2009-06-24 15:13:38 +09:00
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2022-10-27 17:59:06 +02:00
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2024-03-21 09:36:35 -07:00
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2009-06-24 15:13:38 +09:00
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2017-03-01 12:04:44 -06:00
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2024-04-17 13:35:30 +08:00
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2025-02-02 03:51:41 +09:00
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2017-03-01 12:04:44 -06:00
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2011-04-14 14:59:39 +02:00
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2023-11-22 23:18:12 +01:00
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module: add kflagstab section to vmlinux and modules
This patch introduces a __kflagstab section to store symbol flags in a
dedicated data structure, similar to how CRCs are handled in the
__kcrctab.
The flags for a given symbol in __kflagstab will be located at the same
index as the symbol's entry in __ksymtab and its CRC in __kcrctab. This
design decouples the flags from the symbol table itself, allowing us to
maintain a single, sorted __ksymtab. As a result, the symbol search
remains an efficient, single lookup, regardless of the number of flags
we add in the future.
The motivation for this change comes from the Android kernel, which uses
an additional symbol flag to restrict the use of certain exported
symbols by unsigned modules, thereby enhancing kernel security. This
__kflagstab can be implemented as a bitmap to efficiently manage which
symbols are available for general use versus those restricted to signed
modules only.
This section will contain read-only data for values of kernel symbol
flags in the form of an 8-bit bitsets for each kernel symbol. Each bit
in the bitset represents a flag value defined by ksym_flags enumeration.
Petr Pavlu ran a small test to get a better understanding of the
different section sizes resulting from this patch series. He used
v6.17-rc6 together with the openSUSE x86_64 config [1], which is fairly
large. The resulting vmlinux.bin (no debuginfo) had an on-disk size of
58 MiB, and included 5937 + 6589 (GPL-only) exported symbols.
The following table summarizes his measurements and calculations
regarding the sizes of all sections related to exported symbols:
| HAVE_ARCH_PREL32_RELOCATIONS | !HAVE_ARCH_PREL32_RELOCATIONS
Section | Base [B] | Ext. [B] | Sep. [B] | Base [B] | Ext. [B] | Sep. [B]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
__ksymtab | 71244 | 200416 | 150312 | 142488 | 400832 | 300624
__ksymtab_gpl | 79068 | NA | NA | 158136 | NA | NA
__kcrctab | 23748 | 50104 | 50104 | 23748 | 50104 | 50104
__kcrctab_gpl | 26356 | NA | NA | 26356 | NA | NA
__ksymtab_strings | 253628 | 253628 | 253628 | 253628 | 253628 | 253628
__kflagstab | NA | NA | 12526 | NA | NA | 12526
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total | 454044 | 504148 | 466570 | 604356 | 704564 | 616882
Increase to base [%] | NA | 11.0 | 2.8 | NA | 16.6 | 2.1
The column "HAVE_ARCH_PREL32_RELOCATIONS -> Base" contains the measured
numbers. The rest of the values are calculated. The "Ext." column
represents an alternative approach of extending __ksymtab to include a
bitset of symbol flags, and the "Sep." column represents the approach of
having a separate __kflagstab. With HAVE_ARCH_PREL32_RELOCATIONS, each
kernel_symbol is 12 B in size and is extended to 16 B. With
!HAVE_ARCH_PREL32_RELOCATIONS, it is 24 B, extended to 32 B. Note that
this does not include the metadata needed to relocate __ksymtab*, which
is freed after the initial processing.
Adding __kflagstab as a separate section has a negligible impact, as
expected. When extending __ksymtab (kernel_symbol) instead, the worst
case with !HAVE_ARCH_PREL32_RELOCATIONS increases the export data size
by 16.6%. Note that the larger increase in size for the latter approach
is due to 4-byte alignment of kernel_symbol data structure, instead of
1-byte alignment for the flags bitset in __kflagstab in the former
approach.
Based on the above, it was concluded that introducing __kflagstab makes
sense, as the added complexity is minimal over extending kernel_symbol,
and there is overall simplification of symbol finding logic in the
module loader.
Signed-off-by: Siddharth Nayyar <sidnayyar@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
[Sami: Updated commit message to include details from the cover letter.]
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
2026-03-26 21:25:03 +00:00
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2015-02-13 14:40:10 -08:00
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2021-07-06 15:02:52 +02:00
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2017-03-07 17:31:08 -08:00
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2017-03-01 14:04:53 -08:00
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2022-07-08 11:44:54 +02:00
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2017-03-01 14:04:53 -08:00
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2023-11-22 23:18:14 +01:00
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2020-12-11 10:46:22 -08:00
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module.lds,codetag: force 0 sh_addr for sections
Commit 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and
related macros") added .text and made .data, .bss, and .rodata sections
unconditional in the module linker script, but without an explicit
address like the other sections in the same file.
When linking modules with ld.bfd -r, sections defined without an address
inherit the location counter, resulting in non-zero sh_addr values in
the .ko. Relocatable objects are expected to have sh_addr=0 for these
sections and these non-zero addresses confuse elfutils and have been
reported to cause segmentation faults in SystemTap [1].
Add the 0 address specifier to all sections in module.lds, including the
.codetag.* sections via MOD_SEPARATE_CODETAG_SECTIONS macro.
Link: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33958
Fixes: 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and related macros")
Signed-off-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
2026-03-04 20:52:37 -05:00
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2020-12-11 10:46:22 -08:00
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2026-01-23 11:26:57 +01:00
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objtool/klp: Introduce klp diff subcommand for diffing object files
Add a new klp diff subcommand which performs a binary diff between two
object files and extracts changed functions into a new object which can
then be linked into a livepatch module.
This builds on concepts from the longstanding out-of-tree kpatch [1]
project which began in 2012 and has been used for many years to generate
livepatch modules for production kernels. However, this is a complete
rewrite which incorporates hard-earned lessons from 12+ years of
maintaining kpatch.
Key improvements compared to kpatch-build:
- Integrated with objtool: Leverages objtool's existing control-flow
graph analysis to help detect changed functions.
- Works on vmlinux.o: Supports late-linked objects, making it
compatible with LTO, IBT, and similar.
- Simplified code base: ~3k fewer lines of code.
- Upstream: No more out-of-tree #ifdef hacks, far less cruft.
- Cleaner internals: Vastly simplified logic for symbol/section/reloc
inclusion and special section extraction.
- Robust __LINE__ macro handling: Avoids false positive binary diffs
caused by the __LINE__ macro by introducing a fix-patch-lines script
(coming in a later patch) which injects #line directives into the
source .patch to preserve the original line numbers at compile time.
Note the end result of this subcommand is not yet functionally complete.
Livepatch needs some ELF magic which linkers don't like:
- Two relocation sections (.rela*, .klp.rela*) for the same text
section.
- Use of SHN_LIVEPATCH to mark livepatch symbols.
Unfortunately linkers tend to mangle such things. To work around that,
klp diff generates a linker-compliant intermediate binary which encodes
the relevant KLP section/reloc/symbol metadata.
After module linking, a klp post-link step (coming soon) will clean up
the mess and convert the linked .ko into a fully compliant livepatch
module.
Note this subcommand requires the diffed binaries to have been compiled
with -ffunction-sections and -fdata-sections, and processed with
'objtool --checksum'. Those constraints will be handled by a klp-build
script introduced in a later patch.
Without '-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections', reliable object diffing
would be infeasible due to toolchain limitations:
- For intra-file+intra-section references, the compiler might
occasionally generated hard-coded instruction offsets instead of
relocations.
- Section-symbol-based references can be ambiguous:
- Overlapping or zero-length symbols create ambiguity as to which
symbol is being referenced.
- A reference to the end of a symbol (e.g., checking array bounds)
can be misinterpreted as a reference to the next symbol, or vice
versa.
A potential future alternative to '-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections'
would be to introduce a toolchain option that forces symbol-based
(non-section) relocations.
Acked-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Tested-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
2025-09-17 09:03:59 -07:00
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2022-09-08 14:54:47 -07:00
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module.lds,codetag: force 0 sh_addr for sections
Commit 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and
related macros") added .text and made .data, .bss, and .rodata sections
unconditional in the module linker script, but without an explicit
address like the other sections in the same file.
When linking modules with ld.bfd -r, sections defined without an address
inherit the location counter, resulting in non-zero sh_addr values in
the .ko. Relocatable objects are expected to have sh_addr=0 for these
sections and these non-zero addresses confuse elfutils and have been
reported to cause segmentation faults in SystemTap [1].
Add the 0 address specifier to all sections in module.lds, including the
.codetag.* sections via MOD_SEPARATE_CODETAG_SECTIONS macro.
Link: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33958
Fixes: 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and related macros")
Signed-off-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
2026-03-04 20:52:37 -05:00
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2022-09-08 14:54:47 -07:00
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2026-04-07 22:07:22 +02:00
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module.lds,codetag: force 0 sh_addr for sections
Commit 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and
related macros") added .text and made .data, .bss, and .rodata sections
unconditional in the module linker script, but without an explicit
address like the other sections in the same file.
When linking modules with ld.bfd -r, sections defined without an address
inherit the location counter, resulting in non-zero sh_addr values in
the .ko. Relocatable objects are expected to have sh_addr=0 for these
sections and these non-zero addresses confuse elfutils and have been
reported to cause segmentation faults in SystemTap [1].
Add the 0 address specifier to all sections in module.lds, including the
.codetag.* sections via MOD_SEPARATE_CODETAG_SECTIONS macro.
Link: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33958
Fixes: 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and related macros")
Signed-off-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
2026-03-04 20:52:37 -05:00
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2025-09-17 09:03:10 -07:00
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2026-04-07 22:07:22 +02:00
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2025-09-17 09:03:10 -07:00
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module.lds,codetag: force 0 sh_addr for sections
Commit 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and
related macros") added .text and made .data, .bss, and .rodata sections
unconditional in the module linker script, but without an explicit
address like the other sections in the same file.
When linking modules with ld.bfd -r, sections defined without an address
inherit the location counter, resulting in non-zero sh_addr values in
the .ko. Relocatable objects are expected to have sh_addr=0 for these
sections and these non-zero addresses confuse elfutils and have been
reported to cause segmentation faults in SystemTap [1].
Add the 0 address specifier to all sections in module.lds, including the
.codetag.* sections via MOD_SEPARATE_CODETAG_SECTIONS macro.
Link: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33958
Fixes: 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and related macros")
Signed-off-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
2026-03-04 20:52:37 -05:00
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2020-12-11 10:46:22 -08:00
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module.lds,codetag: force 0 sh_addr for sections
Commit 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and
related macros") added .text and made .data, .bss, and .rodata sections
unconditional in the module linker script, but without an explicit
address like the other sections in the same file.
When linking modules with ld.bfd -r, sections defined without an address
inherit the location counter, resulting in non-zero sh_addr values in
the .ko. Relocatable objects are expected to have sh_addr=0 for these
sections and these non-zero addresses confuse elfutils and have been
reported to cause segmentation faults in SystemTap [1].
Add the 0 address specifier to all sections in module.lds, including the
.codetag.* sections via MOD_SEPARATE_CODETAG_SECTIONS macro.
Link: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33958
Fixes: 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and related macros")
Signed-off-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
2026-03-04 20:52:37 -05:00
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2020-12-11 10:46:22 -08:00
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module.lds,codetag: force 0 sh_addr for sections
Commit 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and
related macros") added .text and made .data, .bss, and .rodata sections
unconditional in the module linker script, but without an explicit
address like the other sections in the same file.
When linking modules with ld.bfd -r, sections defined without an address
inherit the location counter, resulting in non-zero sh_addr values in
the .ko. Relocatable objects are expected to have sh_addr=0 for these
sections and these non-zero addresses confuse elfutils and have been
reported to cause segmentation faults in SystemTap [1].
Add the 0 address specifier to all sections in module.lds, including the
.codetag.* sections via MOD_SEPARATE_CODETAG_SECTIONS macro.
Link: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33958
Fixes: 1ba9f8979426 ("vmlinux.lds: Unify TEXT_MAIN, DATA_MAIN, and related macros")
Signed-off-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu <petr.pavlu@suse.com>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
2026-03-04 20:52:37 -05:00
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2020-12-11 10:46:22 -08:00
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2025-09-17 09:03:10 -07:00
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2024-10-23 10:07:56 -07:00
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2009-06-24 15:13:38 +09:00
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2020-09-08 13:27:08 +09:00
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