commit b451e5d24b upstream.
This patch fixes a bug in splitting an SKB during SACK
processing. Specifically if an skb contains multiple
packets and is only partially sacked in the higher sequences,
tcp_match_sack_to_skb() splits the skb and marks the second fragment
as SACKed.
The current code further attempts rounding up the first fragment
to MSS boundaries. But it misses a boundary condition when the
rounded-up fragment size (pkt_len) is exactly skb size. Spliting
such an skb is pointless and causses a kernel warning and aborts
the SACK processing. This patch universally checks such over-split
before calling tcp_fragment to prevent these unnecessary warnings.
Fixes: adb92db857 ("tcp: Make SACK code to split only at mss boundaries")
Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh <soheil@google.com>
Acked-by: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit f6ba8d33cf upstream.
I should have known that lowering skb->truesize was dangerous :/
In case packets are not leaving the host via a standard Ethernet device,
but looped back to local sockets, bad things can happen, as reported
by Michael Madsen ( https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195713 )
So instead of tweaking skb->truesize, lets change skb->destructor
and keep a reference on the owner socket via its sk_refcnt.
Fixes: f2f872f927 ("netem: Introduce skb_orphan_partial() helper")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: Michael Madsen <mkm@nabto.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: drop changes to the preceding comment and the
fast path, which we don't have]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit d90c902449 upstream.
The sadb_x_sec_len is stored in the unit 'byte divided by eight'.
So we have to multiply this value by eight before we can do
size checks. Otherwise we may get a slab-out-of-bounds when
we memcpy the user sec_ctx.
Fixes: df71837d50 ("[LSM-IPSec]: Security association restriction.")
Reported-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Tested-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 9b3eb54106 upstream.
When CONFIG_XFRM_SUB_POLICY=y, xfrm_dst stores a copy of the flowi for
that dst. Unfortunately, the code that allocates and fills this copy
doesn't care about what type of flowi (flowi, flowi4, flowi6) gets
passed. In multiple code paths (from raw_sendmsg, from TCP when
replying to a FIN, in vxlan, geneve, and gre), the flowi that gets
passed to xfrm is actually an on-stack flowi4, so we end up reading
stuff from the stack past the end of the flowi4 struct.
Since xfrm_dst->origin isn't used anywhere following commit
ca116922af ("xfrm: Eliminate "fl" and "pol" args to
xfrm_bundle_ok()."), just get rid of it. xfrm_dst->partner isn't used
either, so get rid of that too.
Fixes: 9d6ec93801 ("ipv4: Use flowi4 in public route lookup interfaces.")
Signed-off-by: Sabrina Dubroca <sd@queasysnail.net>
Signed-off-by: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 85f1bd9a7b upstream.
When iteratively building a UDP datagram with MSG_MORE and that
datagram exceeds MTU, consistently choose UFO or fragmentation.
Once skb_is_gso, always apply ufo. Conversely, once a datagram is
split across multiple skbs, do not consider ufo.
Sendpage already maintains the first invariant, only add the second.
IPv6 does not have a sendpage implementation to modify.
A gso skb must have a partial checksum, do not follow sk_no_check_tx
in udp_send_skb.
Found by syzkaller.
Fixes: e89e9cf539 ("[IPv4/IPv6]: UFO Scatter-gather approach")
Reported-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16:
- ip6_append_data() doesn't take a queue parameter; use &sk->sk_write_queue
- Adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit e4c5e13aa4 upstream.
There is an inconsistent conditional judgement between __ip6_append_data
and ip6_finish_output functions, the variable length in __ip6_append_data
just include the length of application's payload and udp6 header, don't
include the length of ipv6 header, but in ip6_finish_output use
(skb->len > ip6_skb_dst_mtu(skb)) as judgement, and skb->len include the
length of ipv6 header.
That causes some particular application's udp6 payloads whose length are
between (MTU - IPv6 Header) and MTU were fragmented by ip6_fragment even
though the rst->dev support UFO feature.
Add the length of ipv6 header to length in __ip6_append_data to keep
consistent conditional judgement as ip6_finish_output for ip6 fragment.
Signed-off-by: Zheng Li <james.z.li@ericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit c27927e372 upstream.
Updates to tp_reserve can race with reads of the field in
packet_set_ring. Avoid this by holding the socket lock during
updates in setsockopt PACKET_RESERVE.
This bug was discovered by syzkaller.
Fixes: 8913336a7e ("packet: add PACKET_RESERVE sockopt")
Reported-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 6399f1fae4 upstream.
In some cases, offset can overflow and can cause an infinite loop in
ip6_find_1stfragopt(). Make it unsigned int to prevent the overflow, and
cap it at IPV6_MAXPLEN, since packets larger than that should be invalid.
This problem has been here since before the beginning of git history.
Signed-off-by: Sabrina Dubroca <sd@queasysnail.net>
Acked-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit a9f11f963a upstream.
Be careful when comparing tcp_time_stamp to some u32 quantity,
otherwise result can be surprising.
Fixes: 7c106d7e78 ("[TCP]: TCP Low Priority congestion control")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 5b8481fa42 upstream.
Since that change also made the nfrag function not necessary
for exports, remove it.
Fixes: 89a23c8b52 ("ip6_tunnel: Fix missing tunnel encapsulation limit option")
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: keep exporting ipv6_push_nfrag_opts(), needed by
ip6_gre module]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 89a23c8b52 upstream.
The IPv6 tunneling code tries to insert IPV6_TLV_TNL_ENCAP_LIMIT and
IPV6_TLV_PADN options when an encapsulation limit is defined (the
default is a limit of 4). An MTU adjustment is done to account for
these options as well. However, the options are never present in the
generated packets.
The issue appears to be a subtlety between IPV6_DSTOPTS and
IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS defined in RFC 3542. When the IPIP tunnel driver was
written, the encap limit options were included as IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS in
dst0opt of struct ipv6_txoptions. Later, ipv6_push_nfrags_opts was
(correctly) updated to require IPV6_RTHDR options when IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS
are to be used. This caused the options to no longer be included in v6
encapsulated packets.
The fix is to use IPV6_DSTOPTS (in dst1opt of struct ipv6_txoptions)
instead. IPV6_DSTOPTS do not have the additional IPV6_RTHDR requirement.
Fixes: 1df64a8569c7: ("[IPV6]: Add ip6ip6 tunnel driver.")
Fixes: 333fad5364: ("[IPV6]: Support several new sockopt / ancillary data in Advanced API (RFC3542)")
Signed-off-by: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit ab89f0bdd6 upstream.
Running 32bit userspace on 64bit kernel results in MSG_CMSG_COMPAT being
defined as 0x80000000. This results in sendmsg failure if used from 32bit
userspace running on 64bit kernel. Fix this by accounting for MSG_CMSG_COMPAT
in flags check in hci_sock_sendmsg.
Signed-off-by: Szymon Janc <szymon.janc@codecoup.pl>
Signed-off-by: Marko Kiiskila <marko@runtime.io>
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 53b56da83d upstream.
After converting to use rcu for conntrack hash, one CPU may update
the ct->status via ctnetlink, while another CPU may process the
packets and update the ct->status.
So the non-atomic operation "ct->status |= status;" via ctnetlink
becomes unsafe, and this may clear the IPS_DYING_BIT bit set by
another CPU unexpectedly. For example:
CPU0 CPU1
ctnetlink_change_status __nf_conntrack_find_get
old = ct->status nf_ct_gc_expired
- nf_ct_kill
- test_and_set_bit(IPS_DYING_BIT
new = old | status; -
ct->status = new; <-- oops, _DYING_ is cleared!
Now using a series of atomic bit operation to solve the above issue.
Also note, user shouldn't set IPS_TEMPLATE, IPS_SEQ_ADJUST directly,
so make these two bits be unchangable too.
If we set the IPS_TEMPLATE_BIT, ct will be freed by nf_ct_tmpl_free,
but actually it is alloced by nf_conntrack_alloc.
If we set the IPS_SEQ_ADJUST_BIT, this may cause the NULL pointer
deference, as the nfct_seqadj(ct) maybe NULL.
Last, add some comments to describe the logic change due to the
commit a963d710f3 ("netfilter: ctnetlink: Fix regression in CTA_STATUS
processing"), which makes me feel a little confusing.
Fixes: 76507f69c4 ("[NETFILTER]: nf_conntrack: use RCU for conntrack hash")
Signed-off-by: Liping Zhang <zlpnobody@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: IPS_UNCHANGEABLE_MASK was not previously defined and
ctnetlink_update_status() is not needed]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 88be4c09d9 upstream.
Currently, ctnetlink_change_conntrack is always protected by _expect_lock,
but this will cause a deadlock when deleting the helper from a conntrack,
as the _expect_lock will be acquired again by nf_ct_remove_expectations:
CPU0
----
lock(nf_conntrack_expect_lock);
lock(nf_conntrack_expect_lock);
*** DEADLOCK ***
May be due to missing lock nesting notation
2 locks held by lt-conntrack_gr/12853:
#0: (&table[i].mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffffa05e2009>]
nfnetlink_rcv_msg+0x399/0x6a9 [nfnetlink]
#1: (nf_conntrack_expect_lock){+.....}, at: [<ffffffffa05f2c1f>]
ctnetlink_new_conntrack+0x17f/0x408 [nf_conntrack_netlink]
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x85/0xc2
__lock_acquire+0x1608/0x1680
? ctnetlink_parse_tuple_proto+0x10f/0x1c0 [nf_conntrack_netlink]
lock_acquire+0x100/0x1f0
? nf_ct_remove_expectations+0x32/0x90 [nf_conntrack]
_raw_spin_lock_bh+0x3f/0x50
? nf_ct_remove_expectations+0x32/0x90 [nf_conntrack]
nf_ct_remove_expectations+0x32/0x90 [nf_conntrack]
ctnetlink_change_helper+0xc6/0x190 [nf_conntrack_netlink]
ctnetlink_new_conntrack+0x1b2/0x408 [nf_conntrack_netlink]
nfnetlink_rcv_msg+0x60a/0x6a9 [nfnetlink]
? nfnetlink_rcv_msg+0x1b9/0x6a9 [nfnetlink]
? nfnetlink_bind+0x1a0/0x1a0 [nfnetlink]
netlink_rcv_skb+0xa4/0xc0
nfnetlink_rcv+0x87/0x770 [nfnetlink]
Since the operations are unrelated to nf_ct_expect, so we can drop the
_expect_lock. Also note, after removing the _expect_lock protection,
another CPU may invoke nf_conntrack_helper_unregister, so we should
use rcu_read_lock to protect __nf_conntrack_helper_find invoked by
ctnetlink_change_helper.
Fixes: ca7433df3a ("netfilter: conntrack: seperate expect locking from nf_conntrack_lock")
Signed-off-by: Liping Zhang <zlpnobody@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16:
- ctnetlink_change_helper() still auto-loads modules, so update the unlocking
and re-locking there
- Adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 4a6e3c5def upstream.
ndisc_notify is the ipv6 equivalent to arp_notify. When arp_notify is
set to 1, gratuitous arp requests are sent when the device is brought up.
The same is expected when ndisc_notify is set to 1 (per ndisc_notify in
Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt). The NA is not sent on NETDEV_UP
event; add it.
Fixes: 5cb04436ee ("ipv6: add knob to send unsolicited ND on link-layer address change")
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Acked-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit b7d6df5751 upstream.
The ipv6 stub pointer is currently initialized before the ipv6
routing subsystem: a 3rd party can access and use such stub
before the routing data is ready.
Moreover, such pointer is not cleared in case of initialization
error, possibly leading to dangling pointers usage.
This change addresses the above moving the stub initialization
at the end of ipv6 init code.
Fixes: 5f81bd2e5d ("ipv6: export a stub for IPv6 symbols used by vxlan")
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit fc1f8f4f31 upstream.
When arp_notify is set to 1 for either a specific interface or for 'all'
interfaces, gratuitous arp requests are sent. Since ndisc_notify is the
ipv6 equivalent to arp_notify, it should follow the same semantics.
Commit 4a6e3c5def ("net: ipv6: send unsolicited NA on admin up") sends
the NA on admin up. The final piece is checking devconf_all->ndisc_notify
in addition to the per device setting. Add it.
Fixes: 5cb04436ee ("ipv6: add knob to send unsolicited ND on link-layer address change")
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <simon.horman@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 3018e947d7 upstream.
AP/AP_VLAN modes don't accept any real 802.11 multicast data
frames, but since they do need to accept broadcast management
frames the same is currently permitted for data frames. This
opens a security problem because such frames would be decrypted
with the GTK, and could even contain unicast L3 frames.
Since the spec says that ToDS frames must always have the BSSID
as the RA (addr1), reject any other data frames.
The problem was originally reported in "Predicting, Decrypting,
and Abusing WPA2/802.11 Group Keys" at usenix
https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity16/technical-sessions/presentation/vanhoef
and brought to my attention by Jouni.
Reported-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
--
Dave, I didn't want to send you a new pull request for a single
commit yet again - can you apply this one patch as is?
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: Put the new code in an else-block since the
previous if-blocks may or may not return]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 71d6ad0837 upstream.
Don't assume that server is sane and won't return more data than
asked for.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 321a52a391 upstream.
pppol2tp_getsockopt() doesn't take into account the error code returned
by pppol2tp_tunnel_getsockopt() or pppol2tp_session_getsockopt(). If
error occurs there, pppol2tp_getsockopt() continues unconditionally and
reports erroneous values.
Fixes: fd558d186d ("l2tp: Split pppol2tp patch into separate l2tp and ppp parts")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 364700cf8f upstream.
pppol2tp_setsockopt() unconditionally overwrites the error value
returned by pppol2tp_tunnel_setsockopt() or
pppol2tp_session_setsockopt(), thus hiding errors from userspace.
Fixes: fd558d186d ("l2tp: Split pppol2tp patch into separate l2tp and ppp parts")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit e08293a4cc upstream.
Take a reference on the sessions returned by l2tp_session_find_nth()
(and rename it l2tp_session_get_nth() to reflect this change), so that
caller is assured that the session isn't going to disappear while
processing it.
For procfs and debugfs handlers, the session is held in the .start()
callback and dropped in .show(). Given that pppol2tp_seq_session_show()
dereferences the associated PPPoL2TP socket and that
l2tp_dfs_seq_session_show() might call pppol2tp_show(), we also need to
call the session's .ref() callback to prevent the socket from going
away from under us.
Fixes: fd558d186d ("l2tp: Split pppol2tp patch into separate l2tp and ppp parts")
Fixes: 0ad6614048 ("l2tp: Add debugfs files for dumping l2tp debug info")
Fixes: 309795f4be ("l2tp: Add netlink control API for L2TP")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 89e357d83c upstream.
A dump may come in the middle of another dump, modifying its dump
structure members. This race condition will result in NULL pointer
dereference in kernel. So add a lock to prevent that race.
Fixes: 83321d6b98 ("[AF_KEY]: Dump SA/SP entries non-atomically")
Signed-off-by: Yuejie Shi <syjcnss@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 2777e2ab5a upstream.
Callers of l2tp_nl_session_find() need to hold a reference on the
returned session since there's no guarantee that it isn't going to
disappear from under them.
Relying on the fact that no l2tp netlink message may be processed
concurrently isn't enough: sessions can be deleted by other means
(e.g. by closing the PPPOL2TP socket of a ppp pseudowire).
l2tp_nl_cmd_session_delete() is a bit special: it runs a callback
function that may require a previous call to session->ref(). In
particular, for ppp pseudowires, the callback is l2tp_session_delete(),
which then calls pppol2tp_session_close() and dereferences the PPPOL2TP
socket. The socket might already be gone at the moment
l2tp_session_delete() calls session->ref(), so we need to take a
reference during the session lookup. So we need to pass the do_ref
variable down to l2tp_session_get() and l2tp_session_get_by_ifname().
Since all callers have to be updated, l2tp_session_find_by_ifname() and
l2tp_nl_session_find() are renamed to reflect their new behaviour.
Fixes: 309795f4be ("l2tp: Add netlink control API for L2TP")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit dbdbc73b44 upstream.
l2tp_session_create() relies on its caller for checking for duplicate
sessions. This is racy since a session can be concurrently inserted
after the caller's verification.
Fix this by letting l2tp_session_create() verify sessions uniqueness
upon insertion. Callers need to be adapted to check for
l2tp_session_create()'s return code instead of calling
l2tp_session_find().
pppol2tp_connect() is a bit special because it has to work on existing
sessions (if they're not connected) or to create a new session if none
is found. When acting on a preexisting session, a reference must be
held or it could go away on us. So we have to use l2tp_session_get()
instead of l2tp_session_find() and drop the reference before exiting.
Fixes: d9e31d17ce ("l2tp: Add L2TP ethernet pseudowire support")
Fixes: fd558d186d ("l2tp: Split pppol2tp patch into separate l2tp and ppp parts")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 57377d6354 upstream.
Holding a reference on session is required before calling
pppol2tp_session_ioctl(). The session could get freed while processing the
ioctl otherwise. Since pppol2tp_session_ioctl() uses the session's socket,
we also need to take a reference on it in l2tp_session_get().
Fixes: fd558d186d ("l2tp: Split pppol2tp patch into separate l2tp and ppp parts")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 61b9a04772 upstream.
Taking a reference on sessions in l2tp_recv_common() is racy; this
has to be done by the callers.
To this end, a new function is required (l2tp_session_get()) to
atomically lookup a session and take a reference on it. Callers then
have to manually drop this reference.
Fixes: fd558d186d ("l2tp: Split pppol2tp patch into separate l2tp and ppp parts")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit e91793bb61 upstream.
The Rx path may grab the socket right before pppol2tp_release(), but
nothing guarantees that it will enqueue packets before
skb_queue_purge(). Therefore, the socket can be destroyed without its
queues fully purged.
Fix this by purging queues in pppol2tp_session_destruct() where we're
guaranteed nothing is still referencing the socket.
Fixes: 9e9cb6221a ("l2tp: fix userspace reception on plain L2TP sockets")
Signed-off-by: Guillaume Nault <g.nault@alphalink.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 75c689dca9 upstream.
In the commit 93557f53e1 ("netfilter: nf_conntrack: nf_conntrack snmp
helper"), the snmp_helper is replaced by nf_nat_snmp_hook. So the
snmp_helper is never registered. But it still tries to unregister the
snmp_helper, it could cause the panic.
Now remove the useless snmp_helper and the unregister call in the
error handler.
Fixes: 93557f53e1 ("netfilter: nf_conntrack: nf_conntrack snmp helper")
Signed-off-by: Gao Feng <fgao@ikuai8.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit aea92fb2e0 upstream.
skb_cow(skb, sizeof(ip header)) is not very helpful in this context.
First we need to use pskb_may_pull() to make sure the ip header
is in skb linear part, then use skb_try_make_writable() to
address clones issues.
Fixes: 4c30719f4f ("[PKT_SCHED] dsmark: handle cloned and non-linear skb's")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 3697649ff2 upstream.
When we're dealing with clones and the area is not writeable, try
harder and get a copy via pskb_expand_head(). Replace also other
occurences in tc actions with the new skb_try_make_writable().
Reported-by: Ashhad Sheikh <ashhadsheikh394@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: drop changes to bpf; only tc actions need fixing]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 7df9c24625 upstream.
Dmitry has reported that a BUG_ON() condition in unix_notinflight()
may be triggered by a simple code that forwards unix socket in an
SCM_RIGHTS message.
That is caused by incorrect unix socket GC implementation in unix_gc().
The GC first collects list of candidates, then (a) decrements their
"children's" inflight counter, (b) checks which inflight counters are
now 0, and then (c) increments all inflight counters back.
(a) and (c) are done by calling scan_children() with inc_inflight or
dec_inflight as the second argument.
Commit 6209344f5a ("net: unix: fix inflight counting bug in garbage
collector") changed scan_children() such that it no longer considers
sockets that do not have UNIX_GC_CANDIDATE flag. It also added a block
of code that that unsets this flag _before_ invoking
scan_children(, dec_iflight, ). This may lead to incorrect inflight
counters for some sockets.
This change fixes this bug by changing order of operations:
UNIX_GC_CANDIDATE is now unset only after all inflight counters are
restored to the original state.
kernel BUG at net/unix/garbage.c:149!
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8717ebf4>] [<ffffffff8717ebf4>]
unix_notinflight+0x3b4/0x490 net/unix/garbage.c:149
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff8716cfbf>] unix_detach_fds.isra.19+0xff/0x170 net/unix/af_unix.c:1487
[<ffffffff8716f6a9>] unix_destruct_scm+0xf9/0x210 net/unix/af_unix.c:1496
[<ffffffff86a90a01>] skb_release_head_state+0x101/0x200 net/core/skbuff.c:655
[<ffffffff86a9808a>] skb_release_all+0x1a/0x60 net/core/skbuff.c:668
[<ffffffff86a980ea>] __kfree_skb+0x1a/0x30 net/core/skbuff.c:684
[<ffffffff86a98284>] kfree_skb+0x184/0x570 net/core/skbuff.c:705
[<ffffffff871789d5>] unix_release_sock+0x5b5/0xbd0 net/unix/af_unix.c:559
[<ffffffff87179039>] unix_release+0x49/0x90 net/unix/af_unix.c:836
[<ffffffff86a694b2>] sock_release+0x92/0x1f0 net/socket.c:570
[<ffffffff86a6962b>] sock_close+0x1b/0x20 net/socket.c:1017
[<ffffffff81a76b8e>] __fput+0x34e/0x910 fs/file_table.c:208
[<ffffffff81a771da>] ____fput+0x1a/0x20 fs/file_table.c:244
[<ffffffff81483ab0>] task_work_run+0x1a0/0x280 kernel/task_work.c:116
[< inline >] exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:21
[<ffffffff8141287a>] do_exit+0x183a/0x2640 kernel/exit.c:828
[<ffffffff8141383e>] do_group_exit+0x14e/0x420 kernel/exit.c:931
[<ffffffff814429d3>] get_signal+0x663/0x1880 kernel/signal.c:2307
[<ffffffff81239b45>] do_signal+0xc5/0x2190 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:807
[<ffffffff8100666a>] exit_to_usermode_loop+0x1ea/0x2d0
arch/x86/entry/common.c:156
[< inline >] prepare_exit_to_usermode arch/x86/entry/common.c:190
[<ffffffff81009693>] syscall_return_slowpath+0x4d3/0x570
arch/x86/entry/common.c:259
[<ffffffff881478e6>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0xc4/0xc6
Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/3/6/252
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ulanov <andreyu@google.com>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Fixes: 6209344 ("net: unix: fix inflight counting bug in garbage collector")
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 4ee39733fb upstream.
Anycast routes have the RTF_ANYCAST flag set, but when dumping routes
for userspace the route type is not set to RTN_ANYCAST. Make it so.
Fixes: 58c4fb86ea ("[IPV6]: Flag RTF_ANYCAST for anycast routes")
CC: Hideaki YOSHIFUJI <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit ea90e0dc8c upstream.
Sowmini pointed out Dmitry's RTNL deadlock report to me, and it turns out
to be perfectly accurate - there are various error paths that miss unlock
of the RTNL.
To fix those, change the locking a bit to not be conditional in all those
nl80211_prepare_*_dump() functions, but make those require the RTNL to
start with, and fix the buggy error paths. This also let me use sparse
(by appropriately overriding the rtnl_lock/rtnl_unlock functions) to
validate the changes.
Reported-by: Sowmini Varadhan <sowmini.varadhan@oracle.com>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16:
- Drop changes to nl80211_dump_interface(), nl80211_dump_mpp(),
nl80211_prepare_vendor_dump(), nl80211_vendor_cmd_dump()
- Adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 22a0e18eac upstream.
I mistakenly added the code to release sk->sk_frag in
sk_common_release() instead of sk_destruct()
TCP sockets using sk->sk_allocation == GFP_ATOMIC do no call
sk_common_release() at close time, thus leaking one (order-3) page.
iSCSI is using such sockets.
Fixes: 5640f76858 ("net: use a per task frag allocator")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 45caeaa5ac upstream.
As Eric Dumazet pointed out this also needs to be fixed in IPv6.
v2: Contains the IPv6 tcp/Ipv6 dccp patches as well.
We have seen a few incidents lately where a dst_enty has been freed
with a dangling TCP socket reference (sk->sk_dst_cache) pointing to that
dst_entry. If the conditions/timings are right a crash then ensues when the
freed dst_entry is referenced later on. A Common crashing back trace is:
#8 [] page_fault at ffffffff8163e648
[exception RIP: __tcp_ack_snd_check+74]
.
.
#9 [] tcp_rcv_established at ffffffff81580b64
#10 [] tcp_v4_do_rcv at ffffffff8158b54a
#11 [] tcp_v4_rcv at ffffffff8158cd02
#12 [] ip_local_deliver_finish at ffffffff815668f4
#13 [] ip_local_deliver at ffffffff81566bd9
#14 [] ip_rcv_finish at ffffffff8156656d
#15 [] ip_rcv at ffffffff81566f06
#16 [] __netif_receive_skb_core at ffffffff8152b3a2
#17 [] __netif_receive_skb at ffffffff8152b608
#18 [] netif_receive_skb at ffffffff8152b690
#19 [] vmxnet3_rq_rx_complete at ffffffffa015eeaf [vmxnet3]
#20 [] vmxnet3_poll_rx_only at ffffffffa015f32a [vmxnet3]
#21 [] net_rx_action at ffffffff8152bac2
#22 [] __do_softirq at ffffffff81084b4f
#23 [] call_softirq at ffffffff8164845c
#24 [] do_softirq at ffffffff81016fc5
#25 [] irq_exit at ffffffff81084ee5
#26 [] do_IRQ at ffffffff81648ff8
Of course it may happen with other NIC drivers as well.
It's found the freed dst_entry here:
224 static bool tcp_in_quickack_mode(struct sock *sk)↩
225 {↩
226 ▹ const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);↩
227 ▹ const struct dst_entry *dst = __sk_dst_get(sk);↩
228 ↩
229 ▹ return (dst && dst_metric(dst, RTAX_QUICKACK)) ||↩
230 ▹ ▹ (icsk->icsk_ack.quick && !icsk->icsk_ack.pingpong);↩
231 }↩
But there are other backtraces attributed to the same freed dst_entry in
netfilter code as well.
All the vmcores showed 2 significant clues:
- Remote hosts behind the default gateway had always been redirected to a
different gateway. A rtable/dst_entry will be added for that host. Making
more dst_entrys with lower reference counts. Making this more probable.
- All vmcores showed a postitive LockDroppedIcmps value, e.g:
LockDroppedIcmps 267
A closer look at the tcp_v4_err() handler revealed that do_redirect() will run
regardless of whether user space has the socket locked. This can result in a
race condition where the same dst_entry cached in sk->sk_dst_entry can be
decremented twice for the same socket via:
do_redirect()->__sk_dst_check()-> dst_release().
Which leads to the dst_entry being prematurely freed with another socket
pointing to it via sk->sk_dst_cache and a subsequent crash.
To fix this skip do_redirect() if usespace has the socket locked. Instead let
the redirect take place later when user space does not have the socket
locked.
The dccp/IPv6 code is very similar in this respect, so fixing it there too.
As Eric Garver pointed out the following commit now invalidates routes. Which
can set the dst->obsolete flag so that ipv4_dst_check() returns null and
triggers the dst_release().
Fixes: ceb3320610 ("ipv4: Kill routes during PMTU/redirect updates.")
Cc: Eric Garver <egarver@redhat.com>
Cc: Hannes Sowa <hsowa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jon Maxwell <jmaxwell37@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 67e194007b upstream.
Commit 2759647247 ("ipv6: fix ECMP route replacement") introduced a
loop that removes all siblings of an ECMP route that is being
replaced. However, this loop doesn't stop when it has replaced
siblings, and keeps removing other routes with a higher metric.
We also end up triggering the WARN_ON after the loop, because after
this nsiblings < 0.
Instead, stop the loop when we have taken care of all routes with the
same metric as the route being replaced.
Reproducer:
===========
#!/bin/sh
ip netns add ns1
ip netns add ns2
ip -net ns1 link set lo up
for x in 0 1 2 ; do
ip link add veth$x netns ns2 type veth peer name eth$x netns ns1
ip -net ns1 link set eth$x up
ip -net ns2 link set veth$x up
done
ip -net ns1 -6 r a 2000::/64 nexthop via fe80::0 dev eth0 \
nexthop via fe80::1 dev eth1 nexthop via fe80::2 dev eth2
ip -net ns1 -6 r a 2000::/64 via fe80::42 dev eth0 metric 256
ip -net ns1 -6 r a 2000::/64 via fe80::43 dev eth0 metric 2048
echo "before replace, 3 routes"
ip -net ns1 -6 r | grep -v '^fe80\|^ff00'
echo
ip -net ns1 -6 r c 2000::/64 nexthop via fe80::4 dev eth0 \
nexthop via fe80::5 dev eth1 nexthop via fe80::6 dev eth2
echo "after replace, only 2 routes, metric 2048 is gone"
ip -net ns1 -6 r | grep -v '^fe80\|^ff00'
Fixes: 2759647247 ("ipv6: fix ECMP route replacement")
Signed-off-by: Sabrina Dubroca <sd@queasysnail.net>
Acked-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com>
Reviewed-by: Xin Long <lucien.xin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Kubecek <mkubecek@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 4b3b45edba upstream.
commit c146066ab8 ("ipv4: Don't use ufo handling on later transformed
packets") and commit f89c56ce71 ("ipv6: Don't use ufo handling on
later transformed packets") added a check that 'rt->dst.header_len' isn't
zero in order to skip UFO, but it doesn't include IPcomp in transport mode
where it equals zero.
Packets, after payload compression, may not require further fragmentation,
and if original length exceeds MTU, later compressed packets will be
transmitted incorrectly. This can be reproduced with LTP udp_ipsec.sh test
on veth device with enabled UFO, MTU is 1500 and UDP payload is 2000:
* IPv4 case, offset is wrong + unnecessary fragmentation
udp_ipsec.sh -p comp -m transport -s 2000 &
tcpdump -ni ltp_ns_veth2
...
IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 45203, offset 0, flags [+],
proto Compressed IP (108), length 49)
10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: IPComp(cpi=0x1000)
IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 45203, offset 1480, flags [none],
proto UDP (17), length 21) 10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: ip-proto-17
* IPv6 case, sending small fragments
udp_ipsec.sh -6 -p comp -m transport -s 2000 &
tcpdump -ni ltp_ns_veth2
...
IP6 (flowlabel 0x6b9ba, hlim 64, next-header Compressed IP (108)
payload length: 37) fd00::2 > fd00::1: IPComp(cpi=0x1000)
IP6 (flowlabel 0x6b9ba, hlim 64, next-header Compressed IP (108)
payload length: 21) fd00::2 > fd00::1: IPComp(cpi=0x1000)
Fix it by checking 'rt->dst.xfrm' pointer to 'xfrm_state' struct, skip UFO
if xfrm is set. So the new check will include both cases: IPcomp and IPsec.
Fixes: c146066ab8 ("ipv4: Don't use ufo handling on later transformed packets")
Fixes: f89c56ce71 ("ipv6: Don't use ufo handling on later transformed packets")
Signed-off-by: Alexey Kodanev <alexey.kodanev@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit b581a5854e upstream.
Since ceph.git commit 4e28f9e63644 ("osd/OSDMap: clear osd_info,
osd_xinfo on osd deletion"), weight is set to IN when OSD is deleted.
This changes the result of applying an incremental for clients, not
just OSDs. Because CRUSH computations are obviously affected,
pre-4e28f9e63644 servers disagree with post-4e28f9e63644 clients on
object placement, resulting in misdirected requests.
Mirrors ceph.git commit a6009d1039a55e2c77f431662b3d6cc5a8e8e63f.
Fixes: 930c532869 ("libceph: apply new_state before new_up_client on incrementals")
Link: http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/19122
Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 1c2bcc766b upstream.
The batman-adv fragmentation packets have the design problem that they
cannot be refragmented and cannot handle padding by the underlying link.
The latter often leads to problems when networks are incorrectly configured
and don't use a common MTU.
The sender could for example fragment a 1271 byte frame (plus external
ethernet header (14) and batadv unicast header (10)) to fit in a 1280 bytes
large MTU of the underlying link (max. 1294 byte frames). This would create
a 1294 bytes large frame (fragment 2) and a 55 bytes large frame
(fragment 1). The extra 54 bytes are the fragment header (20) added to each
fragment and the external ethernet header (14) for the second fragment.
Let us assume that the next hop is then not able to transport 1294 bytes to
its next hop. The 1294 byte large frame will be dropped but the 55 bytes
large fragment will still be forwarded to its destination.
Or let us assume that the underlying hardware requires that each frame has
a minimum size (e.g. 60 bytes). Then it will pad the 55 bytes frame to 60
bytes. The receiver of the 60 bytes frame will no longer be able to
correctly assemble the two frames together because it is not aware that 5
bytes of the 60 bytes frame are padding and don't belong to the reassembled
frame.
This can partly be avoided by splitting frames more equally. In this
example, the 675 and 674 bytes large fragment frames could both potentially
reach its destination without being too large or too small.
Reported-by: Martin Weinelt <martin@darmstadt.freifunk.net>
Fixes: ee75ed8887 ("batman-adv: Fragment and send skbs larger than mtu")
Signed-off-by: Sven Eckelmann <sven@narfation.org>
Acked-by: Linus Lüssing <linus.luessing@c0d3.blue>
Signed-off-by: Simon Wunderlich <sw@simonwunderlich.de>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit c282222a45 upstream.
Dmitry reports following splat:
INFO: trying to register non-static key.
the code is fine but needs lockdep annotation.
turning off the locking correctness validator.
CPU: 0 PID: 13059 Comm: syz-executor1 Not tainted 4.10.0-rc7-next-20170207 #1
[..]
spin_lock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:304 [inline]
xfrm_policy_flush+0x32/0x470 net/xfrm/xfrm_policy.c:963
xfrm_policy_fini+0xbf/0x560 net/xfrm/xfrm_policy.c:3041
xfrm_net_init+0x79f/0x9e0 net/xfrm/xfrm_policy.c:3091
ops_init+0x10a/0x530 net/core/net_namespace.c:115
setup_net+0x2ed/0x690 net/core/net_namespace.c:291
copy_net_ns+0x26c/0x530 net/core/net_namespace.c:396
create_new_namespaces+0x409/0x860 kernel/nsproxy.c:106
unshare_nsproxy_namespaces+0xae/0x1e0 kernel/nsproxy.c:205
SYSC_unshare kernel/fork.c:2281 [inline]
Problem is that when we get error during xfrm_net_init we will call
xfrm_policy_fini which will acquire xfrm_policy_lock before it was
initialized. Just move it around so locks get set up first.
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Fixes: 283bc9f35b ("xfrm: Namespacify xfrm state/policy locks")
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Signed-off-by: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: xfrm_policy_lock is an rwlock]
commit 5f2f97656a upstream.
This fixes CVE-2017-7482.
When a kerberos 5 ticket is being decoded so that it can be loaded into an
rxrpc-type key, there are several places in which the length of a
variable-length field is checked to make sure that it's not going to
overrun the available data - but the data is padded to the nearest
four-byte boundary and the code doesn't check for this extra. This could
lead to the size-remaining variable wrapping and the data pointer going
over the end of the buffer.
Fix this by making the various variable-length data checks use the padded
length.
Reported-by: 石磊 <shilei-c@360.cn>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc Dionne <marc.c.dionne@auristor.com>
Reviewed-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust filename, context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 232cd35d08 upstream.
Andrey Konovalov and idaifish@gmail.com reported crashes caused by
one skb shared_info being overwritten from __ip6_append_data()
Andrey program lead to following state :
copy -4200 datalen 2000 fraglen 2040
maxfraglen 2040 alloclen 2048 transhdrlen 0 offset 0 fraggap 6200
The skb_copy_and_csum_bits(skb_prev, maxfraglen, data + transhdrlen,
fraggap, 0); is overwriting skb->head and skb_shared_info
Since we apparently detect this rare condition too late, move the
code earlier to even avoid allocating skb and risking crashes.
Once again, many thanks to Andrey and syzkaller team.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Tested-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Reported-by: <idaifish@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 83eaddab43 upstream.
Like commit 657831ffc3 ("dccp/tcp: do not inherit mc_list from parent")
we should clear ipv6_mc_list etc. for IPv6 sockets too.
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit fdcee2cbb8 upstream.
SCTP needs fixes similar to 83eaddab43 ("ipv6/dccp: do not inherit
ipv6_mc_list from parent"), otherwise bad things can happen.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Tested-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 7dd7eb9513 upstream.
Do not use unsigned variables to see if it returns a negative
error or not.
Fixes: 2423496af3 ("ipv6: Prevent overrun when parsing v6 header options")
Reported-by: Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@lip6.fr>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
[bwh: Backported to 3.16: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit 657831ffc3 upstream.
syzkaller found a way to trigger double frees from ip_mc_drop_socket()
It turns out that leave a copy of parent mc_list at accept() time,
which is very bad.
Very similar to commit 8b485ce698 ("tcp: do not inherit
fastopen_req from parent")
Initial report from Pray3r, completed by Andrey one.
Thanks a lot to them !
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: Pray3r <pray3r.z@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Tested-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
commit ee0d8d8482 upstream.
We should call ipxitf_put() if the copy_to_user() fails.
Reported-by: 李强 <liqiang6-s@360.cn>
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
