linux/lib/string.c

864 lines
18 KiB

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 15:07:57 +01:00
kmsan: disable strscpy() optimization under KMSAN Disable the efficient 8-byte reading under KMSAN to avoid false positives. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220915150417.722975-26-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-09-15 17:03:59 +02:00
lib/string.c: implement stpcpy LLVM implemented a recent "libcall optimization" that lowers calls to `sprintf(dest, "%s", str)` where the return value is used to `stpcpy(dest, str) - dest`. This generally avoids the machinery involved in parsing format strings. `stpcpy` is just like `strcpy` except it returns the pointer to the new tail of `dest`. This optimization was introduced into clang-12. Implement this so that we don't observe linkage failures due to missing symbol definitions for `stpcpy`. Similar to last year's fire drill with: commit 5f074f3e192f ("lib/string.c: implement a basic bcmp") The kernel is somewhere between a "freestanding" environment (no full libc) and "hosted" environment (many symbols from libc exist with the same type, function signature, and semantics). As Peter Anvin notes, there's not really a great way to inform the compiler that you're targeting a freestanding environment but would like to opt-in to some libcall optimizations (see pr/47280 below), rather than opt-out. Arvind notes, -fno-builtin-* behaves slightly differently between GCC and Clang, and Clang is missing many __builtin_* definitions, which I consider a bug in Clang and am working on fixing. Masahiro summarizes the subtle distinction between compilers justly: To prevent transformation from foo() into bar(), there are two ways in Clang to do that; -fno-builtin-foo, and -fno-builtin-bar. There is only one in GCC; -fno-buitin-foo. (Any difference in that behavior in Clang is likely a bug from a missing __builtin_* definition.) Masahiro also notes: We want to disable optimization from foo() to bar(), but we may still benefit from the optimization from foo() into something else. If GCC implements the same transform, we would run into a problem because it is not -fno-builtin-bar, but -fno-builtin-foo that disables that optimization. In this regard, -fno-builtin-foo would be more future-proof than -fno-built-bar, but -fno-builtin-foo is still potentially overkill. We may want to prevent calls from foo() being optimized into calls to bar(), but we still may want other optimization on calls to foo(). It seems that compilers today don't quite provide the fine grain control over which libcall optimizations pseudo-freestanding environments would prefer. Finally, Kees notes that this interface is unsafe, so we should not encourage its use. As such, I've removed the declaration from any header, but it still needs to be exported to avoid linkage errors in modules. Reported-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com> Suggested-by: Andy Lavr <andy.lavr@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu> Suggested-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Suggested-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Suggested-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200914161643.938408-1-ndesaulniers@google.com Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47162 Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47280 Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1126 Link: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/stpcpy.3.html Link: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/stpcpy.html Link: https://reviews.llvm.org/D85963 Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-09-25 21:19:18 -07:00
lib/string: add strnchrnul() Patch series "lib: rework bitmap_parse", v5. Similarl to the recently revisited bitmap_parselist(), bitmap_parse() is ineffective and overcomplicated. This series reworks it, aligns its interface with bitmap_parselist() and makes it simpler to use. The series also adds a test for the function and fixes usage of it in cpumask_parse() according to the new design - drops the calculating of length of an input string. bitmap_parse() takes the array of numbers to be put into the map in the BE order which is reversed to the natural LE order for bitmaps. For example, to construct bitmap containing a bit on the position 42, we have to put a line '400,0'. Current implementation reads chunk one by one from the beginning ('400' before '0') and makes bitmap shift after each successful parse. It makes the complexity of the whole process as O(n^2). We can do it in reverse direction ('0' before '400') and avoid shifting, but it requires reverse parsing helpers. This patch (of 7): New function works like strchrnul() with a length limited string. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200102043031.30357-2-yury.norov@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Amritha Nambiar <amritha.nambiar@intel.com> Cc: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: "Tobin C . Harding" <tobin@kernel.org> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vineet.gupta1@synopsys.com> Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com> Cc: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-02-03 17:37:20 -08:00
lib/string.c: add multibyte memset functions Patch series "Multibyte memset variations", v4. A relatively common idiom we're missing is a function to fill an area of memory with a pattern which is larger than a single byte. I first noticed this with a zram patch which wanted to fill a page with an 'unsigned long' value. There turn out to be quite a few places in the kernel which can benefit from using an optimised function rather than a loop; sometimes text size, sometimes speed, and sometimes both. The optimised PowerPC version (not included here) improves performance by about 30% on POWER8 on just the raw memset_l(). Most of the extra lines of code come from the three testcases I added. This patch (of 8): memset16(), memset32() and memset64() are like memset(), but allow the caller to fill the destination with a value larger than a single byte. memset_l() and memset_p() allow the caller to use unsigned long and pointer values respectively. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170720184539.31609-2-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-09-08 16:13:48 -07:00
lib/string.c: implement a basic bcmp A recent optimization in Clang (r355672) lowers comparisons of the return value of memcmp against zero to comparisons of the return value of bcmp against zero. This helps some platforms that implement bcmp more efficiently than memcmp. glibc simply aliases bcmp to memcmp, but an optimized implementation is in the works. This results in linkage failures for all targets with Clang due to the undefined symbol. For now, just implement bcmp as a tailcail to memcmp to unbreak the build. This routine can be further optimized in the future. Other ideas discussed: * A weak alias was discussed, but breaks for architectures that define their own implementations of memcmp since aliases to declarations are not permitted (only definitions). Arch-specific memcmp implementations typically declare memcmp in C headers, but implement them in assembly. * -ffreestanding also is used sporadically throughout the kernel. * -fno-builtin-bcmp doesn't work when doing LTO. Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=41035 Link: https://code.woboq.org/userspace/glibc/string/memcmp.c.html#bcmp Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/8e16d73346f8091461319a7dfc4ddd18eedcff13 Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/416 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190313211335.165605-1-ndesaulniers@google.com Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reported-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org> Suggested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Suggested-by: James Y Knight <jyknight@google.com> Suggested-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> Suggested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@ACULAB.COM> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-04-05 18:38:45 -07:00