From 20b781834ea0037b63c657e15b5aa4cfb4dd9b8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] fs: remove inode_update_time

The only external user is gone now, open code it in the two VFS
callers.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-2-hch@lst.de
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 fs/inode.c         | 23 ++++++++---------------
 include/linux/fs.h |  1 -
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/inode.c b/fs/inode.c
index 521383223d8a..07effa0cb999 100644
--- a/fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/inode.c
@@ -2157,19 +2157,6 @@ int generic_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_update_time);
 
-/*
- * This does the actual work of updating an inodes time or version.  Must have
- * had called mnt_want_write() before calling this.
- */
-int inode_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
-{
-	if (inode->i_op->update_time)
-		return inode->i_op->update_time(inode, flags);
-	generic_update_time(inode, flags);
-	return 0;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_update_time);
-
 /**
  *	atime_needs_update	-	update the access time
  *	@path: the &struct path to update
@@ -2237,7 +2224,10 @@ void touch_atime(const struct path *path)
 	 * We may also fail on filesystems that have the ability to make parts
 	 * of the fs read only, e.g. subvolumes in Btrfs.
 	 */
-	inode_update_time(inode, S_ATIME);
+	if (inode->i_op->update_time)
+		inode->i_op->update_time(inode, S_ATIME);
+	else
+		generic_update_time(inode, S_ATIME);
 	mnt_put_write_access(mnt);
 skip_update:
 	sb_end_write(inode->i_sb);
@@ -2392,7 +2382,10 @@ static int file_update_time_flags(struct file *file, unsigned int flags)
 
 	if (mnt_get_write_access_file(file))
 		return 0;
-	ret = inode_update_time(inode, sync_mode);
+	if (inode->i_op->update_time)
+		ret = inode->i_op->update_time(inode, sync_mode);
+	else
+		ret = generic_update_time(inode, sync_mode);
 	mnt_put_write_access_file(file);
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h
index 04ceeca12a0d..294e4c0b5aa8 100644
--- a/include/linux/fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/fs.h
@@ -2246,7 +2246,6 @@ enum file_time_flags {
 
 extern bool atime_needs_update(const struct path *, struct inode *);
 extern void touch_atime(const struct path *);
-int inode_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags);
 
 static inline void file_accessed(struct file *file)
 {

From dc9629faef0a3d3cd35aff22806376700275a8b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] fs: allow error returns from generic_update_time

Now that no caller looks at the updated flags, switch generic_update_time
to the same calling convention as the ->update_time method and return 0
or a negative errno.

This prepares for adding non-blocking timestamp updates that could return
-EAGAIN.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-3-hch@lst.de
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 fs/gfs2/inode.c    | 3 +--
 fs/inode.c         | 4 ++--
 fs/ubifs/file.c    | 6 ++----
 fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c  | 6 ++----
 include/linux/fs.h | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/gfs2/inode.c b/fs/gfs2/inode.c
index 36618e353199..e08eb419347c 100644
--- a/fs/gfs2/inode.c
+++ b/fs/gfs2/inode.c
@@ -2257,8 +2257,7 @@ static int gfs2_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 		if (error)
 			return error;
 	}
-	generic_update_time(inode, flags);
-	return 0;
+	return generic_update_time(inode, flags);
 }
 
 static const struct inode_operations gfs2_file_iops = {
diff --git a/fs/inode.c b/fs/inode.c
index 07effa0cb999..7eb28dd45a5a 100644
--- a/fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/inode.c
@@ -2141,7 +2141,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_update_timestamps);
  * or S_VERSION need to be updated we attempt to update all three of them. S_ATIME
  * updates can be handled done independently of the rest.
  *
- * Returns a S_* mask indicating which fields were updated.
+ * Returns a negative error value on error, else 0.
  */
 int generic_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 {
@@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ int generic_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 	if (updated & S_VERSION)
 		dirty_flags |= I_DIRTY_SYNC;
 	__mark_inode_dirty(inode, dirty_flags);
-	return updated;
+	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_update_time);
 
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/file.c b/fs/ubifs/file.c
index c3265b8804f5..ec1bb9f43acc 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/file.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/file.c
@@ -1379,10 +1379,8 @@ int ubifs_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 			.dirtied_ino_d = ALIGN(ui->data_len, 8) };
 	int err, release;
 
-	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UBIFS_ATIME_SUPPORT)) {
-		generic_update_time(inode, flags);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UBIFS_ATIME_SUPPORT))
+		return generic_update_time(inode, flags);
 
 	err = ubifs_budget_space(c, &req);
 	if (err)
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
index ad94fbf55014..9dedb54e3cb0 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
@@ -1197,10 +1197,8 @@ xfs_vn_update_time(
 
 	if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME) {
 		if (!((flags & S_VERSION) &&
-		      inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, false))) {
-			generic_update_time(inode, flags);
-			return 0;
-		}
+		      inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, false)))
+			return generic_update_time(inode, flags);
 
 		/* Capture the iversion update that just occurred */
 		log_flags |= XFS_ILOG_CORE;
diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h
index 294e4c0b5aa8..0983df0d0705 100644
--- a/include/linux/fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/fs.h
@@ -2399,7 +2399,7 @@ extern void ihold(struct inode * inode);
 extern void iput(struct inode *);
 void iput_not_last(struct inode *);
 int inode_update_timestamps(struct inode *inode, int flags);
-int generic_update_time(struct inode *, int);
+int generic_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags);
 
 /* /sys/fs */
 extern struct kobject *fs_kobj;

From b8b3002fbfef005cc7c00bfb1dcc9c1d0eecba8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:03 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] nfs: split nfs_update_timestamps

The VFS paths update either the atime or ctime and mtime but never mix
between atime and the others.  Split nfs_update_timestamps to match this
to prepare for cleaning up the VFS interfaces.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-4-hch@lst.de
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 fs/nfs/inode.c | 31 +++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/nfs/inode.c b/fs/nfs/inode.c
index 84049f3cd340..3be8ba7b98c5 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/inode.c
@@ -669,35 +669,31 @@ static void nfs_set_timestamps_to_ts(struct inode *inode, struct iattr *attr)
 	NFS_I(inode)->cache_validity &= ~cache_flags;
 }
 
-static void nfs_update_timestamps(struct inode *inode, unsigned int ia_valid)
+static void nfs_update_atime(struct inode *inode)
 {
-	enum file_time_flags time_flags = 0;
-	unsigned int cache_flags = 0;
+	inode_update_timestamps(inode, S_ATIME);
+	NFS_I(inode)->cache_validity &= ~NFS_INO_INVALID_ATIME;
+}
 
-	if (ia_valid & ATTR_MTIME) {
-		time_flags |= S_MTIME | S_CTIME;
-		cache_flags |= NFS_INO_INVALID_CTIME | NFS_INO_INVALID_MTIME;
-	}
-	if (ia_valid & ATTR_ATIME) {
-		time_flags |= S_ATIME;
-		cache_flags |= NFS_INO_INVALID_ATIME;
-	}
-	inode_update_timestamps(inode, time_flags);
-	NFS_I(inode)->cache_validity &= ~cache_flags;
+static void nfs_update_mtime(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	inode_update_timestamps(inode, S_MTIME | S_CTIME);
+	NFS_I(inode)->cache_validity &=
+		~(NFS_INO_INVALID_CTIME | NFS_INO_INVALID_MTIME);
 }
 
 void nfs_update_delegated_atime(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
 	if (nfs_have_delegated_atime(inode))
-		nfs_update_timestamps(inode, ATTR_ATIME);
+		nfs_update_atime(inode);
 	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
 }
 
 void nfs_update_delegated_mtime_locked(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	if (nfs_have_delegated_mtime(inode))
-		nfs_update_timestamps(inode, ATTR_MTIME);
+		nfs_update_mtime(inode);
 }
 
 void nfs_update_delegated_mtime(struct inode *inode)
@@ -747,7 +743,10 @@ nfs_setattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
 						ATTR_ATIME|ATTR_ATIME_SET);
 			}
 		} else {
-			nfs_update_timestamps(inode, attr->ia_valid);
+			if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_MTIME)
+				nfs_update_mtime(inode);
+			if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_ATIME)
+				nfs_update_atime(inode);
 			attr->ia_valid &= ~(ATTR_MTIME|ATTR_ATIME);
 		}
 		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);

From 1cbc822816758b2678e94800ce8eecc7b706fb84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:04 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] fat: cleanup the flags for fat_truncate_time

Fat only has a single on-disk timestamp covering ctime and mtime.  Add
fat-specific flags that indicate which timestamp fat_truncate_time should
update to make this more clear.  This allows removing no-op
fat_truncate_time calls with the S_CTIME flag and prepares for removing
the S_* flags.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-5-hch@lst.de
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 fs/fat/dir.c         |  2 +-
 fs/fat/fat.h         |  8 ++++----
 fs/fat/file.c        | 14 ++++++-------
 fs/fat/inode.c       |  2 +-
 fs/fat/misc.c        | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 fs/fat/namei_msdos.c | 13 +++++-------
 fs/fat/namei_vfat.c  |  9 ++++-----
 7 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/fat/dir.c b/fs/fat/dir.c
index 92b091783966..3d03bff40944 100644
--- a/fs/fat/dir.c
+++ b/fs/fat/dir.c
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@ int fat_remove_entries(struct inode *dir, struct fat_slot_info *sinfo)
 		}
 	}
 
-	fat_truncate_time(dir, NULL, S_ATIME|S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(dir, NULL, FAT_UPDATE_ATIME | FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
 		(void)fat_sync_inode(dir);
 	else
diff --git a/fs/fat/fat.h b/fs/fat/fat.h
index d3e426de5f01..767b566b1cab 100644
--- a/fs/fat/fat.h
+++ b/fs/fat/fat.h
@@ -468,10 +468,10 @@ extern void fat_time_unix2fat(struct msdos_sb_info *sbi, struct timespec64 *ts,
 			      __le16 *time, __le16 *date, u8 *time_cs);
 extern struct timespec64 fat_truncate_atime(const struct msdos_sb_info *sbi,
 					    const struct timespec64 *ts);
-extern struct timespec64 fat_truncate_mtime(const struct msdos_sb_info *sbi,
-					    const struct timespec64 *ts);
-extern int fat_truncate_time(struct inode *inode, struct timespec64 *now,
-			     int flags);
+#define FAT_UPDATE_ATIME	(1u << 0)
+#define FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME	(1u << 1)
+void fat_truncate_time(struct inode *inode, struct timespec64 *now,
+		unsigned int flags);
 extern int fat_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags);
 extern int fat_sync_bhs(struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr_bhs);
 
diff --git a/fs/fat/file.c b/fs/fat/file.c
index 4fc49a614fb8..f9bc93411aa2 100644
--- a/fs/fat/file.c
+++ b/fs/fat/file.c
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ static int fat_cont_expand(struct inode *inode, loff_t size)
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
-	fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, S_CTIME|S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	mark_inode_dirty(inode);
 	if (IS_SYNC(inode)) {
 		int err2;
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ static int fat_free(struct inode *inode, int skip)
 		MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart = 0;
 	}
 	MSDOS_I(inode)->i_attrs |= ATTR_ARCH;
-	fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, S_CTIME|S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	if (wait) {
 		err = fat_sync_inode(inode);
 		if (err) {
@@ -553,15 +553,13 @@ int fat_setattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * setattr_copy can't truncate these appropriately, so we'll
-	 * copy them ourselves
+	 * setattr_copy can't truncate these appropriately, so we'll copy them
+	 * ourselves.  See fat_truncate_time for the c/mtime logic on fat.
 	 */
 	if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_ATIME)
-		fat_truncate_time(inode, &attr->ia_atime, S_ATIME);
-	if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_CTIME)
-		fat_truncate_time(inode, &attr->ia_ctime, S_CTIME);
+		fat_truncate_time(inode, &attr->ia_atime, FAT_UPDATE_ATIME);
 	if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_MTIME)
-		fat_truncate_time(inode, &attr->ia_mtime, S_MTIME);
+		fat_truncate_time(inode, &attr->ia_mtime, FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	attr->ia_valid &= ~(ATTR_ATIME|ATTR_CTIME|ATTR_MTIME);
 
 	setattr_copy(idmap, inode, attr);
diff --git a/fs/fat/inode.c b/fs/fat/inode.c
index 0b6009cd1844..59fa90617b5b 100644
--- a/fs/fat/inode.c
+++ b/fs/fat/inode.c
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ static int fat_write_end(const struct kiocb *iocb,
 	if (err < len)
 		fat_write_failed(mapping, pos + len);
 	if (!(err < 0) && !(MSDOS_I(inode)->i_attrs & ATTR_ARCH)) {
-		fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, S_CTIME|S_MTIME);
+		fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 		MSDOS_I(inode)->i_attrs |= ATTR_ARCH;
 		mark_inode_dirty(inode);
 	}
diff --git a/fs/fat/misc.c b/fs/fat/misc.c
index 950da09f0961..78c620e9b3fd 100644
--- a/fs/fat/misc.c
+++ b/fs/fat/misc.c
@@ -299,54 +299,53 @@ struct timespec64 fat_truncate_atime(const struct msdos_sb_info *sbi,
 }
 
 /*
- * truncate mtime to 2 second granularity
+ * Update the in-inode atime and/or mtime after truncating the timestamp to the
+ * granularity.  All timestamps in root inode are always 0.
+ *
+ * ctime and mtime share the same on-disk field, and should be identical in
+ * memory.  All mtime updates will be applied to ctime, but ctime updates are
+ * ignored.
  */
-struct timespec64 fat_truncate_mtime(const struct msdos_sb_info *sbi,
-				     const struct timespec64 *ts)
-{
-	return fat_timespec64_trunc_2secs(*ts);
-}
-
-/*
- * truncate the various times with appropriate granularity:
- *   all times in root node are always 0
- */
-int fat_truncate_time(struct inode *inode, struct timespec64 *now, int flags)
+void fat_truncate_time(struct inode *inode, struct timespec64 *now,
+		unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(inode->i_sb);
 	struct timespec64 ts;
 
 	if (inode->i_ino == MSDOS_ROOT_INO)
-		return 0;
+		return;
 
 	if (now == NULL) {
 		now = &ts;
 		ts = current_time(inode);
 	}
 
-	if (flags & S_ATIME)
+	if (flags & FAT_UPDATE_ATIME)
 		inode_set_atime_to_ts(inode, fat_truncate_atime(sbi, now));
-	/*
-	 * ctime and mtime share the same on-disk field, and should be
-	 * identical in memory. all mtime updates will be applied to ctime,
-	 * but ctime updates are ignored.
-	 */
-	if (flags & S_MTIME)
-		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode,
-				      inode_set_ctime_to_ts(inode, fat_truncate_mtime(sbi, now)));
+	if (flags & FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME) {
+		/* truncate mtime to 2 second granularity */
+		struct timespec64 mtime = fat_timespec64_trunc_2secs(*now);
 
-	return 0;
+		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, mtime);
+		inode_set_ctime_to_ts(inode, mtime);
+	}
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fat_truncate_time);
 
 int fat_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 {
+	unsigned int fat_flags = 0;
 	int dirty_flags = 0;
 
 	if (inode->i_ino == MSDOS_ROOT_INO)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (flags & (S_ATIME | S_CTIME | S_MTIME)) {
+	if (flags & S_ATIME)
+		fat_flags |= FAT_UPDATE_ATIME;
+	if (flags & (S_CTIME | S_MTIME))
+		fat_flags |= FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME;
+
+	if (fat_flags) {
 		fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, flags);
 		if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME)
 			dirty_flags |= I_DIRTY_TIME;
diff --git a/fs/fat/namei_msdos.c b/fs/fat/namei_msdos.c
index 0b920ee40a7f..ba0152ed0810 100644
--- a/fs/fat/namei_msdos.c
+++ b/fs/fat/namei_msdos.c
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ static int msdos_add_entry(struct inode *dir, const unsigned char *name,
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
-	fat_truncate_time(dir, ts, S_CTIME|S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(dir, ts, FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
 		(void)fat_sync_inode(dir);
 	else
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ static int msdos_create(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
 		goto out;
 	}
-	fat_truncate_time(inode, &ts, S_ATIME|S_CTIME|S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(inode, &ts, FAT_UPDATE_ATIME | FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	/* timestamp is already written, so mark_inode_dirty() is unneeded. */
 
 	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
@@ -328,7 +328,6 @@ static int msdos_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	drop_nlink(dir);
 
 	clear_nlink(inode);
-	fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, S_CTIME);
 	fat_detach(inode);
 out:
 	mutex_unlock(&MSDOS_SB(sb)->s_lock);
@@ -382,7 +381,7 @@ static struct dentry *msdos_mkdir(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
 		goto out;
 	}
 	set_nlink(inode, 2);
-	fat_truncate_time(inode, &ts, S_ATIME|S_CTIME|S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(inode, &ts, FAT_UPDATE_ATIME | FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	/* timestamp is already written, so mark_inode_dirty() is unneeded. */
 
 	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
@@ -415,7 +414,6 @@ static int msdos_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 	clear_nlink(inode);
-	fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, S_CTIME);
 	fat_detach(inode);
 out:
 	mutex_unlock(&MSDOS_SB(sb)->s_lock);
@@ -480,7 +478,7 @@ static int do_msdos_rename(struct inode *old_dir, unsigned char *old_name,
 				mark_inode_dirty(old_inode);
 
 			inode_inc_iversion(old_dir);
-			fat_truncate_time(old_dir, NULL, S_CTIME|S_MTIME);
+			fat_truncate_time(old_dir, NULL, FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 			if (IS_DIRSYNC(old_dir))
 				(void)fat_sync_inode(old_dir);
 			else
@@ -540,7 +538,7 @@ static int do_msdos_rename(struct inode *old_dir, unsigned char *old_name,
 	if (err)
 		goto error_dotdot;
 	inode_inc_iversion(old_dir);
-	fat_truncate_time(old_dir, &ts, S_CTIME|S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(old_dir, &ts, FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	if (IS_DIRSYNC(old_dir))
 		(void)fat_sync_inode(old_dir);
 	else
@@ -550,7 +548,6 @@ static int do_msdos_rename(struct inode *old_dir, unsigned char *old_name,
 		drop_nlink(new_inode);
 		if (is_dir)
 			drop_nlink(new_inode);
-		fat_truncate_time(new_inode, &ts, S_CTIME);
 	}
 out:
 	brelse(sinfo.bh);
diff --git a/fs/fat/namei_vfat.c b/fs/fat/namei_vfat.c
index 5dbc4cbb8fce..e46f34cade1a 100644
--- a/fs/fat/namei_vfat.c
+++ b/fs/fat/namei_vfat.c
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ static int vfat_add_entry(struct inode *dir, const struct qstr *qname,
 		goto cleanup;
 
 	/* update timestamp */
-	fat_truncate_time(dir, ts, S_CTIME|S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(dir, ts, FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
 		(void)fat_sync_inode(dir);
 	else
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ static int vfat_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	drop_nlink(dir);
 
 	clear_nlink(inode);
-	fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, S_ATIME|S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, FAT_UPDATE_ATIME | FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	fat_detach(inode);
 	vfat_d_version_set(dentry, inode_query_iversion(dir));
 out:
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ static int vfat_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 	clear_nlink(inode);
-	fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, S_ATIME|S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, FAT_UPDATE_ATIME | FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	fat_detach(inode);
 	vfat_d_version_set(dentry, inode_query_iversion(dir));
 out:
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ static int vfat_update_dotdot_de(struct inode *dir, struct inode *inode,
 static void vfat_update_dir_metadata(struct inode *dir, struct timespec64 *ts)
 {
 	inode_inc_iversion(dir);
-	fat_truncate_time(dir, ts, S_CTIME | S_MTIME);
+	fat_truncate_time(dir, ts, FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
 	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
 		(void)fat_sync_inode(dir);
 	else
@@ -996,7 +996,6 @@ static int vfat_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 		drop_nlink(new_inode);
 		if (is_dir)
 			drop_nlink(new_inode);
-		fat_truncate_time(new_inode, &ts, S_CTIME);
 	}
 out:
 	brelse(sinfo.bh);

From 761475268fa8e322fe6b80bcf557dc65517df71e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] fs: refactor ->update_time handling

Pass the type of update (atime vs c/mtime plus version) as an enum
instead of a set of flags that caused all kinds of confusion.
Because inode_update_timestamps now can't return a modified version
of those flags, return the I_DIRTY_* flags needed to persist the
update, which is what the main caller in generic_update_time wants
anyway, and which is suitable for the other callers that only want
to know if an update happened.

The whole update_time path keeps the flags argument, which will be used
to support non-blocking updates soon even if it is unused, and (the
slightly renamed) inode_update_time also gains the possibility to return
a negative errno to support this.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-6-hch@lst.de
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst |   3 +-
 Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst     |   3 +-
 fs/bad_inode.c                        |   3 +-
 fs/btrfs/inode.c                      |  11 +-
 fs/fat/fat.h                          |   3 +-
 fs/fat/misc.c                         |  26 ++---
 fs/gfs2/inode.c                       |   5 +-
 fs/inode.c                            | 142 ++++++++++++++------------
 fs/nfs/inode.c                        |  10 +-
 fs/orangefs/inode.c                   |  28 ++---
 fs/orangefs/orangefs-kernel.h         |   3 +-
 fs/overlayfs/inode.c                  |   5 +-
 fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h              |   3 +-
 fs/ubifs/file.c                       |  21 ++--
 fs/ubifs/ubifs.h                      |   3 +-
 fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c                     |  22 ++--
 include/linux/fs.h                    |  28 +++--
 17 files changed, 161 insertions(+), 158 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst
index 77704fde9845..37a4a7fa8094 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ prototypes::
 	int (*getattr) (struct mnt_idmap *, const struct path *, struct kstat *, u32, unsigned int);
 	ssize_t (*listxattr) (struct dentry *, char *, size_t);
 	int (*fiemap)(struct inode *, struct fiemap_extent_info *, u64 start, u64 len);
-	void (*update_time)(struct inode *, struct timespec *, int);
+	void (*update_time)(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+			    int flags);
 	int (*atomic_open)(struct inode *, struct dentry *,
 				struct file *, unsigned open_flag,
 				umode_t create_mode);
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst
index 670ba66b60e4..51aa9db64784 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst
@@ -485,7 +485,8 @@ As of kernel 2.6.22, the following members are defined:
 		int (*setattr) (struct mnt_idmap *, struct dentry *, struct iattr *);
 		int (*getattr) (struct mnt_idmap *, const struct path *, struct kstat *, u32, unsigned int);
 		ssize_t (*listxattr) (struct dentry *, char *, size_t);
-		void (*update_time)(struct inode *, struct timespec *, int);
+		void (*update_time)(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+				    int flags);
 		int (*atomic_open)(struct inode *, struct dentry *, struct file *,
 				   unsigned open_flag, umode_t create_mode);
 		int (*tmpfile) (struct mnt_idmap *, struct inode *, struct file *, umode_t);
diff --git a/fs/bad_inode.c b/fs/bad_inode.c
index 0ef9bcb744dd..acf8613f5e36 100644
--- a/fs/bad_inode.c
+++ b/fs/bad_inode.c
@@ -133,7 +133,8 @@ static int bad_inode_fiemap(struct inode *inode,
 	return -EIO;
 }
 
-static int bad_inode_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+static int bad_inode_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+				 unsigned int flags)
 {
 	return -EIO;
 }
diff --git a/fs/btrfs/inode.c b/fs/btrfs/inode.c
index c4bee47829ed..753c31a12a54 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/inode.c
@@ -6345,16 +6345,19 @@ static int btrfs_dirty_inode(struct btrfs_inode *inode)
  * We need our own ->update_time so that we can return error on ENOSPC for
  * updating the inode in the case of file write and mmap writes.
  */
-static int btrfs_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+static int btrfs_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
-	bool dirty;
+	int dirty;
 
 	if (btrfs_root_readonly(root))
 		return -EROFS;
 
-	dirty = inode_update_timestamps(inode, flags);
-	return dirty ? btrfs_dirty_inode(BTRFS_I(inode)) : 0;
+	dirty = inode_update_time(inode, type, flags);
+	if (dirty <= 0)
+		return dirty;
+	return btrfs_dirty_inode(BTRFS_I(inode));
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/fs/fat/fat.h b/fs/fat/fat.h
index 767b566b1cab..0d269dba897b 100644
--- a/fs/fat/fat.h
+++ b/fs/fat/fat.h
@@ -472,7 +472,8 @@ extern struct timespec64 fat_truncate_atime(const struct msdos_sb_info *sbi,
 #define FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME	(1u << 1)
 void fat_truncate_time(struct inode *inode, struct timespec64 *now,
 		unsigned int flags);
-extern int fat_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags);
+int fat_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags);
 extern int fat_sync_bhs(struct buffer_head **bhs, int nr_bhs);
 
 int fat_cache_init(void);
diff --git a/fs/fat/misc.c b/fs/fat/misc.c
index 78c620e9b3fd..b154a5162764 100644
--- a/fs/fat/misc.c
+++ b/fs/fat/misc.c
@@ -332,28 +332,14 @@ void fat_truncate_time(struct inode *inode, struct timespec64 *now,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fat_truncate_time);
 
-int fat_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+int fat_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags)
 {
-	unsigned int fat_flags = 0;
-	int dirty_flags = 0;
-
-	if (inode->i_ino == MSDOS_ROOT_INO)
-		return 0;
-
-	if (flags & S_ATIME)
-		fat_flags |= FAT_UPDATE_ATIME;
-	if (flags & (S_CTIME | S_MTIME))
-		fat_flags |= FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME;
-
-	if (fat_flags) {
-		fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, flags);
-		if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME)
-			dirty_flags |= I_DIRTY_TIME;
-		else
-			dirty_flags |= I_DIRTY_SYNC;
+	if (inode->i_ino != MSDOS_ROOT_INO) {
+		fat_truncate_time(inode, NULL, type == FS_UPD_ATIME ?
+				FAT_UPDATE_ATIME : FAT_UPDATE_CMTIME);
+		__mark_inode_dirty(inode, inode_time_dirty_flag(inode));
 	}
-
-	__mark_inode_dirty(inode, dirty_flags);
 	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fat_update_time);
diff --git a/fs/gfs2/inode.c b/fs/gfs2/inode.c
index e08eb419347c..4ef39ff6889d 100644
--- a/fs/gfs2/inode.c
+++ b/fs/gfs2/inode.c
@@ -2242,7 +2242,8 @@ loff_t gfs2_seek_hole(struct file *file, loff_t offset)
 	return vfs_setpos(file, ret, inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes);
 }
 
-static int gfs2_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+static int gfs2_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);
 	struct gfs2_glock *gl = ip->i_gl;
@@ -2257,7 +2258,7 @@ static int gfs2_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 		if (error)
 			return error;
 	}
-	return generic_update_time(inode, flags);
+	return generic_update_time(inode, type, flags);
 }
 
 static const struct inode_operations gfs2_file_iops = {
diff --git a/fs/inode.c b/fs/inode.c
index 7eb28dd45a5a..a0dd11a05473 100644
--- a/fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/inode.c
@@ -2081,78 +2081,84 @@ static bool relatime_need_update(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct inode *inode,
 	return false;
 }
 
-/**
- * inode_update_timestamps - update the timestamps on the inode
- * @inode: inode to be updated
- * @flags: S_* flags that needed to be updated
- *
- * The update_time function is called when an inode's timestamps need to be
- * updated for a read or write operation. This function handles updating the
- * actual timestamps. It's up to the caller to ensure that the inode is marked
- * dirty appropriately.
- *
- * In the case where any of S_MTIME, S_CTIME, or S_VERSION need to be updated,
- * attempt to update all three of them. S_ATIME updates can be handled
- * independently of the rest.
- *
- * Returns a set of S_* flags indicating which values changed.
- */
-int inode_update_timestamps(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+static int inode_update_atime(struct inode *inode)
 {
-	int updated = 0;
-	struct timespec64 now;
+	struct timespec64 atime = inode_get_atime(inode);
+	struct timespec64 now = current_time(inode);
 
-	if (flags & (S_MTIME|S_CTIME|S_VERSION)) {
-		struct timespec64 ctime = inode_get_ctime(inode);
-		struct timespec64 mtime = inode_get_mtime(inode);
+	if (timespec64_equal(&now, &atime))
+		return 0;
 
-		now = inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
-		if (!timespec64_equal(&now, &ctime))
-			updated |= S_CTIME;
-		if (!timespec64_equal(&now, &mtime)) {
-			inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, now);
-			updated |= S_MTIME;
-		}
-		if (IS_I_VERSION(inode) && inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, updated))
-			updated |= S_VERSION;
-	} else {
-		now = current_time(inode);
-	}
-
-	if (flags & S_ATIME) {
-		struct timespec64 atime = inode_get_atime(inode);
-
-		if (!timespec64_equal(&now, &atime)) {
-			inode_set_atime_to_ts(inode, now);
-			updated |= S_ATIME;
-		}
-	}
-	return updated;
+	inode_set_atime_to_ts(inode, now);
+	return inode_time_dirty_flag(inode);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_update_timestamps);
+
+static int inode_update_cmtime(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct timespec64 ctime = inode_get_ctime(inode);
+	struct timespec64 mtime = inode_get_mtime(inode);
+	struct timespec64 now = inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
+	unsigned int dirty = 0;
+	bool mtime_changed;
+
+	mtime_changed = !timespec64_equal(&now, &mtime);
+	if (mtime_changed || !timespec64_equal(&now, &ctime))
+		dirty = inode_time_dirty_flag(inode);
+	if (mtime_changed)
+		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, now);
+
+	if (IS_I_VERSION(inode) && inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, !!dirty))
+		dirty |= I_DIRTY_SYNC;
+
+	return dirty;
+}
+
+/**
+ * inode_update_time - update either atime or c/mtime and i_version on the inode
+ * @inode: inode to be updated
+ * @type: timestamp to be updated
+ * @flags: flags for the update
+ *
+ * Update either atime or c/mtime and version in a inode if needed for a file
+ * access or modification.  It is up to the caller to mark the inode dirty
+ * appropriately.
+ *
+ * Returns the positive I_DIRTY_* flags for __mark_inode_dirty() if the inode
+ * needs to be marked dirty, 0 if it did not, or a negative errno if an error
+ * happened.
+ */
+int inode_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case FS_UPD_ATIME:
+		return inode_update_atime(inode);
+	case FS_UPD_CMTIME:
+		return inode_update_cmtime(inode);
+	default:
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_update_time);
 
 /**
  * generic_update_time - update the timestamps on the inode
  * @inode: inode to be updated
- * @flags: S_* flags that needed to be updated
- *
- * The update_time function is called when an inode's timestamps need to be
- * updated for a read or write operation. In the case where any of S_MTIME, S_CTIME,
- * or S_VERSION need to be updated we attempt to update all three of them. S_ATIME
- * updates can be handled done independently of the rest.
+ * @type: timestamp to be updated
+ * @flags: flags for the update
  *
  * Returns a negative error value on error, else 0.
  */
-int generic_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+int generic_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags)
 {
-	int updated = inode_update_timestamps(inode, flags);
-	int dirty_flags = 0;
+	int dirty;
 
-	if (updated & (S_ATIME|S_MTIME|S_CTIME))
-		dirty_flags = inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME ? I_DIRTY_TIME : I_DIRTY_SYNC;
-	if (updated & S_VERSION)
-		dirty_flags |= I_DIRTY_SYNC;
-	__mark_inode_dirty(inode, dirty_flags);
+	dirty = inode_update_time(inode, type, flags);
+	if (dirty <= 0)
+		return dirty;
+	__mark_inode_dirty(inode, dirty);
 	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_update_time);
@@ -2225,9 +2231,9 @@ void touch_atime(const struct path *path)
 	 * of the fs read only, e.g. subvolumes in Btrfs.
 	 */
 	if (inode->i_op->update_time)
-		inode->i_op->update_time(inode, S_ATIME);
+		inode->i_op->update_time(inode, FS_UPD_ATIME, 0);
 	else
-		generic_update_time(inode, S_ATIME);
+		generic_update_time(inode, FS_UPD_ATIME, 0);
 	mnt_put_write_access(mnt);
 skip_update:
 	sb_end_write(inode->i_sb);
@@ -2354,7 +2360,7 @@ static int file_update_time_flags(struct file *file, unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
 	struct timespec64 now, ts;
-	int sync_mode = 0;
+	bool need_update = false;
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	/* First try to exhaust all avenues to not sync */
@@ -2367,14 +2373,14 @@ static int file_update_time_flags(struct file *file, unsigned int flags)
 
 	ts = inode_get_mtime(inode);
 	if (!timespec64_equal(&ts, &now))
-		sync_mode |= S_MTIME;
+		need_update = true;
 	ts = inode_get_ctime(inode);
 	if (!timespec64_equal(&ts, &now))
-		sync_mode |= S_CTIME;
+		need_update = true;
 	if (IS_I_VERSION(inode) && inode_iversion_need_inc(inode))
-		sync_mode |= S_VERSION;
+		need_update = true;
 
-	if (!sync_mode)
+	if (!need_update)
 		return 0;
 
 	if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
@@ -2383,9 +2389,9 @@ static int file_update_time_flags(struct file *file, unsigned int flags)
 	if (mnt_get_write_access_file(file))
 		return 0;
 	if (inode->i_op->update_time)
-		ret = inode->i_op->update_time(inode, sync_mode);
+		ret = inode->i_op->update_time(inode, FS_UPD_CMTIME, 0);
 	else
-		ret = generic_update_time(inode, sync_mode);
+		ret = generic_update_time(inode, FS_UPD_CMTIME, 0);
 	mnt_put_write_access_file(file);
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/fs/nfs/inode.c b/fs/nfs/inode.c
index 3be8ba7b98c5..cd6d7c6e1237 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/inode.c
@@ -649,15 +649,15 @@ static void nfs_set_timestamps_to_ts(struct inode *inode, struct iattr *attr)
 		struct timespec64 ctime = inode_get_ctime(inode);
 		struct timespec64 mtime = inode_get_mtime(inode);
 		struct timespec64 now;
-		int updated = 0;
+		bool updated = false;
 
 		now = inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
 		if (!timespec64_equal(&now, &ctime))
-			updated |= S_CTIME;
+			updated = true;
 
 		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, attr->ia_mtime);
 		if (!timespec64_equal(&now, &mtime))
-			updated |= S_MTIME;
+			updated = true;
 
 		inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, updated);
 		cache_flags |= NFS_INO_INVALID_CTIME | NFS_INO_INVALID_MTIME;
@@ -671,13 +671,13 @@ static void nfs_set_timestamps_to_ts(struct inode *inode, struct iattr *attr)
 
 static void nfs_update_atime(struct inode *inode)
 {
-	inode_update_timestamps(inode, S_ATIME);
+	inode_update_time(inode, FS_UPD_ATIME, 0);
 	NFS_I(inode)->cache_validity &= ~NFS_INO_INVALID_ATIME;
 }
 
 static void nfs_update_mtime(struct inode *inode)
 {
-	inode_update_timestamps(inode, S_MTIME | S_CTIME);
+	inode_update_time(inode, FS_UPD_CMTIME, 0);
 	NFS_I(inode)->cache_validity &=
 		~(NFS_INO_INVALID_CTIME | NFS_INO_INVALID_MTIME);
 }
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/inode.c b/fs/orangefs/inode.c
index d7275990ffa4..eab16afb5b8a 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/inode.c
@@ -872,22 +872,24 @@ int orangefs_permission(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
 	return generic_permission(&nop_mnt_idmap, inode, mask);
 }
 
-int orangefs_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+int orangefs_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags)
 {
-	struct iattr iattr;
+	struct iattr iattr = { };
+	int dirty;
 
-	gossip_debug(GOSSIP_INODE_DEBUG, "orangefs_update_time: %pU\n",
-	    get_khandle_from_ino(inode));
+	switch (type) {
+	case FS_UPD_ATIME:
+		iattr.ia_valid = ATTR_ATIME;
+		break;
+	case FS_UPD_CMTIME:
+		iattr.ia_valid = ATTR_CTIME | ATTR_MTIME;
+		break;
+	}
 
-	flags = inode_update_timestamps(inode, flags);
-
-	memset(&iattr, 0, sizeof iattr);
-        if (flags & S_ATIME)
-		iattr.ia_valid |= ATTR_ATIME;
-	if (flags & S_CTIME)
-		iattr.ia_valid |= ATTR_CTIME;
-	if (flags & S_MTIME)
-		iattr.ia_valid |= ATTR_MTIME;
+	dirty = inode_update_time(inode, type, flags);
+	if (dirty <= 0)
+		return dirty;
 	return __orangefs_setattr(inode, &iattr);
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-kernel.h b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-kernel.h
index 29c6da43e396..1451fc2c1917 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-kernel.h
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-kernel.h
@@ -360,7 +360,8 @@ int orangefs_getattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, const struct path *path,
 int orangefs_permission(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
 			struct inode *inode, int mask);
 
-int orangefs_update_time(struct inode *, int);
+int orangefs_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags);
 
 /*
  * defined in xattr.c
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/inode.c b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
index bdbf86b56a9b..c0ce3519e4af 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
@@ -555,9 +555,10 @@ int ovl_set_acl(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
 }
 #endif
 
-int ovl_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+int ovl_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags)
 {
-	if (flags & S_ATIME) {
+	if (type == FS_UPD_ATIME) {
 		struct ovl_fs *ofs = OVL_FS(inode->i_sb);
 		struct path upperpath = {
 			.mnt = ovl_upper_mnt(ofs),
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h b/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
index f9ac9bdde830..315882a360ce 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
@@ -820,7 +820,8 @@ static inline struct posix_acl *ovl_get_acl_path(const struct path *path,
 }
 #endif
 
-int ovl_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags);
+int ovl_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags);
 bool ovl_is_private_xattr(struct super_block *sb, const char *name);
 
 struct ovl_inode_params {
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/file.c b/fs/ubifs/file.c
index ec1bb9f43acc..0cc44ad142de 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/file.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/file.c
@@ -1361,17 +1361,8 @@ static inline int mctime_update_needed(const struct inode *inode,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/**
- * ubifs_update_time - update time of inode.
- * @inode: inode to update
- * @flags: time updating control flag determines updating
- *	    which time fields of @inode
- *
- * This function updates time of the inode.
- *
- * Returns: %0 for success or a negative error code otherwise.
- */
-int ubifs_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
+int ubifs_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
 	struct ubifs_info *c = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
@@ -1379,15 +1370,19 @@ int ubifs_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 			.dirtied_ino_d = ALIGN(ui->data_len, 8) };
 	int err, release;
 
+	/* ubifs sets S_NOCMTIME on all inodes, this should not happen. */
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(type != FS_UPD_ATIME))
+		return -EIO;
+
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UBIFS_ATIME_SUPPORT))
-		return generic_update_time(inode, flags);
+		return generic_update_time(inode, type, flags);
 
 	err = ubifs_budget_space(c, &req);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&ui->ui_mutex);
-	inode_update_timestamps(inode, flags);
+	inode_update_time(inode, type, flags);
 	release = ui->dirty;
 	__mark_inode_dirty(inode, I_DIRTY_SYNC);
 	mutex_unlock(&ui->ui_mutex);
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/ubifs.h b/fs/ubifs/ubifs.h
index 118392aa9f2a..b62a154c7bd4 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/ubifs.h
+++ b/fs/ubifs/ubifs.h
@@ -2018,7 +2018,8 @@ int ubifs_calc_dark(const struct ubifs_info *c, int spc);
 int ubifs_fsync(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync);
 int ubifs_setattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
 		  struct iattr *attr);
-int ubifs_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags);
+int ubifs_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		      unsigned int flags);
 
 /* dir.c */
 struct inode *ubifs_new_inode(struct ubifs_info *c, struct inode *dir,
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
index 9dedb54e3cb0..d9eae1af14a8 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
@@ -1184,21 +1184,21 @@ xfs_vn_setattr(
 STATIC int
 xfs_vn_update_time(
 	struct inode		*inode,
-	int			flags)
+	enum fs_update_time	type,
+	unsigned int		flags)
 {
 	struct xfs_inode	*ip = XFS_I(inode);
 	struct xfs_mount	*mp = ip->i_mount;
 	int			log_flags = XFS_ILOG_TIMESTAMP;
 	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
 	int			error;
-	struct timespec64	now;
 
 	trace_xfs_update_time(ip);
 
 	if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME) {
-		if (!((flags & S_VERSION) &&
-		      inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, false)))
-			return generic_update_time(inode, flags);
+		if (type == FS_UPD_ATIME ||
+		    !inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, false))
+			return generic_update_time(inode, type, flags);
 
 		/* Capture the iversion update that just occurred */
 		log_flags |= XFS_ILOG_CORE;
@@ -1209,16 +1209,10 @@ xfs_vn_update_time(
 		return error;
 
 	xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
-	if (flags & (S_CTIME|S_MTIME))
-		now = inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
+	if (type == FS_UPD_ATIME)
+		inode_set_atime_to_ts(inode, current_time(inode));
 	else
-		now = current_time(inode);
-
-	if (flags & S_MTIME)
-		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, now);
-	if (flags & S_ATIME)
-		inode_set_atime_to_ts(inode, now);
-
+		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, inode_set_ctime_current(inode));
 	xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
 	xfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, log_flags);
 	return xfs_trans_commit(tp);
diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h
index 0983df0d0705..77985b4ed6ff 100644
--- a/include/linux/fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/fs.h
@@ -1717,6 +1717,13 @@ static inline struct timespec64 inode_set_ctime(struct inode *inode,
 
 struct timespec64 simple_inode_init_ts(struct inode *inode);
 
+static inline int inode_time_dirty_flag(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME)
+		return I_DIRTY_TIME;
+	return I_DIRTY_SYNC;
+}
+
 /*
  * Snapshotting support.
  */
@@ -1983,6 +1990,11 @@ int wrap_directory_iterator(struct file *, struct dir_context *,
 	static int shared_##x(struct file *file , struct dir_context *ctx) \
 	{ return wrap_directory_iterator(file, ctx, x); }
 
+enum fs_update_time {
+	FS_UPD_ATIME,
+	FS_UPD_CMTIME,
+};
+
 struct inode_operations {
 	struct dentry * (*lookup) (struct inode *,struct dentry *, unsigned int);
 	const char * (*get_link) (struct dentry *, struct inode *, struct delayed_call *);
@@ -2010,7 +2022,8 @@ struct inode_operations {
 	ssize_t (*listxattr) (struct dentry *, char *, size_t);
 	int (*fiemap)(struct inode *, struct fiemap_extent_info *, u64 start,
 		      u64 len);
-	int (*update_time)(struct inode *, int);
+	int (*update_time)(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+			   unsigned int flags);
 	int (*atomic_open)(struct inode *, struct dentry *,
 			   struct file *, unsigned open_flag,
 			   umode_t create_mode);
@@ -2237,13 +2250,6 @@ static inline void inode_dec_link_count(struct inode *inode)
 	mark_inode_dirty(inode);
 }
 
-enum file_time_flags {
-	S_ATIME = 1,
-	S_MTIME = 2,
-	S_CTIME = 4,
-	S_VERSION = 8,
-};
-
 extern bool atime_needs_update(const struct path *, struct inode *);
 extern void touch_atime(const struct path *);
 
@@ -2398,8 +2404,10 @@ static inline void super_set_sysfs_name_generic(struct super_block *sb, const ch
 extern void ihold(struct inode * inode);
 extern void iput(struct inode *);
 void iput_not_last(struct inode *);
-int inode_update_timestamps(struct inode *inode, int flags);
-int generic_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags);
+int inode_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags);
+int generic_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
+		unsigned int flags);
 
 /* /sys/fs */
 extern struct kobject *fs_kobj;

From 188344c8ac0b740ee2e5deebda2004b39ccbee74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] fs: factor out a sync_lazytime helper

Centralize how we synchronize a lazytime update into the actual on-disk
timestamp into a single helper.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-7-hch@lst.de
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 fs/fs-writeback.c                | 22 +++++++++++++++-------
 fs/inode.c                       |  5 +----
 fs/internal.h                    |  3 ++-
 fs/sync.c                        |  4 ++--
 include/trace/events/writeback.h |  6 ------
 5 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/fs-writeback.c b/fs/fs-writeback.c
index 6800886c4d10..3d68b757136c 100644
--- a/fs/fs-writeback.c
+++ b/fs/fs-writeback.c
@@ -1711,6 +1711,16 @@ static void requeue_inode(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb,
 	}
 }
 
+bool sync_lazytime(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	if (!(inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_DIRTY_TIME))
+		return false;
+
+	trace_writeback_lazytime(inode);
+	mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /*
  * Write out an inode and its dirty pages (or some of its dirty pages, depending
  * on @wbc->nr_to_write), and clear the relevant dirty flags from i_state.
@@ -1750,17 +1760,15 @@ __writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * If the inode has dirty timestamps and we need to write them, call
-	 * mark_inode_dirty_sync() to notify the filesystem about it and to
-	 * change I_DIRTY_TIME into I_DIRTY_SYNC.
+	 * For data integrity writeback, or when the dirty interval expired,
+	 * ask the file system to propagata lazy timestamp updates into real
+	 * dirty state.
 	 */
 	if ((inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_DIRTY_TIME) &&
 	    (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL ||
 	     time_after(jiffies, inode->dirtied_time_when +
-			dirtytime_expire_interval * HZ))) {
-		trace_writeback_lazytime(inode);
-		mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
-	}
+			dirtytime_expire_interval * HZ)))
+		sync_lazytime(inode);
 
 	/*
 	 * Get and clear the dirty flags from i_state.  This needs to be done
diff --git a/fs/inode.c b/fs/inode.c
index a0dd11a05473..0cafe74bff2d 100644
--- a/fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/inode.c
@@ -1979,11 +1979,8 @@ retry:
 	if (atomic_add_unless(&inode->i_count, -1, 1))
 		return;
 
-	if ((inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_DIRTY_TIME) && inode->i_nlink) {
-		trace_writeback_lazytime_iput(inode);
-		mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
+	if (inode->i_nlink && sync_lazytime(inode))
 		goto retry;
-	}
 
 	spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
 	if (unlikely((inode_state_read(inode) & I_DIRTY_TIME) && inode->i_nlink)) {
diff --git a/fs/internal.h b/fs/internal.h
index ab638d41ab81..18a062c1b5b0 100644
--- a/fs/internal.h
+++ b/fs/internal.h
@@ -214,7 +214,8 @@ bool in_group_or_capable(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
 /*
  * fs-writeback.c
  */
-extern long get_nr_dirty_inodes(void);
+long get_nr_dirty_inodes(void);
+bool sync_lazytime(struct inode *inode);
 
 /*
  * dcache.c
diff --git a/fs/sync.c b/fs/sync.c
index 431fc5f5be06..4283af7119d1 100644
--- a/fs/sync.c
+++ b/fs/sync.c
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ int vfs_fsync_range(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync)
 
 	if (!file->f_op->fsync)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	if (!datasync && (inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_DIRTY_TIME))
-		mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
+	if (!datasync)
+		sync_lazytime(inode);
 	return file->f_op->fsync(file, start, end, datasync);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_fsync_range);
diff --git a/include/trace/events/writeback.h b/include/trace/events/writeback.h
index 311a341e6fe4..7162d03e69a5 100644
--- a/include/trace/events/writeback.h
+++ b/include/trace/events/writeback.h
@@ -856,12 +856,6 @@ DEFINE_EVENT(writeback_inode_template, writeback_lazytime,
 	TP_ARGS(inode)
 );
 
-DEFINE_EVENT(writeback_inode_template, writeback_lazytime_iput,
-	TP_PROTO(struct inode *inode),
-
-	TP_ARGS(inode)
-);
-
 DEFINE_EVENT(writeback_inode_template, writeback_dirty_inode_enqueue,
 
 	TP_PROTO(struct inode *inode),

From 5cf06ea56ee67209d4e9a0b381641fb062ecd2c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] fs: add a ->sync_lazytime method

Allow the file system to explicitly implement lazytime syncing instead
of pigging back on generic inode dirtying.  This allows to simplify
the XFS implementation and prepares for non-blocking lazytime timestamp
updates.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-8-hch@lst.de
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst |  2 ++
 Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst     |  6 ++++++
 fs/fs-writeback.c                     | 13 +++++++++++--
 include/linux/fs.h                    |  1 +
 4 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst
index 37a4a7fa8094..0312fba6d73b 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ prototypes::
 	int (*fiemap)(struct inode *, struct fiemap_extent_info *, u64 start, u64 len);
 	void (*update_time)(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
 			    int flags);
+	void (*sync_lazytime)(struct inode *inode);
 	int (*atomic_open)(struct inode *, struct dentry *,
 				struct file *, unsigned open_flag,
 				umode_t create_mode);
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@ getattr:	no
 listxattr:	no
 fiemap:		no
 update_time:	no
+sync_lazytime:	no
 atomic_open:	shared (exclusive if O_CREAT is set in open flags)
 tmpfile:	no
 fileattr_get:	no or exclusive
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst
index 51aa9db64784..d8cb181f69f8 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst
@@ -487,6 +487,7 @@ As of kernel 2.6.22, the following members are defined:
 		ssize_t (*listxattr) (struct dentry *, char *, size_t);
 		void (*update_time)(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
 				    int flags);
+		void (*sync_lazytime)(struct inode *inode);
 		int (*atomic_open)(struct inode *, struct dentry *, struct file *,
 				   unsigned open_flag, umode_t create_mode);
 		int (*tmpfile) (struct mnt_idmap *, struct inode *, struct file *, umode_t);
@@ -643,6 +644,11 @@ otherwise noted.
 	an inode.  If this is not defined the VFS will update the inode
 	itself and call mark_inode_dirty_sync.
 
+``sync_lazytime``:
+	called by the writeback code to update the lazy time stamps to
+	regular time stamp updates that get syncing into the on-disk
+	inode.
+
 ``atomic_open``
 	called on the last component of an open.  Using this optional
 	method the filesystem can look up, possibly create and open the
diff --git a/fs/fs-writeback.c b/fs/fs-writeback.c
index 3d68b757136c..62658be2578b 100644
--- a/fs/fs-writeback.c
+++ b/fs/fs-writeback.c
@@ -1717,7 +1717,10 @@ bool sync_lazytime(struct inode *inode)
 		return false;
 
 	trace_writeback_lazytime(inode);
-	mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
+	if (inode->i_op->sync_lazytime)
+		inode->i_op->sync_lazytime(inode);
+	else
+		mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -2569,6 +2572,8 @@ void __mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 	trace_writeback_mark_inode_dirty(inode, flags);
 
 	if (flags & I_DIRTY_INODE) {
+		bool was_dirty_time = false;
+
 		/*
 		 * Inode timestamp update will piggback on this dirtying.
 		 * We tell ->dirty_inode callback that timestamps need to
@@ -2579,6 +2584,7 @@ void __mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 			if (inode_state_read(inode) & I_DIRTY_TIME) {
 				inode_state_clear(inode, I_DIRTY_TIME);
 				flags |= I_DIRTY_TIME;
+				was_dirty_time = true;
 			}
 			spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
 		}
@@ -2591,9 +2597,12 @@ void __mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 		 * for just I_DIRTY_PAGES or I_DIRTY_TIME.
 		 */
 		trace_writeback_dirty_inode_start(inode, flags);
-		if (sb->s_op->dirty_inode)
+		if (sb->s_op->dirty_inode) {
 			sb->s_op->dirty_inode(inode,
 				flags & (I_DIRTY_INODE | I_DIRTY_TIME));
+		} else if (was_dirty_time && inode->i_op->sync_lazytime) {
+			inode->i_op->sync_lazytime(inode);
+		}
 		trace_writeback_dirty_inode(inode, flags);
 
 		/* I_DIRTY_INODE supersedes I_DIRTY_TIME. */
diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h
index 77985b4ed6ff..9cce8b9a29ac 100644
--- a/include/linux/fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/fs.h
@@ -2024,6 +2024,7 @@ struct inode_operations {
 		      u64 len);
 	int (*update_time)(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
 			   unsigned int flags);
+	void (*sync_lazytime)(struct inode *inode);
 	int (*atomic_open)(struct inode *, struct dentry *,
 			   struct file *, unsigned open_flag,
 			   umode_t create_mode);

From 85c871a02b0305f568d5aba6144fc6b2c96bd87d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:08 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] fs: add support for non-blocking timestamp updates

Currently file_update_time_flags unconditionally returns -EAGAIN if any
timestamp needs to be updated and IOCB_NOWAIT is passed.  This makes
non-blocking direct writes impossible on file systems with granular
enough timestamps.

Pass IOCB_NOWAIT to ->update_time and return -EAGAIN if it could block.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-9-hch@lst.de
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 fs/btrfs/inode.c     |  2 ++
 fs/gfs2/inode.c      |  3 +++
 fs/inode.c           | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 fs/orangefs/inode.c  |  3 +++
 fs/overlayfs/inode.c |  2 ++
 fs/ubifs/file.c      |  3 +++
 fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c    |  3 +++
 7 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/btrfs/inode.c b/fs/btrfs/inode.c
index 753c31a12a54..adc9107fb412 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/inode.c
@@ -6353,6 +6353,8 @@ static int btrfs_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
 
 	if (btrfs_root_readonly(root))
 		return -EROFS;
+	if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
+		return -EAGAIN;
 
 	dirty = inode_update_time(inode, type, flags);
 	if (dirty <= 0)
diff --git a/fs/gfs2/inode.c b/fs/gfs2/inode.c
index 4ef39ff6889d..c02ebf0ca625 100644
--- a/fs/gfs2/inode.c
+++ b/fs/gfs2/inode.c
@@ -2250,6 +2250,9 @@ static int gfs2_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
 	struct gfs2_holder *gh;
 	int error;
 
+	if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
 	gh = gfs2_glock_is_locked_by_me(gl);
 	if (gh && gl->gl_state != LM_ST_EXCLUSIVE) {
 		gfs2_glock_dq(gh);
diff --git a/fs/inode.c b/fs/inode.c
index 0cafe74bff2d..cd3ca98e8355 100644
--- a/fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/inode.c
@@ -2090,7 +2090,7 @@ static int inode_update_atime(struct inode *inode)
 	return inode_time_dirty_flag(inode);
 }
 
-static int inode_update_cmtime(struct inode *inode)
+static int inode_update_cmtime(struct inode *inode, unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct timespec64 ctime = inode_get_ctime(inode);
 	struct timespec64 mtime = inode_get_mtime(inode);
@@ -2101,12 +2101,27 @@ static int inode_update_cmtime(struct inode *inode)
 	mtime_changed = !timespec64_equal(&now, &mtime);
 	if (mtime_changed || !timespec64_equal(&now, &ctime))
 		dirty = inode_time_dirty_flag(inode);
+
+	/*
+	 * Pure timestamp updates can be recorded in the inode without blocking
+	 * by not dirtying the inode.  But when the file system requires
+	 * i_version updates, the update of i_version can still block.
+	 * Error out if we'd actually have to update i_version or don't support
+	 * lazytime.
+	 */
+	if (IS_I_VERSION(inode)) {
+		if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT) {
+			if (!(inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME) ||
+			    inode_iversion_need_inc(inode))
+				return -EAGAIN;
+		} else {
+			if (inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, !!dirty))
+				dirty |= I_DIRTY_SYNC;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (mtime_changed)
 		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, now);
-
-	if (IS_I_VERSION(inode) && inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, !!dirty))
-		dirty |= I_DIRTY_SYNC;
-
 	return dirty;
 }
 
@@ -2131,7 +2146,7 @@ int inode_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
 	case FS_UPD_ATIME:
 		return inode_update_atime(inode);
 	case FS_UPD_CMTIME:
-		return inode_update_cmtime(inode);
+		return inode_update_cmtime(inode, flags);
 	default:
 		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
 		return -EIO;
@@ -2152,6 +2167,16 @@ int generic_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
 {
 	int dirty;
 
+	/*
+	 * ->dirty_inode is what could make generic timestamp updates block.
+	 * Don't support non-blocking timestamp updates here if it is set.
+	 * File systems that implement ->dirty_inode but want to support
+	 * non-blocking timestamp updates should call inode_update_time
+	 * directly.
+	 */
+	if ((flags & IOCB_NOWAIT) && inode->i_sb->s_op->dirty_inode)
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
 	dirty = inode_update_time(inode, type, flags);
 	if (dirty <= 0)
 		return dirty;
@@ -2380,15 +2405,13 @@ static int file_update_time_flags(struct file *file, unsigned int flags)
 	if (!need_update)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
-		return -EAGAIN;
-
+	flags &= IOCB_NOWAIT;
 	if (mnt_get_write_access_file(file))
 		return 0;
 	if (inode->i_op->update_time)
-		ret = inode->i_op->update_time(inode, FS_UPD_CMTIME, 0);
+		ret = inode->i_op->update_time(inode, FS_UPD_CMTIME, flags);
 	else
-		ret = generic_update_time(inode, FS_UPD_CMTIME, 0);
+		ret = generic_update_time(inode, FS_UPD_CMTIME, flags);
 	mnt_put_write_access_file(file);
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/inode.c b/fs/orangefs/inode.c
index eab16afb5b8a..f420f48fc069 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/inode.c
@@ -878,6 +878,9 @@ int orangefs_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
 	struct iattr iattr = { };
 	int dirty;
 
+	if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
 	switch (type) {
 	case FS_UPD_ATIME:
 		iattr.ia_valid = ATTR_ATIME;
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/inode.c b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
index c0ce3519e4af..00c69707bda9 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
@@ -566,6 +566,8 @@ int ovl_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
 		};
 
 		if (upperpath.dentry) {
+			if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
+				return -EAGAIN;
 			touch_atime(&upperpath);
 			inode_set_atime_to_ts(inode,
 					      inode_get_atime(d_inode(upperpath.dentry)));
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/file.c b/fs/ubifs/file.c
index 0cc44ad142de..3dc3ca1cd803 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/file.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/file.c
@@ -1377,6 +1377,9 @@ int ubifs_update_time(struct inode *inode, enum fs_update_time type,
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UBIFS_ATIME_SUPPORT))
 		return generic_update_time(inode, type, flags);
 
+	if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
 	err = ubifs_budget_space(c, &req);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
index d9eae1af14a8..aef5b05c1b76 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
@@ -1195,6 +1195,9 @@ xfs_vn_update_time(
 
 	trace_xfs_update_time(ip);
 
+	if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
 	if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME) {
 		if (type == FS_UPD_ATIME ||
 		    !inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, false))

From 2d72003ba2440dfd43d8a0ebe2a9a36d971771e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:09 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] fs: refactor file_update_time_flags

Split all the inode timestamp flags into a helper.  This not only
makes the code a bit more readable, but also optimizes away the
further checks as soon as know we need an update.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-10-hch@lst.de
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 fs/inode.c | 31 +++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/inode.c b/fs/inode.c
index cd3ca98e8355..5913e1993e4a 100644
--- a/fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/inode.c
@@ -2378,31 +2378,30 @@ out:
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(current_time);
 
+static inline bool need_cmtime_update(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct timespec64 now = current_time(inode), ts;
+
+	ts = inode_get_mtime(inode);
+	if (!timespec64_equal(&ts, &now))
+		return true;
+	ts = inode_get_ctime(inode);
+	if (!timespec64_equal(&ts, &now))
+		return true;
+	return IS_I_VERSION(inode) && inode_iversion_need_inc(inode);
+}
+
 static int file_update_time_flags(struct file *file, unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
-	struct timespec64 now, ts;
-	bool need_update = false;
-	int ret = 0;
+	int ret;
 
 	/* First try to exhaust all avenues to not sync */
 	if (IS_NOCMTIME(inode))
 		return 0;
 	if (unlikely(file->f_mode & FMODE_NOCMTIME))
 		return 0;
-
-	now = current_time(inode);
-
-	ts = inode_get_mtime(inode);
-	if (!timespec64_equal(&ts, &now))
-		need_update = true;
-	ts = inode_get_ctime(inode);
-	if (!timespec64_equal(&ts, &now))
-		need_update = true;
-	if (IS_I_VERSION(inode) && inode_iversion_need_inc(inode))
-		need_update = true;
-
-	if (!need_update)
+	if (!need_cmtime_update(inode))
 		return 0;
 
 	flags &= IOCB_NOWAIT;

From f92f8eddbbfbf83b7263cbd995fb91256dbd4d71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] xfs: implement ->sync_lazytime

Switch to the new explicit lazytime syncing method instead of trying
to second guess what could be a lazytime update in ->dirty_inode.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-11-hch@lst.de
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c  | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 fs/xfs/xfs_super.c | 29 -----------------------------
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
index aef5b05c1b76..338f3113f674 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
@@ -1221,6 +1221,22 @@ xfs_vn_update_time(
 	return xfs_trans_commit(tp);
 }
 
+static void
+xfs_vn_sync_lazytime(
+	struct inode		*inode)
+{
+	struct xfs_inode	*ip = XFS_I(inode);
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = ip->i_mount;
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp;
+
+	if (xfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_fsyncts, 0, 0, 0, &tp))
+		return;
+	xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
+	xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
+	xfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, XFS_ILOG_TIMESTAMP);
+	xfs_trans_commit(tp);
+}
+
 STATIC int
 xfs_vn_fiemap(
 	struct inode		*inode,
@@ -1264,6 +1280,7 @@ static const struct inode_operations xfs_inode_operations = {
 	.listxattr		= xfs_vn_listxattr,
 	.fiemap			= xfs_vn_fiemap,
 	.update_time		= xfs_vn_update_time,
+	.sync_lazytime		= xfs_vn_sync_lazytime,
 	.fileattr_get		= xfs_fileattr_get,
 	.fileattr_set		= xfs_fileattr_set,
 };
@@ -1290,6 +1307,7 @@ static const struct inode_operations xfs_dir_inode_operations = {
 	.setattr		= xfs_vn_setattr,
 	.listxattr		= xfs_vn_listxattr,
 	.update_time		= xfs_vn_update_time,
+	.sync_lazytime		= xfs_vn_sync_lazytime,
 	.tmpfile		= xfs_vn_tmpfile,
 	.fileattr_get		= xfs_fileattr_get,
 	.fileattr_set		= xfs_fileattr_set,
@@ -1317,6 +1335,7 @@ static const struct inode_operations xfs_dir_ci_inode_operations = {
 	.setattr		= xfs_vn_setattr,
 	.listxattr		= xfs_vn_listxattr,
 	.update_time		= xfs_vn_update_time,
+	.sync_lazytime		= xfs_vn_sync_lazytime,
 	.tmpfile		= xfs_vn_tmpfile,
 	.fileattr_get		= xfs_fileattr_get,
 	.fileattr_set		= xfs_fileattr_set,
@@ -1328,6 +1347,7 @@ static const struct inode_operations xfs_symlink_inode_operations = {
 	.setattr		= xfs_vn_setattr,
 	.listxattr		= xfs_vn_listxattr,
 	.update_time		= xfs_vn_update_time,
+	.sync_lazytime		= xfs_vn_sync_lazytime,
 	.fileattr_get		= xfs_fileattr_get,
 	.fileattr_set		= xfs_fileattr_set,
 };
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_super.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_super.c
index bc71aa9dcee8..094f257eff15 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_super.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_super.c
@@ -712,34 +712,6 @@ xfs_fs_destroy_inode(
 	xfs_inode_mark_reclaimable(ip);
 }
 
-static void
-xfs_fs_dirty_inode(
-	struct inode			*inode,
-	int				flags)
-{
-	struct xfs_inode		*ip = XFS_I(inode);
-	struct xfs_mount		*mp = ip->i_mount;
-	struct xfs_trans		*tp;
-
-	if (!(inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME))
-		return;
-
-	/*
-	 * Only do the timestamp update if the inode is dirty (I_DIRTY_SYNC)
-	 * and has dirty timestamp (I_DIRTY_TIME). I_DIRTY_TIME can be passed
-	 * in flags possibly together with I_DIRTY_SYNC.
-	 */
-	if ((flags & ~I_DIRTY_TIME) != I_DIRTY_SYNC || !(flags & I_DIRTY_TIME))
-		return;
-
-	if (xfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_fsyncts, 0, 0, 0, &tp))
-		return;
-	xfs_ilock(ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
-	xfs_trans_ijoin(tp, ip, XFS_ILOCK_EXCL);
-	xfs_trans_log_inode(tp, ip, XFS_ILOG_TIMESTAMP);
-	xfs_trans_commit(tp);
-}
-
 /*
  * Slab object creation initialisation for the XFS inode.
  * This covers only the idempotent fields in the XFS inode;
@@ -1304,7 +1276,6 @@ xfs_fs_show_stats(
 static const struct super_operations xfs_super_operations = {
 	.alloc_inode		= xfs_fs_alloc_inode,
 	.destroy_inode		= xfs_fs_destroy_inode,
-	.dirty_inode		= xfs_fs_dirty_inode,
 	.drop_inode		= xfs_fs_drop_inode,
 	.evict_inode		= xfs_fs_evict_inode,
 	.put_super		= xfs_fs_put_super,

From 08489c4f41333913c9be27a031b070f4452e9374 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2026 15:19:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] xfs: enable non-blocking timestamp updates

The lazytime path using the generic helpers can never block in XFS
because there is no ->dirty_inode method that could block.  Allow
non-blocking timestamp updates for this case by replacing
generic_update_time with the open coded version without the S_NOWAIT
check.

Fixes: 66fa3cedf16a ("fs: Add async write file modification handling.")
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260108141934.2052404-12-hch@lst.de
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
---
 fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c | 18 ++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
index 338f3113f674..1cdd8a360510 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c
@@ -1195,16 +1195,22 @@ xfs_vn_update_time(
 
 	trace_xfs_update_time(ip);
 
-	if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
-		return -EAGAIN;
-
 	if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & SB_LAZYTIME) {
-		if (type == FS_UPD_ATIME ||
-		    !inode_maybe_inc_iversion(inode, false))
-			return generic_update_time(inode, type, flags);
+		int dirty;
+
+		dirty = inode_update_time(inode, type, flags);
+		if (dirty <= 0)
+			return dirty;
+		if (dirty == I_DIRTY_TIME) {
+			__mark_inode_dirty(inode, I_DIRTY_TIME);
+			return 0;
+		}
 
 		/* Capture the iversion update that just occurred */
 		log_flags |= XFS_ILOG_CORE;
+	} else {
+		if (flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
+			return -EAGAIN;
 	}
 
 	error = xfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_fsyncts, 0, 0, 0, &tp);