1}' /proc/kallsyms)
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=R \
disable_irq lock_read lock_rwlock_ptr=$TASKLIST_LOCK
lock namespace_sem / block vfs mount operations:
NAMESPACE_SEM=$(awk '$3 == "namespace_sem" {print "0x"$1}' /proc/kallsyms)
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=S \
lock_rwsem_ptr=$NAMESPACE_SEM
lock cgroup mutex / block cgroup operations:
CGROUP_MUTEX=$(awk '$3 == "cgroup_mutex" {print "0x"$1}' /proc/kallsyms)
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=S \
lock_mutex_ptr=$CGROUP_MUTEX
ping cgroup_mutex every second and measure maximum lock wait time:
modprobe test_lockup cooldown_secs=1 iterations=60 state=S \
lock_mutex_ptr=$CGROUP_MUTEX reacquire_locks measure_lock_wait
[linux@roeck-us.net: rename disable_irq to fix build error]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200317133614.23152-1-linux@roeck-us.net
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Monakhov <dmtrmonakhov@yandex-team.ru
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158132859146.2797.525923171323227836.stgit@buzz
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-04-06 20:09:47 -07:00
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2020-08-11 18:34:44 -07:00
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lib/test_lockup: test module to generate lockups
CONFIG_TEST_LOCKUP=m adds module "test_lockup" that helps to make sure
that watchdogs and lockup detectors are working properly.
Depending on module parameters test_lockup could emulate soft or hard
lockup, "hung task", hold arbitrary lock, allocate bunch of pages.
Also it could generate series of lockups with cooling-down periods, in
this way it could be used as "ping" for locks or page allocator. Loop
checks signals between iteration thus could be stopped by ^C.
# modinfo test_lockup
...
parm: time_secs:lockup time in seconds, default 0 (uint)
parm: time_nsecs:nanoseconds part of lockup time, default 0 (uint)
parm: cooldown_secs:cooldown time between iterations in seconds, default 0 (uint)
parm: cooldown_nsecs:nanoseconds part of cooldown, default 0 (uint)
parm: iterations:lockup iterations, default 1 (uint)
parm: all_cpus:trigger lockup at all cpus at once (bool)
parm: state:wait in 'R' running (default), 'D' uninterruptible, 'K' killable, 'S' interruptible state (charp)
parm: use_hrtimer:use high-resolution timer for sleeping (bool)
parm: iowait:account sleep time as iowait (bool)
parm: lock_read:lock read-write locks for read (bool)
parm: lock_single:acquire locks only at one cpu (bool)
parm: reacquire_locks:release and reacquire locks/irq/preempt between iterations (bool)
parm: touch_softlockup:touch soft-lockup watchdog between iterations (bool)
parm: touch_hardlockup:touch hard-lockup watchdog between iterations (bool)
parm: call_cond_resched:call cond_resched() between iterations (bool)
parm: measure_lock_wait:measure lock wait time (bool)
parm: lock_wait_threshold:print lock wait time longer than this in nanoseconds, default off (ulong)
parm: disable_irq:disable interrupts: generate hard-lockups (bool)
parm: disable_softirq:disable bottom-half irq handlers (bool)
parm: disable_preempt:disable preemption: generate soft-lockups (bool)
parm: lock_rcu:grab rcu_read_lock: generate rcu stalls (bool)
parm: lock_mmap_sem:lock mm->mmap_sem: block procfs interfaces (bool)
parm: lock_rwsem_ptr:lock rw_semaphore at address (ulong)
parm: lock_mutex_ptr:lock mutex at address (ulong)
parm: lock_spinlock_ptr:lock spinlock at address (ulong)
parm: lock_rwlock_ptr:lock rwlock at address (ulong)
parm: alloc_pages_nr:allocate and free pages under locks (uint)
parm: alloc_pages_order:page order to allocate (uint)
parm: alloc_pages_gfp:allocate pages with this gfp_mask, default GFP_KERNEL (uint)
parm: alloc_pages_atomic:allocate pages with GFP_ATOMIC (bool)
parm: reallocate_pages:free and allocate pages between iterations (bool)
Parameters for locking by address are unsafe and taints kernel. With
CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK=y they at least check magics for embedded spinlocks.
Examples:
task hang in D-state:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=D
task hang in io-wait D-state:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=D iowait
softlockup:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=R
hardlockup:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=R disable_irq
system-wide hardlockup:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=R \
disable_irq all_cpus
rcu stall:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=R \
lock_rcu touch_softlockup
lock mmap_sem / block procfs interfaces:
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=S lock_mmap_sem
lock tasklist_lock for read / block forks:
TASKLIST_LOCK=$(awk '$3 == "tasklist_lock" {print "0x"$1}' /proc/kallsyms)
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=R \
disable_irq lock_read lock_rwlock_ptr=$TASKLIST_LOCK
lock namespace_sem / block vfs mount operations:
NAMESPACE_SEM=$(awk '$3 == "namespace_sem" {print "0x"$1}' /proc/kallsyms)
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=S \
lock_rwsem_ptr=$NAMESPACE_SEM
lock cgroup mutex / block cgroup operations:
CGROUP_MUTEX=$(awk '$3 == "cgroup_mutex" {print "0x"$1}' /proc/kallsyms)
modprobe test_lockup time_secs=1 iterations=60 state=S \
lock_mutex_ptr=$CGROUP_MUTEX
ping cgroup_mutex every second and measure maximum lock wait time:
modprobe test_lockup cooldown_secs=1 iterations=60 state=S \
lock_mutex_ptr=$CGROUP_MUTEX reacquire_locks measure_lock_wait
[linux@roeck-us.net: rename disable_irq to fix build error]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200317133614.23152-1-linux@roeck-us.net
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Monakhov <dmtrmonakhov@yandex-team.ru
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158132859146.2797.525923171323227836.stgit@buzz
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-04-06 20:09:47 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:50 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:00 -08:00
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2013-11-25 23:23:04 +00:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2009-06-11 13:24:14 +01:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2009-06-11 13:24:14 +01:00
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2015-06-25 23:53:37 +05:30
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2015-06-25 23:53:37 +05:30
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2013-07-01 13:04:43 -07:00
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2009-06-11 13:24:14 +01:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:00 -08:00
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2014-09-12 14:16:19 +01:00
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2015-03-11 21:16:32 -07:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2019-10-15 21:18:19 +02:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:47 -07:00
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2018-03-30 17:27:59 -04:00
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2018-03-30 17:28:00 -04:00
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2019-05-20 16:59:00 -04:00
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2018-03-30 17:28:00 -04:00
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2020-07-20 17:55:13 +02:00
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2018-03-30 17:28:00 -04:00
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2019-04-10 08:32:41 -03:00
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2018-03-30 17:28:00 -04:00
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lockdep: Introduce wait-type checks
Extend lockdep to validate lock wait-type context.
The current wait-types are:
LD_WAIT_FREE, /* wait free, rcu etc.. */
LD_WAIT_SPIN, /* spin loops, raw_spinlock_t etc.. */
LD_WAIT_CONFIG, /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_LOCK, spinlock_t etc.. */
LD_WAIT_SLEEP, /* sleeping locks, mutex_t etc.. */
Where lockdep validates that the current lock (the one being acquired)
fits in the current wait-context (as generated by the held stack).
This ensures that there is no attempt to acquire mutexes while holding
spinlocks, to acquire spinlocks while holding raw_spinlocks and so on. In
other words, its a more fancy might_sleep().
Obviously RCU made the entire ordeal more complex than a simple single
value test because RCU can be acquired in (pretty much) any context and
while it presents a context to nested locks it is not the same as it
got acquired in.
Therefore its necessary to split the wait_type into two values, one
representing the acquire (outer) and one representing the nested context
(inner). For most 'normal' locks these two are the same.
[ To make static initialization easier we have the rule that:
.outer == INV means .outer == .inner; because INV == 0. ]
It further means that its required to find the minimal .inner of the held
stack to compare against the outer of the new lock; because while 'normal'
RCU presents a CONFIG type to nested locks, if it is taken while already
holding a SPIN type it obviously doesn't relax the rules.
Below is an example output generated by the trivial test code:
raw_spin_lock(&foo);
spin_lock(&bar);
spin_unlock(&bar);
raw_spin_unlock(&foo);
[ BUG: Invalid wait context ]
-----------------------------
swapper/0/1 is trying to lock:
ffffc90000013f20 (&bar){....}-{3:3}, at: kernel_init+0xdb/0x187
other info that might help us debug this:
1 lock held by swapper/0/1:
#0: ffffc90000013ee0 (&foo){+.+.}-{2:2}, at: kernel_init+0xd1/0x187
The way to read it is to look at the new -{n,m} part in the lock
description; -{3:3} for the attempted lock, and try and match that up to
the held locks, which in this case is the one: -{2,2}.
This tells that the acquiring lock requires a more relaxed environment than
presented by the lock stack.
Currently only the normal locks and RCU are converted, the rest of the
lockdep users defaults to .inner = INV which is ignored. More conversions
can be done when desired.
The check for spinlock_t nesting is not enabled by default. It's a separate
config option for now as there are known problems which are currently
addressed. The config option allows to identify these problems and to
verify that the solutions found are indeed solving them.
The config switch will be removed and the checks will permanently enabled
once the vast majority of issues has been addressed.
[ bigeasy: Move LD_WAIT_FREE,… out of CONFIG_LOCKDEP to avoid compile
failure with CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK + !CONFIG_LOCKDEP]
[ tglx: Add the config option ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200321113242.427089655@linutronix.de
2020-03-21 12:26:01 +01:00
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2018-03-30 17:28:00 -04:00
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2019-04-10 08:32:41 -03:00
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2018-03-30 17:28:00 -04:00
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2006-06-27 02:54:55 -07:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:55 -07:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2012-03-22 15:25:08 +05:30
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:55 -07:00
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2013-06-20 13:31:17 +02:00
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2018-03-30 17:27:59 -04:00
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2013-06-20 13:31:17 +02:00
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2014-08-27 11:19:26 -04:00
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2013-06-20 13:31:17 +02:00
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2018-03-30 17:27:58 -04:00
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2019-05-20 16:59:00 -04:00
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2018-03-30 17:27:58 -04:00
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2019-05-20 16:59:00 -04:00
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2018-03-30 17:27:58 -04:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:55 -07:00
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2018-03-30 17:27:59 -04:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:55 -07:00
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2016-09-19 12:15:37 +02:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:55 -07:00
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2018-03-30 17:27:59 -04:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:55 -07:00
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ARM: 8800/1: use choice for kernel unwinders
While in theory multiple unwinders could be compiled in, it does
not make sense in practise. Use a choice to make the unwinder
selection mutually exclusive and mandatory.
Already before this commit it has not been possible to deselect
FRAME_POINTER. Remove the obsolete comment.
Furthermore, to produce a meaningful backtrace with FRAME_POINTER
enabled the kernel needs a specific function prologue:
mov ip, sp
stmfd sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
sub fp, ip, #4
To get to the required prologue gcc uses apcs and no-sched-prolog.
This compiler options are not available on clang, and clang is not
able to generate the required prologue. Make the FRAME_POINTER
config symbol depending on !clang.
Suggested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Agner <stefan@agner.ch>
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
2018-09-30 23:02:33 +01:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:55 -07:00
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2017-04-10 11:50:52 -04:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:55 -07:00
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2006-07-14 00:24:32 -07:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:55 -07:00
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2011-06-08 19:31:56 +02:00
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2011-06-08 01:51:02 +02:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2018-07-31 13:39:32 +02:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2011-06-08 19:31:56 +02:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:48 -07:00
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2014-02-04 15:51:41 -08:00
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2016-12-01 11:47:06 +00:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:47 -07:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:38 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:47 -07:00
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2020-07-27 14:48:52 +02:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:47 -07:00
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2011-05-24 17:13:36 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:47 -07:00
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2011-05-24 17:13:36 -07:00
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2020-07-27 14:48:52 +02:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:38 -07:00
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2014-08-29 15:18:35 -07:00
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2006-07-03 00:24:38 -07:00
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2014-08-29 15:18:35 -07:00
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2011-05-24 17:13:36 -07:00
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2017-06-08 04:16:59 -04:00
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random: warn when kernel uses unseeded randomness
This enables an important dmesg notification about when drivers have
used the crng without it being seeded first. Prior, these errors would
occur silently, and so there hasn't been a great way of diagnosing these
types of bugs for obscure setups. By adding this as a config option, we
can leave it on by default, so that we learn where these issues happen,
in the field, will still allowing some people to turn it off, if they
really know what they're doing and do not want the log entries.
However, we don't leave it _completely_ by default. An earlier version
of this patch simply had `default y`. I'd really love that, but it turns
out, this problem with unseeded randomness being used is really quite
present and is going to take a long time to fix. Thus, as a compromise
between log-messages-for-all and nobody-knows, this is `default y`,
except it is also `depends on DEBUG_KERNEL`. This will ensure that the
curious see the messages while others don't have to.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-06-07 23:06:55 -04:00
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2017-06-08 04:16:59 -04:00
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2018-09-04 15:46:23 -07:00
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2017-06-08 04:16:59 -04:00
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2018-09-04 15:46:23 -07:00
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2017-06-08 04:16:59 -04:00
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random: warn when kernel uses unseeded randomness
This enables an important dmesg notification about when drivers have
used the crng without it being seeded first. Prior, these errors would
occur silently, and so there hasn't been a great way of diagnosing these
types of bugs for obscure setups. By adding this as a config option, we
can leave it on by default, so that we learn where these issues happen,
in the field, will still allowing some people to turn it off, if they
really know what they're doing and do not want the log entries.
However, we don't leave it _completely_ by default. An earlier version
of this patch simply had `default y`. I'd really love that, but it turns
out, this problem with unseeded randomness being used is really quite
present and is going to take a long time to fix. Thus, as a compromise
between log-messages-for-all and nobody-knows, this is `default y`,
except it is also `depends on DEBUG_KERNEL`. This will ensure that the
curious see the messages while others don't have to.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2017-06-07 23:06:55 -04:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2018-10-30 15:07:44 -07:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2013-06-27 15:06:14 +01:00
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2013-10-29 08:33:36 -07:00
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2013-06-27 15:06:14 +01:00
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2012-10-08 16:28:13 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:48 -08:00
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2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
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2006-09-29 01:59:00 -07:00
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2016-08-26 17:42:00 +02:00
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2006-09-29 01:59:00 -07:00
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2019-05-14 15:42:46 -07:00
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2014-06-04 16:11:54 -07:00
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2007-10-22 20:01:06 +02:00
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2008-08-15 15:29:38 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:48 -08:00
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2009-09-02 09:13:40 +01:00
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2017-05-17 09:19:44 -07:00
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2013-01-07 08:19:23 -08:00
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2016-02-09 17:59:38 -05:00
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2008-08-25 19:47:25 +09:00
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2019-12-06 17:04:08 -08:00
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2008-08-25 19:47:25 +09:00
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2008-08-29 09:06:29 +02:00
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2008-08-25 19:47:25 +09:00
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2008-10-13 10:46:01 +02:00
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2008-08-25 19:47:25 +09:00
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2008-09-01 13:44:35 +02:00
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2008-08-25 19:47:25 +09:00
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2016-02-26 18:43:32 +00:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2020-05-01 17:37:50 +02:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2019-12-17 20:51:56 -08:00
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2019-12-30 08:10:51 +01:00
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2019-12-17 20:51:56 -08:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2012-07-30 14:43:02 -07:00
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2012-11-30 16:44:39 +09:00
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2012-07-30 14:43:02 -07:00
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2012-07-30 14:43:07 -07:00
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2012-11-30 16:44:39 +09:00
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2012-07-30 14:43:07 -07:00
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2012-12-14 10:32:52 +11:00
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2012-07-30 14:43:13 -07:00
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2012-11-30 16:44:39 +09:00
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2012-12-14 10:32:52 +11:00
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2012-07-30 14:43:13 -07:00
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2012-12-14 10:32:52 +11:00
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2012-07-30 14:43:13 -07:00
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2013-04-30 15:28:49 -07:00
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2012-07-30 14:43:13 -07:00
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2015-11-28 13:45:28 +01:00
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2018-06-14 15:27:48 -07:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:43 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:49 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:48 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:43 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:44 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:49 -08:00
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2008-12-23 19:37:01 +09:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:44 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:49 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:44 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:45 -08:00
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2020-04-06 20:12:49 -07:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:49 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:45 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:49 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:45 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:46 -08:00
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2006-12-12 20:16:36 +01:00
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2008-09-14 05:56:33 -07:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:46 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:49 -08:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:46 -08:00
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2008-09-14 05:56:33 -07:00
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2010-07-21 16:05:53 +09:00
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2008-09-14 05:56:33 -07:00
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2015-06-29 23:26:02 -07:00
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2018-06-14 15:27:48 -07:00
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2018-01-13 02:56:03 +09:00
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2018-06-14 15:27:48 -07:00
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2006-12-08 02:39:43 -08:00
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2018-06-14 15:27:48 -07:00
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2007-02-20 13:57:56 -08:00
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2007-05-12 10:36:53 -07:00
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2007-02-20 13:57:56 -08:00
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|
ARM: 8800/1: use choice for kernel unwinders
While in theory multiple unwinders could be compiled in, it does
not make sense in practise. Use a choice to make the unwinder
selection mutually exclusive and mandatory.
Already before this commit it has not been possible to deselect
FRAME_POINTER. Remove the obsolete comment.
Furthermore, to produce a meaningful backtrace with FRAME_POINTER
enabled the kernel needs a specific function prologue:
mov ip, sp
stmfd sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
sub fp, ip, #4
To get to the required prologue gcc uses apcs and no-sched-prolog.
This compiler options are not available on clang, and clang is not
able to generate the required prologue. Make the FRAME_POINTER
config symbol depending on !clang.
Suggested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Agner <stefan@agner.ch>
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
2018-09-30 23:02:33 +01:00
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2007-02-20 13:57:56 -08:00
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2007-10-18 23:41:07 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2017-10-13 15:57:33 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2017-10-13 15:57:33 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2017-10-13 15:57:33 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2017-10-13 15:57:33 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2017-10-13 15:57:33 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2017-10-13 15:57:33 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2017-10-13 15:57:33 -07:00
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2019-12-06 17:03:51 -08:00
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2019-09-23 02:02:36 -07:00
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2020-06-04 16:46:04 -07:00
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2018-02-06 15:38:38 -08:00
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2018-02-21 14:46:05 -08:00
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2018-02-06 15:38:38 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2019-06-12 14:52:44 -03:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2017-05-08 15:55:26 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2017-05-08 15:55:26 -07:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2020-02-13 23:51:29 -08:00
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2017-02-24 15:01:07 -08:00
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2017-05-08 15:55:23 -07:00
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2017-02-24 15:01:07 -08:00
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2017-05-08 15:55:23 -07:00
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2017-02-24 15:01:07 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2018-06-20 01:05:07 +09:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2012-10-08 16:30:39 -07:00
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2013-09-11 14:25:19 -07:00
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2012-10-08 16:30:39 -07:00
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2019-06-20 17:10:33 +03:00
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rbtree: add prio tree and interval tree tests
Patch 1 implements support for interval trees, on top of the augmented
rbtree API. It also adds synthetic tests to compare the performance of
interval trees vs prio trees. Short answers is that interval trees are
slightly faster (~25%) on insert/erase, and much faster (~2.4 - 3x)
on search. It is debatable how realistic the synthetic test is, and I have
not made such measurements yet, but my impression is that interval trees
would still come out faster.
Patch 2 uses a preprocessor template to make the interval tree generic,
and uses it as a replacement for the vma prio_tree.
Patch 3 takes the other prio_tree user, kmemleak, and converts it to use
a basic rbtree. We don't actually need the augmented rbtree support here
because the intervals are always non-overlapping.
Patch 4 removes the now-unused prio tree library.
Patch 5 proposes an additional optimization to rb_erase_augmented, now
providing it as an inline function so that the augmented callbacks can be
inlined in. This provides an additional 5-10% performance improvement
for the interval tree insert/erase benchmark. There is a maintainance cost
as it exposes augmented rbtree users to some of the rbtree library internals;
however I think this cost shouldn't be too high as I expect the augmented
rbtree will always have much less users than the base rbtree.
I should probably add a quick summary of why I think it makes sense to
replace prio trees with augmented rbtree based interval trees now. One of
the drivers is that we need augmented rbtrees for Rik's vma gap finding
code, and once you have them, it just makes sense to use them for interval
trees as well, as this is the simpler and more well known algorithm. prio
trees, in comparison, seem *too* clever: they impose an additional 'heap'
constraint on the tree, which they use to guarantee a faster worst-case
complexity of O(k+log N) for stabbing queries in a well-balanced prio
tree, vs O(k*log N) for interval trees (where k=number of matches,
N=number of intervals). Now this sounds great, but in practice prio trees
don't realize this theorical benefit. First, the additional constraint
makes them harder to update, so that the kernel implementation has to
simplify things by balancing them like a radix tree, which is not always
ideal. Second, the fact that there are both index and heap properties
makes both tree manipulation and search more complex, which results in a
higher multiplicative time constant. As it turns out, the simple interval
tree algorithm ends up running faster than the more clever prio tree.
This patch:
Add two test modules:
- prio_tree_test measures the performance of lib/prio_tree.c, both for
insertion/removal and for stabbing searches
- interval_tree_test measures the performance of a library of equivalent
functionality, built using the augmented rbtree support.
In order to support the second test module, lib/interval_tree.c is
introduced. It is kept separate from the interval_tree_test main file
for two reasons: first we don't want to provide an unfair advantage
over prio_tree_test by having everything in a single compilation unit,
and second there is the possibility that the interval tree functionality
could get some non-test users in kernel over time.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-10-08 16:31:23 -07:00
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2017-07-10 15:51:43 -07:00
|
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2014-03-17 12:21:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
rbtree: add prio tree and interval tree tests
Patch 1 implements support for interval trees, on top of the augmented
rbtree API. It also adds synthetic tests to compare the performance of
interval trees vs prio trees. Short answers is that interval trees are
slightly faster (~25%) on insert/erase, and much faster (~2.4 - 3x)
on search. It is debatable how realistic the synthetic test is, and I have
not made such measurements yet, but my impression is that interval trees
would still come out faster.
Patch 2 uses a preprocessor template to make the interval tree generic,
and uses it as a replacement for the vma prio_tree.
Patch 3 takes the other prio_tree user, kmemleak, and converts it to use
a basic rbtree. We don't actually need the augmented rbtree support here
because the intervals are always non-overlapping.
Patch 4 removes the now-unused prio tree library.
Patch 5 proposes an additional optimization to rb_erase_augmented, now
providing it as an inline function so that the augmented callbacks can be
inlined in. This provides an additional 5-10% performance improvement
for the interval tree insert/erase benchmark. There is a maintainance cost
as it exposes augmented rbtree users to some of the rbtree library internals;
however I think this cost shouldn't be too high as I expect the augmented
rbtree will always have much less users than the base rbtree.
I should probably add a quick summary of why I think it makes sense to
replace prio trees with augmented rbtree based interval trees now. One of
the drivers is that we need augmented rbtrees for Rik's vma gap finding
code, and once you have them, it just makes sense to use them for interval
trees as well, as this is the simpler and more well known algorithm. prio
trees, in comparison, seem *too* clever: they impose an additional 'heap'
constraint on the tree, which they use to guarantee a faster worst-case
complexity of O(k+log N) for stabbing queries in a well-balanced prio
tree, vs O(k*log N) for interval trees (where k=number of matches,
N=number of intervals). Now this sounds great, but in practice prio trees
don't realize this theorical benefit. First, the additional constraint
makes them harder to update, so that the kernel implementation has to
simplify things by balancing them like a radix tree, which is not always
ideal. Second, the fact that there are both index and heap properties
makes both tree manipulation and search more complex, which results in a
higher multiplicative time constant. As it turns out, the simple interval
tree algorithm ends up running faster than the more clever prio tree.
This patch:
Add two test modules:
- prio_tree_test measures the performance of lib/prio_tree.c, both for
insertion/removal and for stabbing searches
- interval_tree_test measures the performance of a library of equivalent
functionality, built using the augmented rbtree support.
In order to support the second test module, lib/interval_tree.c is
introduced. It is kept separate from the interval_tree_test main file
for two reasons: first we don't want to provide an unfair advantage
over prio_tree_test by having everything in a single compilation unit,
and second there is the possibility that the interval tree functionality
could get some non-test users in kernel over time.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-10-08 16:31:23 -07:00
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2013-11-12 15:08:34 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2017-02-24 15:00:55 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2017-02-24 15:00:55 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2020-06-14 01:50:22 +09:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2015-02-12 15:02:21 -08:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2019-04-05 12:58:59 +11:00
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2013-07-01 13:04:44 -07:00
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2015-11-06 16:30:29 -08:00
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2016-02-19 09:24:00 -05:00
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2018-06-20 08:58:30 +02:00
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2016-05-30 17:40:41 +03:00
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2017-11-07 14:57:46 -05:00
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2018-05-08 00:36:28 +02:00
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2014-08-02 11:47:44 +02:00
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2015-01-29 15:40:25 +01:00
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2014-08-02 11:47:44 +02:00
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2016-05-26 22:11:51 -04:00
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siphash: add cryptographically secure PRF
SipHash is a 64-bit keyed hash function that is actually a
cryptographically secure PRF, like HMAC. Except SipHash is super fast,
and is meant to be used as a hashtable keyed lookup function, or as a
general PRF for short input use cases, such as sequence numbers or RNG
chaining.
For the first usage:
There are a variety of attacks known as "hashtable poisoning" in which an
attacker forms some data such that the hash of that data will be the
same, and then preceeds to fill up all entries of a hashbucket. This is
a realistic and well-known denial-of-service vector. Currently
hashtables use jhash, which is fast but not secure, and some kind of
rotating key scheme (or none at all, which isn't good). SipHash is meant
as a replacement for jhash in these cases.
There are a modicum of places in the kernel that are vulnerable to
hashtable poisoning attacks, either via userspace vectors or network
vectors, and there's not a reliable mechanism inside the kernel at the
moment to fix it. The first step toward fixing these issues is actually
getting a secure primitive into the kernel for developers to use. Then
we can, bit by bit, port things over to it as deemed appropriate.
While SipHash is extremely fast for a cryptographically secure function,
it is likely a bit slower than the insecure jhash, and so replacements
will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis based on whether or not the
difference in speed is negligible and whether or not the current jhash usage
poses a real security risk.
For the second usage:
A few places in the kernel are using MD5 or SHA1 for creating secure
sequence numbers, syn cookies, port numbers, or fast random numbers.
SipHash is a faster and more fitting, and more secure replacement for MD5
in those situations. Replacing MD5 and SHA1 with SipHash for these uses is
obvious and straight-forward, and so is submitted along with this patch
series. There shouldn't be much of a debate over its efficacy.
Dozens of languages are already using this internally for their hash
tables and PRFs. Some of the BSDs already use this in their kernels.
SipHash is a widely known high-speed solution to a widely known set of
problems, and it's time we catch-up.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Reviewed-by: Jean-Philippe Aumasson <jeanphilippe.aumasson@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@aculab.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2017-01-08 13:54:00 +01:00
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2016-05-26 22:11:51 -04:00
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2018-06-18 16:59:29 -04:00
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2017-02-03 10:29:06 +01:00
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2019-05-27 22:55:19 +02:00
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2014-10-13 15:51:38 -07:00
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test: add minimal module for verification testing
This is a pair of test modules I'd like to see in the tree. Instead of
putting these in lkdtm, where I've been adding various tests that trigger
crashes, these don't make sense there since they need to be either
distinctly separate, or their pass/fail state don't need to crash the
machine.
These live in lib/ for now, along with a few other in-kernel test modules,
and use the slightly more common "test_" naming convention, instead of
"test-". We should likely standardize on the former:
$ find . -name 'test_*.c' | grep -v /tools/ | wc -l
4
$ find . -name 'test-*.c' | grep -v /tools/ | wc -l
2
The first is entirely a no-op module, designed to allow simple testing of
the module loading and verification interface. It's useful to have a
module that has no other uses or dependencies so it can be reliably used
for just testing module loading and verification.
The second is a module that exercises the user memory access functions, in
an effort to make sure that we can quickly catch any regressions in
boundary checking (e.g. like what was recently fixed on ARM).
This patch (of 2):
When doing module loading verification tests (for example, with module
signing, or LSM hooks), it is very handy to have a module that can be
built on all systems under test, isn't auto-loaded at boot, and has no
device or similar dependencies. This creates the "test_module.ko" module
for that purpose, which only reports its load and unload to printk.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-23 15:54:37 -08:00
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2020-06-04 16:50:27 -07:00
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2020-06-10 18:41:53 -07:00
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2020-06-04 16:50:27 -07:00
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2020-06-10 18:41:53 -07:00
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2020-06-04 16:50:27 -07:00
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vmalloc: add test driver to analyse vmalloc allocator
This adds a new kernel module for analysis of vmalloc allocator. It is
only enabled as a module. There are two main reasons this module should
be used for: performance evaluation and stressing of vmalloc subsystem.
It consists of several test cases. As of now there are 8. The module
has five parameters we can specify to change its the behaviour.
1) run_test_mask - set of tests to be run
id: 1, name: fix_size_alloc_test
id: 2, name: full_fit_alloc_test
id: 4, name: long_busy_list_alloc_test
id: 8, name: random_size_alloc_test
id: 16, name: fix_align_alloc_test
id: 32, name: random_size_align_alloc_test
id: 64, name: align_shift_alloc_test
id: 128, name: pcpu_alloc_test
By default all tests are in run test mask. If you want to select some
specific tests it is possible to pass the mask. For example for first,
second and fourth tests we go 11 value.
2) test_repeat_count - how many times each test should be repeated
By default it is one time per test. It is possible to pass any number.
As high the value is the test duration gets increased.
3) test_loop_count - internal test loop counter. By default it is set
to 1000000.
4) single_cpu_test - use one CPU to run the tests
By default this parameter is set to false. It means that all online
CPUs execute tests. By setting it to 1, the tests are executed by
first online CPU only.
5) sequential_test_order - run tests in sequential order
By default this parameter is set to false. It means that before running
tests the order is shuffled. It is possible to make it sequential, just
set it to 1.
Performance analysis:
In order to evaluate performance of vmalloc allocations, usually it
makes sense to use only one CPU that runs tests, use sequential order,
number of repeat tests can be different as well as set of test mask.
For example if we want to run all tests, to use one CPU and repeat each
test 3 times. Insert the module passing following parameters:
single_cpu_test=1 sequential_test_order=1 test_repeat_count=3
with following output:
<snip>
Summary: fix_size_alloc_test passed: 3 failed: 0 repeat: 3 loops: 1000000 avg: 901177 usec
Summary: full_fit_alloc_test passed: 3 failed: 0 repeat: 3 loops: 1000000 avg: 1039341 usec
Summary: long_busy_list_alloc_test passed: 3 failed: 0 repeat: 3 loops: 1000000 avg: 11775763 usec
Summary: random_size_alloc_test passed 3: failed: 0 repeat: 3 loops: 1000000 avg: 6081992 usec
Summary: fix_align_alloc_test passed: 3 failed: 0 repeat: 3, loops: 1000000 avg: 2003712 usec
Summary: random_size_align_alloc_test passed: 3 failed: 0 repeat: 3 loops: 1000000 avg: 2895689 usec
Summary: align_shift_alloc_test passed: 0 failed: 3 repeat: 3 loops: 1000000 avg: 573 usec
Summary: pcpu_alloc_test passed: 3 failed: 0 repeat: 3 loops: 1000000 avg: 95802 usec
All test took CPU0=192945605995 cycles
<snip>
The align_shift_alloc_test is expected to be failed.
Stressing:
In order to stress the vmalloc subsystem we run all available test cases
on all available CPUs simultaneously. In order to prevent constant behaviour
pattern, the test cases array is shuffled by default to randomize the order
of test execution.
For example if we want to run all tests(default), use all online CPUs(default)
with shuffled order(default) and to repeat each test 30 times. The command
would be like:
modprobe vmalloc_test test_repeat_count=30
Expected results are the system is alive, there are no any BUG_ONs or Kernel
Panics the tests are completed, no memory leaks.
[urezki@gmail.com: fix 32-bit builds]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190106214839.ffvjvmrn52uqog7k@pc636
[urezki@gmail.com: make CONFIG_TEST_VMALLOC depend on CONFIG_MMU]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190219085441.s6bg2gpy4esny5vw@pc636
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190103142108.20744-3-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-03-05 15:43:34 -08:00
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2014-01-23 15:54:38 -08:00
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2014-05-08 14:10:52 -07:00
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2014-05-13 09:58:44 -07:00
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2014-05-08 14:10:52 -07:00
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bpf: mini eBPF library, test stubs and verifier testsuite
1.
the library includes a trivial set of BPF syscall wrappers:
int bpf_create_map(int key_size, int value_size, int max_entries);
int bpf_update_elem(int fd, void *key, void *value);
int bpf_lookup_elem(int fd, void *key, void *value);
int bpf_delete_elem(int fd, void *key);
int bpf_get_next_key(int fd, void *key, void *next_key);
int bpf_prog_load(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
const struct sock_filter_int *insns, int insn_len,
const char *license);
bpf_prog_load() stores verifier log into global bpf_log_buf[] array
and BPF_*() macros to build instructions
2.
test stubs configure eBPF infra with 'unspec' map and program types.
These are fake types used by user space testsuite only.
3.
verifier tests valid and invalid programs and expects predefined
error log messages from kernel.
40 tests so far.
$ sudo ./test_verifier
#0 add+sub+mul OK
#1 unreachable OK
#2 unreachable2 OK
#3 out of range jump OK
#4 out of range jump2 OK
#5 test1 ld_imm64 OK
...
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2014-09-26 00:17:07 -07:00
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2014-05-08 14:10:52 -07:00
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2019-07-01 14:39:01 -07:00
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2018-02-06 15:38:27 -08:00
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lib: test module for find_*_bit() functions
find_bit functions are widely used in the kernel, including hot paths.
This module tests performance of those functions in 2 typical scenarios:
randomly filled bitmap with relatively equal distribution of set and
cleared bits, and sparse bitmap which has 1 set bit for 500 cleared
bits.
On ThunderX machine:
Start testing find_bit() with random-filled bitmap
find_next_bit: 240043 cycles, 164062 iterations
find_next_zero_bit: 312848 cycles, 163619 iterations
find_last_bit: 193748 cycles, 164062 iterations
find_first_bit: 177720874 cycles, 164062 iterations
Start testing find_bit() with sparse bitmap
find_next_bit: 3633 cycles, 656 iterations
find_next_zero_bit: 620399 cycles, 327025 iterations
find_last_bit: 3038 cycles, 656 iterations
find_first_bit: 691407 cycles, 656 iterations
[arnd@arndb.de: use correct format string for find-bit tests]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171113135605.3166307-1-arnd@arndb.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171109140714.13168-1-ynorov@caviumnetworks.com
Signed-off-by: Yury Norov <ynorov@caviumnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Clement Courbet <courbet@google.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-17 15:28:31 -08:00
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2014-07-14 14:38:12 -07:00
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2017-07-12 14:33:43 -07:00
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2019-09-23 02:02:47 -07:00
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2020-05-11 15:14:29 +02:00
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2019-09-23 02:02:47 -07:00
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2020-05-11 15:14:29 +02:00
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2019-09-23 02:02:47 -07:00
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2019-10-24 15:46:31 -07:00
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2020-05-11 15:14:29 +02:00
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2019-10-24 15:46:31 -07:00
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2020-05-11 15:14:29 +02:00
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2019-10-24 15:46:31 -07:00
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2020-08-11 18:34:50 -07:00
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2019-10-24 15:46:31 -07:00
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2020-05-08 18:40:43 +03:00
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2020-08-11 18:35:03 -07:00
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2014-06-16 14:58:32 -07:00
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2015-08-03 11:42:57 +02:00
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2015-07-30 03:59:44 +00:00
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2015-08-03 11:42:57 +02:00
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2015-07-30 03:59:44 +00:00
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kmod: add test driver to stress test the module loader
This adds a new stress test driver for kmod: the kernel module loader.
The new stress test driver, test_kmod, is only enabled as a module right
now. It should be possible to load this as built-in and load tests
early (refer to the force_init_test module parameter), however since a
lot of test can get a system out of memory fast we leave this disabled
for now.
Using a system with 1024 MiB of RAM can *easily* get your kernel OOM
fast with this test driver.
The test_kmod driver exposes API knobs for us to fine tune simple
request_module() and get_fs_type() calls. Since these API calls only
allow each one parameter a test driver for these is rather simple.
Other factors that can help out test driver though are the number of
calls we issue and knowing current limitations of each. This exposes
configuration as much as possible through userspace to be able to build
tests directly from userspace.
Since it allows multiple misc devices its will eventually (once we add a
knob to let us create new devices at will) also be possible to perform
more tests in parallel, provided you have enough memory.
We only enable tests we know work as of right now.
Demo screenshots:
# tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh
kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - Return value: 256 (MODULE_NOT_FOUND), expected MODULE_NOT_FOUND
kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - Return value: -22 (-EINVAL), expected -EINVAL
kmod_test_0002_driver: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0002_driver: OK! - Return value: 256 (MODULE_NOT_FOUND), expected MODULE_NOT_FOUND
kmod_test_0002_fs: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0002_fs: OK! - Return value: -22 (-EINVAL), expected -EINVAL
kmod_test_0003: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0003: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
kmod_test_0004: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0004: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
kmod_test_0005: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0005: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
kmod_test_0006: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0006: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
kmod_test_0005: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0005: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
kmod_test_0006: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0006: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
XXX: add test restult for 0007
Test completed
You can also request for specific tests:
# tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh -t 0001
kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - Return value: 256 (MODULE_NOT_FOUND), expected MODULE_NOT_FOUND
kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - Return value: -22 (-EINVAL), expected -EINVAL
Test completed
Lastly, the current available number of tests:
# tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh --help
Usage: tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh [ -t <4-number-digit> ]
Valid tests: 0001-0009
0001 - Simple test - 1 thread for empty string
0002 - Simple test - 1 thread for modules/filesystems that do not exist
0003 - Simple test - 1 thread for get_fs_type() only
0004 - Simple test - 2 threads for get_fs_type() only
0005 - multithreaded tests with default setup - request_module() only
0006 - multithreaded tests with default setup - get_fs_type() only
0007 - multithreaded tests with default setup test request_module() and get_fs_type()
0008 - multithreaded - push kmod_concurrent over max_modprobes for request_module()
0009 - multithreaded - push kmod_concurrent over max_modprobes for get_fs_type()
The following test cases currently fail, as such they are not currently
enabled by default:
# tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh -t 0008
# tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh -t 0009
To be sure to run them as intended please unload both of the modules:
o test_module
o xfs
And ensure they are not loaded on your system prior to testing them. If
you use these paritions for your rootfs you can change the default test
driver used for get_fs_type() by exporting it into your environment. For
example of other test defaults you can override refer to kmod.sh
allow_user_defaults().
Behind the scenes this is how we fine tune at a test case prior to
hitting a trigger to run it:
cat /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config
echo -n "2" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_test_case
echo -n "ext4" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_test_fs
echo -n "80" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_num_threads
cat /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config
echo -n "1" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_num_threads
Finally to trigger:
echo -n "1" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/trigger_config
The kmod.sh script uses the above constructs to build different test cases.
A bit of interpretation of the current failures follows, first two
premises:
a) When request_module() is used userspace figures out an optimized
version of module order for us. Once it finds the modules it needs, as
per depmod symbol dep map, it will finit_module() the respective
modules which are needed for the original request_module() request.
b) We have an optimization in place whereby if a kernel uses
request_module() on a module already loaded we never bother userspace
as the module already is loaded. This is all handled by kernel/kmod.c.
A few things to consider to help identify root causes of issues:
0) kmod 19 has a broken heuristic for modules being assumed to be
built-in to your kernel and will return 0 even though request_module()
failed. Upgrade to a newer version of kmod.
1) A get_fs_type() call for "xfs" will request_module() for "fs-xfs",
not for "xfs". The optimization in kernel described in b) fails to
catch if we have a lot of consecutive get_fs_type() calls. The reason
is the optimization in place does not look for aliases. This means two
consecutive get_fs_type() calls will bump kmod_concurrent, whereas
request_module() will not.
This one explanation why test case 0009 fails at least once for
get_fs_type().
2) If a module fails to load --- for whatever reason (kmod_concurrent
limit reached, file not yet present due to rootfs switch, out of
memory) we have a period of time during which module request for the
same name either with request_module() or get_fs_type() will *also*
fail to load even if the file for the module is ready.
This explains why *multiple* NULLs are possible on test 0009.
3) finit_module() consumes quite a bit of memory.
4) Filesystems typically also have more dependent modules than other
modules, its important to note though that even though a get_fs_type()
call does not incur additional kmod_concurrent bumps, since userspace
loads dependencies it finds it needs via finit_module_fd(), it *will*
take much more memory to load a module with a lot of dependencies.
Because of 3) and 4) we will easily run into out of memory failures with
certain tests. For instance test 0006 fails on qemu with 1024 MiB of RAM.
It panics a box after reaping all userspace processes and still not
having enough memory to reap.
[arnd@arndb.de: add dependencies for test module]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170630154834.3689272-1-arnd@arndb.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170628223155.26472-3-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-14 14:50:08 -07:00
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2019-04-25 22:23:44 -07:00
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kmod: add test driver to stress test the module loader
This adds a new stress test driver for kmod: the kernel module loader.
The new stress test driver, test_kmod, is only enabled as a module right
now. It should be possible to load this as built-in and load tests
early (refer to the force_init_test module parameter), however since a
lot of test can get a system out of memory fast we leave this disabled
for now.
Using a system with 1024 MiB of RAM can *easily* get your kernel OOM
fast with this test driver.
The test_kmod driver exposes API knobs for us to fine tune simple
request_module() and get_fs_type() calls. Since these API calls only
allow each one parameter a test driver for these is rather simple.
Other factors that can help out test driver though are the number of
calls we issue and knowing current limitations of each. This exposes
configuration as much as possible through userspace to be able to build
tests directly from userspace.
Since it allows multiple misc devices its will eventually (once we add a
knob to let us create new devices at will) also be possible to perform
more tests in parallel, provided you have enough memory.
We only enable tests we know work as of right now.
Demo screenshots:
# tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh
kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - Return value: 256 (MODULE_NOT_FOUND), expected MODULE_NOT_FOUND
kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - Return value: -22 (-EINVAL), expected -EINVAL
kmod_test_0002_driver: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0002_driver: OK! - Return value: 256 (MODULE_NOT_FOUND), expected MODULE_NOT_FOUND
kmod_test_0002_fs: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0002_fs: OK! - Return value: -22 (-EINVAL), expected -EINVAL
kmod_test_0003: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0003: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
kmod_test_0004: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0004: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
kmod_test_0005: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0005: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
kmod_test_0006: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0006: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
kmod_test_0005: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0005: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
kmod_test_0006: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0006: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS
XXX: add test restult for 0007
Test completed
You can also request for specific tests:
# tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh -t 0001
kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - Return value: 256 (MODULE_NOT_FOUND), expected MODULE_NOT_FOUND
kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - loading kmod test
kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - Return value: -22 (-EINVAL), expected -EINVAL
Test completed
Lastly, the current available number of tests:
# tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh --help
Usage: tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh [ -t <4-number-digit> ]
Valid tests: 0001-0009
0001 - Simple test - 1 thread for empty string
0002 - Simple test - 1 thread for modules/filesystems that do not exist
0003 - Simple test - 1 thread for get_fs_type() only
0004 - Simple test - 2 threads for get_fs_type() only
0005 - multithreaded tests with default setup - request_module() only
0006 - multithreaded tests with default setup - get_fs_type() only
0007 - multithreaded tests with default setup test request_module() and get_fs_type()
0008 - multithreaded - push kmod_concurrent over max_modprobes for request_module()
0009 - multithreaded - push kmod_concurrent over max_modprobes for get_fs_type()
The following test cases currently fail, as such they are not currently
enabled by default:
# tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh -t 0008
# tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh -t 0009
To be sure to run them as intended please unload both of the modules:
o test_module
o xfs
And ensure they are not loaded on your system prior to testing them. If
you use these paritions for your rootfs you can change the default test
driver used for get_fs_type() by exporting it into your environment. For
example of other test defaults you can override refer to kmod.sh
allow_user_defaults().
Behind the scenes this is how we fine tune at a test case prior to
hitting a trigger to run it:
cat /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config
echo -n "2" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_test_case
echo -n "ext4" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_test_fs
echo -n "80" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_num_threads
cat /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config
echo -n "1" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_num_threads
Finally to trigger:
echo -n "1" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/trigger_config
The kmod.sh script uses the above constructs to build different test cases.
A bit of interpretation of the current failures follows, first two
premises:
a) When request_module() is used userspace figures out an optimized
version of module order for us. Once it finds the modules it needs, as
per depmod symbol dep map, it will finit_module() the respective
modules which are needed for the original request_module() request.
b) We have an optimization in place whereby if a kernel uses
request_module() on a module already loaded we never bother userspace
as the module already is loaded. This is all handled by kernel/kmod.c.
A few things to consider to help identify root causes of issues:
0) kmod 19 has a broken heuristic for modules being assumed to be
built-in to your kernel and will return 0 even though request_module()
failed. Upgrade to a newer version of kmod.
1) A get_fs_type() call for "xfs" will request_module() for "fs-xfs",
not for "xfs". The optimization in kernel described in b) fails to
catch if we have a lot of consecutive get_fs_type() calls. The reason
is the optimization in place does not look for aliases. This means two
consecutive get_fs_type() calls will bump kmod_concurrent, whereas
request_module() will not.
This one explanation why test case 0009 fails at least once for
get_fs_type().
2) If a module fails to load --- for whatever reason (kmod_concurrent
limit reached, file not yet present due to rootfs switch, out of
memory) we have a period of time during which module request for the
same name either with request_module() or get_fs_type() will *also*
fail to load even if the file for the module is ready.
This explains why *multiple* NULLs are possible on test 0009.
3) finit_module() consumes quite a bit of memory.
4) Filesystems typically also have more dependent modules than other
modules, its important to note though that even though a get_fs_type()
call does not incur additional kmod_concurrent bumps, since userspace
loads dependencies it finds it needs via finit_module_fd(), it *will*
take much more memory to load a module with a lot of dependencies.
Because of 3) and 4) we will easily run into out of memory failures with
certain tests. For instance test 0006 fails on qemu with 1024 MiB of RAM.
It panics a box after reaping all userspace processes and still not
having enough memory to reap.
[arnd@arndb.de: add dependencies for test module]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170630154834.3689272-1-arnd@arndb.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170628223155.26472-3-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-07-14 14:50:08 -07:00
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2017-09-08 16:15:31 -07:00
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2018-10-05 15:43:05 +03:00
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2019-01-09 13:43:29 +01:00
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2019-01-31 11:41:24 -05:00
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2019-01-09 13:43:29 +01:00
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2018-11-14 08:22:28 +00:00
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2019-01-23 12:24:32 -07:00
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2019-07-16 16:27:27 -07:00
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2020-04-22 12:50:26 -07:00
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2020-06-18 16:37:37 +02:00
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2018-02-06 15:38:38 -08:00
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2017-10-13 15:57:33 -07:00
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2020-06-14 01:50:22 +09:00
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2017-10-13 15:57:33 -07:00
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2015-11-19 18:19:29 -08:00
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2018-07-31 13:39:31 +02:00
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2019-10-03 17:01:49 -04:00
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2019-12-17 20:51:56 -08:00
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2018-07-31 13:39:31 +02:00
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