Commit graph

248,318 commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Linus Torvalds
156fa7417f x86 fixes:
- Reject the loading of a potentially problematic microcode version
    on Intel Granite Rapids systems (Chang S. Bae)
 
  - On FRED, reconstruct the proper #GP context for rejected INT
    instructions, to fix a signal ABI regression (Matthew Schwartz)
 
  - Add a test for this signal ABI regression the x86
    self-test suite (Matthew Schwartz)
 
  - Don't emit the new and not yet properly supported EGPR instructions
    (%r16-%r31) on CONFIG_X86_NATIVE_CPU=y builds (Chang S. Bae)
 
 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'x86-urgent-2026-09-20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull x86 fixes from Ingo Molnar:

 - Reject the loading of a potentially problematic microcode version
   on Intel Granite Rapids systems (Chang S. Bae)

 - On FRED, reconstruct the proper #GP context for rejected INT
   instructions, to fix a signal ABI regression (Matthew Schwartz)

 - Add a test for this signal ABI regression the x86
   self-test suite (Matthew Schwartz)

 - Don't emit the new and not yet properly supported EGPR instructions
   (%r16-%r31) on CONFIG_X86_NATIVE_CPU=y builds (Chang S. Bae)

* tag 'x86-urgent-2026-09-20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/build/64: Prevent native builds from generating EGPR use
  selftests/x86: Check signal state for rejected software interrupts
  x86/fred: Reconstruct the #GP context for rejected INT instructions
  x86/microcode/intel: Reject problematic loading on Granite Rapids systems
2026-09-20 09:49:10 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
abb91eed94 Perf events fixes:
- Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructions (Jinke Han)
 
  - Fix NULL pointer crash during module unload (Vinay Belgaumkar)
 
 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'perf-urgent-2026-09-20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull perf events fixes from Ingo Molnar:

 - Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructions (Jinke Han)

 - Fix NULL pointer crash during module unload (Vinay Belgaumkar)

* tag 'perf-urgent-2026-09-20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  perf: Fix null pointer access in is_include_guest_event()
  x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructions
2026-09-20 09:26:22 -07:00
Chang S. Bae
63edf5a009 x86/build/64: Prevent native builds from generating EGPR use
Omar reports that CONFIG_X86_NATIVE_CPU=y allows builds to opportunistically
emit instructions using %r16-%r31 (EGPRs) when the build host supports APX
since the commit:

  ea1dcca1de ("x86/kbuild/64: Add the CONFIG_X86_NATIVE_CPU option to locally optimize the kernel with '-march=native'")

But the kernel is not yet prepared to use new registers internally. For
example, there is no context-switch support for general in-kernel use.

Explicitly disable EGPR use when building with -march=native.

For C, since GCC 14 and Clang 18, both compilers support suppressing EGPR
use with -mno-apx-features=egpr, whose availability can be detected via
cc-option.

For Rust, pass features=-apxf through the generated JSON to avoid
unstable-feature warnings, see

  https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/139284

Note Rust only accepts the option to disable APX instructions entirely or not.

Support for this gating also depends on the Rust/LLVM combination. Rust
1.88 introduced the `apxf` feature option, but versions prior to 1.93 may
emit an `apxf` attribute to the backend that only LLVM 23 or later can
interpret. Restrict native Rust builds accordingly.

Fixes: ea1dcca1de ("x86/kbuild/64: Add the CONFIG_X86_NATIVE_CPU option to locally optimize the kernel with '-march=native'")
Reported-by: Omar Avelar <omar.avelar@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260916230003.1144622-1-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
2026-09-18 21:43:38 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
f259f446f5 soc: fixes for 7.3
The driver fixes are all for simple mistakes: a use-after-free bug
 on Samsung Exynos, error handling and reference counting on Arm SCMI
 firmware and a problem dealing with inconsistent firmware information.
 
 The rest are devicetree fixes for arm64 platforms from Altera, Renesas
 and Amlogic. On the Renesas platform, one patch addresses a boot time
 regression, the rest address minor performance and correctness issues.
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Merge tag 'soc-fixes-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/soc/soc

Pull SoC fixes from Arnd Bergmann:
 "The driver fixes are all for simple mistakes: a use-after-free bug on
  Samsung Exynos, error handling and reference counting on Arm SCMI
  firmware and a problem dealing with inconsistent firmware information.

  The rest are devicetree fixes for arm64 platforms from Altera, Renesas
  and Amlogic. On the Renesas platform, one patch addresses a boot time
  regression, the rest address minor performance and correctness issues"

* tag 'soc-fixes-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/soc/soc: (21 commits)
  soc: samsung: exynos-pmu: fix use-after-free of interrupt generator node
  arm64: dts: renesas: r8a779f0: Set UFS lane count
  firmware: arm_scmi: Fix typo "upto" in comment
  arm64: dts: renesas: r9a09g087: Switch GBETH TX queue scheduling to WRR
  arm64: dts: renesas: r9a09g077: Switch GBETH TX queue scheduling to WRR
  arm64: dts: renesas: r9a09g047: Switch GBETH TX queue scheduling to WRR
  arm64: dts: renesas: r9a09g056: Switch GBETH TX queue scheduling to WRR
  arm64: dts: renesas: r9a09g057: Switch GBETH TX queue scheduling to WRR
  firmware: arm_ffa: Tear down driver during shutdown
  clk: scpi: use PLATFORM_DEVID_NONE for scpi-cpufreq
  clk: scpi: register scpi-cpufreq once and clear on failure
  clk: scpi: bound-check DVFS index in scpi_dvfs_recalc_rate
  firmware: arm_scpi: reject DVFS OPP count above MAX_DVFS_OPPS
  firmware: arm_scpi: fix device_node leak in scpi_dev_domain_id
  arm64: dts: socfpga: change access permission from 755 to 644
  ARM: socfpga: select the PL310 erratum 753970 workaround
  arm64: dts: amlogic: t7: fix the pin groups of the vsync PWM
  arm64: dts: amlogic: t7: khadas-vim4: add the PWM-driven supplies
  arm64: dts: amlogic: t7: fix the pin groups of two PWM outputs
  arm64: dts: amlogic: t7: khadas-vim4: allow the SD card to be power cycled
  ...
2026-09-18 09:34:57 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
a077be4fde arm64 fixes for -rc4
- Fix hypercall arguments when resetting EL2 vectors during hibernation
 
 - Fix hibernation with 52-bit capable kernels on machines without
   52-bit addressing, similarly to the recent kexec fix
 
 - Fix a bunch of clumsy codegen issues with our per-cpu accessors
 
 - Fix MTE ptrace documentation to reflect the de-facto ABI behaviour
 
 - Fix pthread_join() usage in MTE selftest
 
 - Fix port selection in the Arm CMN PMU driver
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Merge tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux

Pull arm64 fixes from Will Deacon:
 "In this batch we've got a couple of hibernation fixes, a couple of
  minor MTE fixes, some per-cpu codegen fixes (which were found as part
  of Mark's series adding preemptible this_cpu_*() operations) and a fix
  for the Arm CMN PMU driver.

  Summary:

   - Fix hypercall arguments when resetting EL2 vectors during
     hibernation

   - Fix hibernation with 52-bit capable kernels on machines without
     52-bit addressing, similarly to the recent kexec fix

   - Fix a bunch of clumsy codegen issues with our per-cpu accessors

   - Fix MTE ptrace documentation to reflect the de-facto ABI behaviour

   - Fix pthread_join() usage in MTE selftest

   - Fix port selection in the Arm CMN PMU driver"

* tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux:
  arm64: mte: Fix PTRACE_{PEEK,POKE}MTETAGS error documentation
  kselftest/arm64: Fix size of thread_data values for pthread_join()
  arm64: percpu: Fix LSE operations on {8,16}-bit types
  arm64: percpu: Fix this_cpu_and() mask generation
  arm64: percpu: Fix this_cpu_write() casting
  arm64: hibernate: clone only the linear map that exists at runtime
  perf/arm-cmn: Fix wp_dev_sel2 setting for multi-DTM configurations
  arm64: hibernate: pass HVC_SET_VECTORS args to the resume hvc
2026-09-18 09:28:30 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
5023f5b861 - Fix kconfig dependencies for ECONET
- Enable weak reordering for EYEQ
 - Include USB FDT fixup for Octeon even when USB is modular
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Merge tag 'mips-fixes_7.3_1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mips/linux

Pull MIPS fixes from Thomas Bogendoerfer:

 - Fix kconfig dependencies for ECONET

 - Enable weak reordering for EYEQ

 - Include USB FDT fixup for Octeon even when USB is modular

* tag 'mips-fixes_7.3_1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mips/linux:
  MIPS: Octeon: apply USB FDT fixups also when USB is modular
  mips: select CONFIG_WEAK_REORDERING_BEYOND_LLSC from CONFIG_EYEQ
  MIPS: config: Add EcoNet EN751221 defconfig
  mips: econet: fix unmet dependencies for ECONET
2026-09-18 09:25:07 -07:00
Arnd Bergmann
2d5061ff37 Renesas fixes for v7.3 (take two)
- Fix UFS regression on R-Car S4.
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Merge tag 'renesas-fixes-for-v7.3-tag2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/geert/renesas-devel into arm/fixes

Renesas fixes for v7.3 (take two)

  - Fix UFS regression on R-Car S4.

* tag 'renesas-fixes-for-v7.3-tag2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/geert/renesas-devel:
  arm64: dts: renesas: r8a779f0: Set UFS lane count

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
2026-09-18 14:34:03 +02:00
Matthew Schwartz
93f53499d0 x86/fred: Reconstruct the #GP context for rejected INT instructions
FRED event delivery does not use the IDT, so the gate DPL check that
rejects a user INT n falls to software (Intel FRED specification [1],
section 8.3). fred_intx() rejects the same vectors as IDT delivery, but
reports a zero error code and the IP after the INT. This breaks the
signal ABI. Wine uses the error code to recognize INT 0x2d, so the
changed context turns a handled breakpoint into an access violation in
Elden Ring.

Rewind IP using the instruction length in the augmented SS and
synthesize the IDT selector error code, (vector << 3) | 2. Set RF in the
saved flags, as the CPU does for a #GP fault. Section 5.2.1 defines the
saved vector, instruction length and RF state. The supplied length
handles prefixes without reading user memory. Limit the changes to
already-rejected software interrupts, preserving the accepted INT3, INT4
and enabled INT80 paths and hardware exceptions. With IA32 emulation
disabled, INT 0x80 now reports the same #GP as the DPL 0 gate IDT
installs there. The rewound IP also stops fixup_iopl_exception() from
inspecting the byte after the INT.

Also clear the software event flag. Section 6.2.3 specifies that ERETU
with this flag and TF set traps before executing any user instruction. A
tracer that suppresses SIGSEGV and resumes with TF set expects the next
instruction to run first, as after IRET. The sigreturn path clears the
same flag for this reason in prevent_single_step_upon_eretu().

[1] Intel Flexible Return and Event Delivery (FRED) Specification,
revision 9.0 (346446-009US), sections 5.2.1, 6.2.3 and 8.3.

Fixes: 14619d912b ("x86/fred: FRED entry/exit and dispatch code")
Closes: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/work_items/15745
Closes: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/work_items/16132
Reported-by: Paul Gofman <pgofman@codeweavers.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Schwartz <matthew.schwartz@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://cdrdv2.intel.com/v1/dl/getContent/678938 # [1]
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260917230907.2080792-2-matthew.schwartz@linux.dev
2026-09-18 12:33:17 +02:00
Chang S. Bae
e7d3e2f46d x86/microcode/intel: Reject problematic loading on Granite Rapids systems
Microcode updates can usually jump revisions. However, there is an erratum on
Granite Rapids systems. If they "jump over" revision 0x1000405, they result in
an #MC. Avoid it.

Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260916225939.1144524-1-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
2026-09-17 16:54:20 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
4aec9ad1c6 dma-mapping fixes for Linux 7.3
A few fixes for the DMA-mapping code:
 - resolved regression in accessing encrypted memory by IOMMU-backed
 devices (Aneesh Kumar K.V),
 - improved failure handling and removed rare bug in swiotlb/highmem
 (Donggeun Yoo).
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Merge tag 'dma-mapping-7.3-2026-09-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszyprowski/linux

Pull dma-mapping fixes from Marek Szyprowski:
 "A few fixes for the DMA-mapping code:

   - resolved regression in accessing encrypted memory by IOMMU-backed
     devices (Aneesh Kumar K.V)

   - improved failure handling and removed rare bug in swiotlb/highmem
     (Donggeun Yoo)"

* tag 'dma-mapping-7.3-2026-09-17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszyprowski/linux:
  x86/mm: Don't force unencrypted DMA for IOMMU-backed devices
  dma-mapping: don't trace the DMA address when the allocation fails
  swiotlb: use the adjusted address for the highmem page lookup
  dma-coherent: report a failed reserved memory assignment
2026-09-17 08:03:37 -07:00
Jinke Han
a5f7a5bb3b x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructions
When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7 ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000
2026-09-17 09:48:42 +02:00
Linus Torvalds
238650ef6c powerpc fixes for 7.3 #4
- PPC/KVM - fix use-after-free in kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid()
  - PPC/KVM - fix secure device page leak on uv_page_in() failure
  - powerpc/iommu: Fix the overflow validation in iommu_tce_check_ioba
 
 Thanks to: Amit Machhiwal, Gautam Menghani, Ritesh Harjani (IBM), R Nageswara
 Sastry, Shivaprasad G Bhat
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Merge tag 'powerpc-7.3-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux

Pull powerpc fixes from Madhavan Srinivasan:
 "KVM:
    - fix use-after-free in kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid()
    - fix secure device page leak on uv_page_in() failure

  iommu:
    - Fix the overflow validation in iommu_tce_check_ioba

  Thanks to Amit Machhiwal, Gautam Menghani, Ritesh Harjani (IBM), R
  Nageswara Sastry, and Shivaprasad G Bhat"

* tag 'powerpc-7.3-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux:
  powerpc/iommu: Fix the overflow validation in iommu_tce_check_ioba
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: fix secure device page leak on uv_page_in() failure
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: fix use-after-free in kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid()
2026-09-16 09:29:25 -07:00
Arnd Bergmann
ce55a6545a Amlogic DT Fixes for v7.3:
- Set of fixes for Amlogic T7:
  - use the real UART pclk
  - allow the SD card to be power cycled by dropping regulator-always-on
  - fix the pin groups of two PWM outputs
  - add the CPU cores PWM-driven supplies to fix runtime crashes
  - fix the pin groups of the vsync PWM using non-existing pin group
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Merge tag 'amlogic-fixes-v7.3-rc' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/amlogic/linux into arm/fixes

Amlogic DT Fixes for v7.3:
- Set of fixes for Amlogic T7:
 - use the real UART pclk
 - allow the SD card to be power cycled by dropping regulator-always-on
 - fix the pin groups of two PWM outputs
 - add the CPU cores PWM-driven supplies to fix runtime crashes
 - fix the pin groups of the vsync PWM using non-existing pin group

* tag 'amlogic-fixes-v7.3-rc' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/amlogic/linux:
  arm64: dts: amlogic: t7: fix the pin groups of the vsync PWM
  arm64: dts: amlogic: t7: khadas-vim4: add the PWM-driven supplies
  arm64: dts: amlogic: t7: fix the pin groups of two PWM outputs
  arm64: dts: amlogic: t7: khadas-vim4: allow the SD card to be power cycled
  arm64: dts: amlogic: t7: use the real UART pclk

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
2026-09-16 13:05:33 +02:00
Shivaprasad G Bhat
0b271f7d7f powerpc/iommu: Fix the overflow validation in iommu_tce_check_ioba
The commit b1af23d836 ("KVM: PPC: iommu: Unify TCE checking") unified
IOBA parameter checking across KVM and VFIO into iommu_tce_check_ioba().
While doing so, the passed in argument npages is ignored and constant
value '1' is used leaving out a possible overflow as the callers can
legitimately be using npages > 1 for H_STUFF_TCE or H_PUT_TCE_INDIRECT
cases.

Fix this by accounting for 'npages', checking for arithmetic overflow,
and verifying that the entire requested range (ioba - offset + npages)
does not exceed the table capacity 'size'.

Fixes: b1af23d836 ("KVM: PPC: iommu: Unify TCE checking")
Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
Tested-by: R Nageswara Sastry <rnsastry@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Shivaprasad G Bhat <sbhat@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Gautam Menghani <gautam@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
2026-09-16 13:43:58 +05:30
Amit Machhiwal
0a416ee20b KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: fix secure device page leak on uv_page_in() failure
In kvmppc_svm_page_in(), if uv_page_in() fails after
kvmppc_uvmem_get_page() has succeeded, the secure device page is never
released.  kvmppc_uvmem_get_page() sets a bit in kvmppc_uvmem_bitmap,
allocates a kvmppc_uvmem_page_pvt struct, marks the GFN as
KVMPPC_GFN_UVMEM_PFN, and calls zone_device_page_init() which sets
refcount=1 and locks the page.  The subsequent goto out_finalize skips
the *mig.dst assignment, so migrate_vma_finalize() is a no-op for the
page, and none of those resources are ever reclaimed.

Each occurrence permanently consumes one entry from the firmware-bounded
secure memory pool (kvmppc_uvmem_bitmap), leaks pvt, and leaves the GFN
marked as secure — making it unusable for the lifetime of the VM.

The twin __kvmppc_svm_page_out() already handles the analogous uv_page_out()
failure correctly with unlock_page(dpage); __free_page(dpage).  Apply
the same pattern here: unlock_page() followed by put_page(), which
chains through free_zone_device_folio() into kvmppc_uvmem_folio_free()
to clear the bitmap bit, free pvt, and reset the GFN state.

Reachable whenever uv_page_in() returns an error (e.g. UV pool
exhaustion) on any POWER9/10 + Ultravisor/PEF system.

Fixes: ca9f494267 ("KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Support for running secure guests")
Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
Tested-by: R Nageswara Sastry <rnsastry@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Amit Machhiwal <amachhiw@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Gautam Menghani <gautam@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
2026-09-16 13:43:54 +05:30
Amit Machhiwal
51938dfa8a KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: fix use-after-free in kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid()
kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid() iterates the nested-guest IDR and drops
mmu_lock before calling kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_lpid(), but does not hold a
reference on the kvm_nested_guest pointer obtained from the IDR.  A
concurrent vCPU issuing a single-LPID tlbie (is=2, ric=2) can race
through kvmhv_flush_nested() -> kvmhv_remove_nested() -> idr_remove /
--refcnt -> kvmhv_release_nested() -> kfree(gp) in that window, leaving
the iterating vCPU with a dangling pointer.  The subsequent
mutex_lock(&gp->tlb_lock) and accesses to gp->shadow_pgtable,
gp->shadow_lpid and gp->l1_host all touch freed memory.  The free path
is fully L1-controlled.

Fix this by incrementing gp->refcnt inside the loop before dropping
mmu_lock, mirroring what kvmhv_get_nested() does, and releasing the
reference with kvmhv_put_nested() after the per-guest work completes.
This is the same get/put discipline already used at every other
call site that drops mmu_lock while holding a nested-guest pointer.

Fixes: e3b6b46615 ("KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Implement H_TLB_INVALIDATE hcall")
Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
Tested-by: R Nageswara Sastry <rnsastry@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Amit Machhiwal <amachhiw@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Gautam Menghani <gautam@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
2026-09-16 13:43:50 +05:30
Arnd Bergmann
2d5adffc11 Renesas fixes for v7.3
- Fix Ethernet stalls on RZ/V2H, RZ/V2N, RZ/G3E, RZ/T2H, and RZ/N2H.
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Merge tag 'renesas-fixes-for-v7.3-tag1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/geert/renesas-devel into arm/fixes

Renesas fixes for v7.3

  - Fix Ethernet stalls on RZ/V2H, RZ/V2N, RZ/G3E, RZ/T2H, and RZ/N2H.

* tag 'renesas-fixes-for-v7.3-tag1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/geert/renesas-devel:
  arm64: dts: renesas: r9a09g087: Switch GBETH TX queue scheduling to WRR
  arm64: dts: renesas: r9a09g077: Switch GBETH TX queue scheduling to WRR
  arm64: dts: renesas: r9a09g047: Switch GBETH TX queue scheduling to WRR
  arm64: dts: renesas: r9a09g056: Switch GBETH TX queue scheduling to WRR
  arm64: dts: renesas: r9a09g057: Switch GBETH TX queue scheduling to WRR

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
2026-09-14 17:01:58 +02:00
Arnd Bergmann
ebdad7d867 SoCFPGA DTS fix for v7.3
- Fix DTS file access permissions
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Merge tag 'socfpga_dts_fix_for_v7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dinguyen/linux into arm/fixes

SoCFPGA DTS fix for v7.3
- Fix DTS file access permissions

* tag 'socfpga_dts_fix_for_v7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dinguyen/linux:
  arm64: dts: socfpga: change access permission from 755 to 644

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
2026-09-14 17:01:19 +02:00
Arnd Bergmann
8c8a0cac6f SoCFPGA fix for v7.3
- Fix PL310_ERRATA_753970 Kconfig option
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Merge tag 'socfpga_fix_for_v7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dinguyen/linux into arm/fixes

SoCFPGA fix for v7.3
- Fix PL310_ERRATA_753970 Kconfig option

* tag 'socfpga_fix_for_v7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dinguyen/linux:
  ARM: socfpga: select the PL310 erratum 753970 workaround

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
2026-09-14 17:00:58 +02:00
Koichiro Den
8dc2615d57 arm64: dts: renesas: r8a779f0: Set UFS lane count
Since commit e72323f3b0 ("scsi: ufs: core: Configure only active lanes
during link"), the following error is observed on R-Car S4:

    ufshcd-renesas e6860000.ufs: Tx lane mismatch [config,reported] [2,1]
    ufshcd-renesas e6860000.ufs: link startup failed -67
    ufshcd-renesas e6860000.ufs: error -ENOLINK: Initialization failed with error -67
    ufshcd-renesas e6860000.ufs: probe with driver ufshcd-renesas failed with error -67

R-Car S4 has one UFS lane per direction, as described in section 152.1
of its hardware manual.  Without lanes-per-direction, the UFS platform
driver defaults to two lanes.

Previously, the core used PA_CONNECTEDRXDATALANES and
PA_CONNECTEDTXDATALANES to configure the link without checking them
against lanes-per-direction, so the missing property did not prevent
initialization.

Explicitly set lanes-per-direction to 1, now that the validation is in
place.

Fixes: 5235d55177 ("arm64: dts: renesas: r8a779f0: Add UFS node")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 7.2+
Signed-off-by: Koichiro Den <den@valinux.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260911073058.253000-1-den@valinux.co.jp
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
2026-09-14 10:07:09 +02:00
Linus Torvalds
704340f1cd * Fix user-space data loss with MADV_FREE and THP
* Fix set_memory oopses
  * Fix addition of large constants in mul_u64_add_u64_div_u64()
  * Fix FineIBT hash offset in cfi_get_func_hash()
  * Fix PCI device reference counting in amd_smn_init()
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Merge tag 'x86_urgent_for_7.3-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull x86 fixes from Dave Hansen:
 "The most notable fix is THP not silently losing user data and having
  been around for a couple of years. The main explanation I'd have for
  its longevity is that it requires a few different things to align at
  the same time: MADV_FREE, THP and heavy reclaim.

   - Fix user-space data loss with THP

   - Fix set_memory oopses

   - Fix addition of large constants in mul_u64_add_u64_div_u64()

   - Fix FineIBT hash offset in cfi_get_func_hash()

   - Fix PCI device reference counting in amd_smn_init()"

* tag 'x86_urgent_for_7.3-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/amd_node: Fix PCI device reference counting in amd_smn_init()
  x86/div64: Fix addition of large constants in mul_u64_add_u64_div_u64()
  x86/cfi: Fix FineIBT hash offset in cfi_get_func_hash()
  x86/mm: Fix user-space data loss with MADV_FREE and THP
  x86/mm/pat: Allocate split page tables as kernel page tables
  x86/alternatives: Exclude text poking against change_page_attr()
  x86/mm/pat: Acquire init_mm read lock on attribute changes to avoid UAF
  x86/mm/pat: Acquire init_mm write lock on collapse to avoid UAF
2026-09-13 17:50:28 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
85855f85de Miscellaneous perf events fixes:
- Fix sched_cb_list corruption on PMU callbacks that
    invoke list_del() during perf_event_overflow()
    calls (Thomas Richter)
 
  - Fix PEBS pt_regs->flags snapshot data that was
    regressed with the introduction of adaptive
    PEBS v4 support (Dapeng Mi)
 
  - Fix possible drain_pebs() re-entry bug
    when intel_pmu_drain_pebs_buffer() is called from
    process context (Dapeng Mi)
 
 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'perf-urgent-2026-09-13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull perf events fixes from Ingo Molnar

 - Fix sched_cb_list corruption on PMU callbacks that
   invoke list_del() during perf_event_overflow()
   calls (Thomas Richter)

 - Fix PEBS pt_regs->flags snapshot data that
   regressed with the introduction of adaptive
   PEBS v4 support (Dapeng Mi)

 - Fix possible drain_pebs() re-entry bug when
   intel_pmu_drain_pebs_buffer() is called from
   process context (Dapeng Mi)

* tag 'perf-urgent-2026-09-13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  perf/x86/intel: Prevent drain_pebs() reentry
  perf/x86/intel: Correct pt_regs->flags update for PEBS path
  perf/core: Allow list_del during perf_event_overflow()
2026-09-13 08:44:54 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
f10ae89f3d - Fix ARM gic-v5 irqchip driver regression, where its
enable/disable functions may corrupt unrelated
    ICC_CR0_EL1 hardware state (Sascha Bischoff)
 
 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'irq-urgent-2026-09-13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull irq fix from Ingo Molnar:

 - Fix ARM gic-v5 irqchip driver regression, where its
   enable/disable functions may corrupt unrelated
   ICC_CR0_EL1 hardware state (Sascha Bischoff)

* tag 'irq-urgent-2026-09-13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  irqchip/gic-v5: Preserve ICC_CR0_EL1 state
2026-09-13 08:28:08 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
2f0c1cf72f s390 updates for 7.3-rc3
- Fix NULL pointer dereferences in s390dbf when setting debug levels or
   resizing debug areas while logging events. Remove duplicate messages
   about kernel parameter overrides
 
 - Fix PAI perf crashes when per task events move to newly onlined CPUs.
   Add CPU hotplug callbacks to allocate and free the per-CPU data
 
 - Fix mutex use in atomic context in AES and PAES CTR code by using
   semaphore trylocks instead. Remove conditional locking and enable
   Clang CONTEXT_ANALYSIS for the crypto code
 
 - Fix scatterlist walk error handling in AES and PAES and avoid freeing
   PAES walk resources twice
 
 - Fix missing scrubbing of temporary AES and PAES buffers, including AES
   GCM error paths
 
 - Set missing CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC and CRYPTO_ALG_NO_FALLBACK flags for PAES
 
 - Fix -EBUSY handling in PAES and PHMAC to avoid cleaning up requests
   already queued to the crypto engine
 
 - Fix PAES and PHMAC requests being completed twice on errors
 
 - Fix PAES and PHMAC hangs when key conversion keeps returning -EBUSY
   by returning -EIO after the last retry
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Merge tag 's390-7.3-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux

Pull s390 fixes from Vasily Gorbik:

 - Fix NULL pointer dereferences in s390dbf when setting debug levels or
   resizing debug areas while logging events. Remove duplicate messages
   about kernel parameter overrides

 - Fix PAI perf crashes when per task events move to newly onlined CPUs.
   Add CPU hotplug callbacks to allocate and free the per-CPU data

 - Fix mutex use in atomic context in AES and PAES CTR code by using
   semaphore trylocks instead. Remove conditional locking and enable
   Clang CONTEXT_ANALYSIS for the crypto code

 - Fix scatterlist walk error handling in AES and PAES and avoid freeing
   PAES walk resources twice

 - Fix missing scrubbing of temporary AES and PAES buffers, including
   AES GCM error paths

 - Set missing CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC and CRYPTO_ALG_NO_FALLBACK flags for
   PAES

 - Fix -EBUSY handling in PAES and PHMAC to avoid cleaning up requests
   already queued to the crypto engine

 - Fix PAES and PHMAC requests being completed twice on errors

 - Fix PAES and PHMAC hangs when key conversion keeps returning -EBUSY
   by returning -EIO after the last retry

* tag 's390-7.3-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux:
  s390/crypto: Enable CONTEXT_ANALYSIS
  s390/crypto: Map EBUSY to EIO when key conversion fails repeatedly
  s390/crypto: Fix wrong return code to engine in asynch callbacks
  s390/crypto: Fix handling of EBUSY in PHMAC when req is pushed to crypto engine
  s390/crypto: Fix handling of EBUSY in PAES when req is pushed to crypto engine
  s390/crypto: Fix missing cra_flags in paes_s390
  s390/crypto: Fix use of mutex in atomic context in PAES
  s390/crypto: Fix missing scrub of temp buffers with PAES algorithm
  s390/crypto: Fix return code handling at skcipher_walk_done in PAES algorithms
  s390/crypto: Fix use of mutex in atomic context
  s390/crypto: Fix missing scrub of temp buffers with AES ctr and gcm algorithm
  s390/crypto: Fix skcipher_walk return code handling in aes_s390
  s390/debug: Fix race between debug area resize and event logging
  s390/debug: Do not repeat parameter override notice on debug_set_level()
  s390/debug: Fix NULL pointer dereference in debug_set_level()
  s390/pai: Support CPU hotplug for PMU PAI
  s390/pai: Move locking to event init and delete
  s390/pai: Use PAI PMU index as parameter replacing event
2026-09-12 16:22:25 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
52311be52f powerpc fixes for 7.3 #3
- powerpc/entry: Fix double accounting of user time on interrupt entry
 
  - Fix leak in htmdump_init_debugfs
 
  - KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Set irqfd->producer only on success
 
  - powerpc/kexec_file: print configured kernel command line
 
  - Remove redundant early_init_dt_scan_root() call
 
  - misc fixes and cleanup
 
 Thanks to: Aboorva Devarajan, Amit Machhiwal, Athira Rajeev, Christophe Leroy,
 Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP), Kunwu Chan, leixiang, longlong yan, Michail Tatas,
 Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya (IBM), Ritesh Harjani (IBM), Shivang Upadhyay, Sourabh
 Jain, Thibault Ferrante, Vaibhav Jain, Venkat Rao Bagalkote
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Merge tag 'powerpc-7.3-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux

Pull powerpc fixes from Madhavan Srinivasan:

 - powerpc/entry: Fix double accounting of user time on interrupt entry

 - Fix leak in htmdump_init_debugfs

 - KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Set irqfd->producer only on success

 - powerpc/kexec_file: print configured kernel command line

 - Remove redundant early_init_dt_scan_root() call

 - misc fixes and cleanup

Thanks to Aboorva Devarajan, Amit Machhiwal, Athira Rajeev, Christophe
Leroy, Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP), Kunwu Chan, leixiang, longlong yan,
Michail Tatas, Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya (IBM), Ritesh Harjani (IBM),
Shivang Upadhyay, Sourabh Jain, Thibault Ferrante, Vaibhav Jain, and
Venkat Rao Bagalkote

* tag 'powerpc-7.3-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux:
  powerpc/pasemi: Add a null pointer check to the pas_setup_mce_regs
  powerpc/prom: Remove redundant early_init_dt_scan_root() call
  selftests/powerpc: use MAP_FAILED instead of (void *)-1 in tm-signal-context-force-tm
  powerpc/kexec_file: print configured kernel command line
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Set irqfd->producer only on success
  powerpc/pseries/htmdump: Fix leak in htmdump_init_debugfs
  selftests/powerpc/tm: Fix tcheck() reading uninitialised CR value
  selftests/powerpc/pmu/ebb: fix lost_exception_test hang with sched yield change
  powerpc/entry: Fix double accounting of user time on interrupt entry
2026-09-12 07:45:01 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
827751b699 RISC-V updates for v7.3-rc3
- Revert a bad fix, likely LLM-generated, in the pointer masking code
   that confused the RISC-V hardware pointer masking implementation
   with the Linux kernel tagged address feature
 
 - Fix unexpected faults caused by kprobe instruction slot writes when
   !CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX
 
 - Fix unexpected faults on minimal configurations during runtime code
   patching on !CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX systems
 
 - Fix a misplaced variable clear causing incorrect reuse of previous
   values in the RISC-V hardware feature probing code
 
 - Fix two bugs in the PMU SBI perf code on rv32: use BIT_ULL rather
   than BIT on 64-bit masks; and use a bitmap rather than an unsigned
   long on a quantity that can exceed 32 bits
 
 And a few miscellaneous cleanups:
 
 - Avoid a potential dereference-before-NULL-pointer-check bug in the
   PMU SBI perf driver
 
 - Simplify the rv32 bug table code by using
   CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG_RELATIVE_POINTERS (following x86 and PPC)
 
 - Report the RISC-V standard ISA extensions Z[v]fhmin when support is
   claimed for the superset RISC-V standard ISA extensions Z[v]fh; and
   simplify our FPU test code to only check for the presence of the D
   extension
 
 - Use an existing kernel string helper in place of some open-coded
   code in kernel/usercfi.c
 
 - Fix some yamllint issues in the RISC-V DT bindings for CPUs
 
 - Convert one use of __ASSEMBLY__ to __ASSEMBLER__ that snuck into the
   RISC-V CFI selftest code
 
 - Update the translation for the simplified Chinese translation of the
   RISC-V kernel patch acceptance policy
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Merge tag 'riscv-for-linus-7.3-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux

Pull RISC-V fixes from Paul Walmsley:
 "From a RISC-V point of view, there's one notable fix here, reverting
  an earlier bogus fix to the pointer masking code. Fortunately the
  practical impact appears to be small.

   - Revert a bad fix, likely LLM-generated, in the pointer masking code
     that confused the RISC-V hardware pointer masking implementation
     with the Linux kernel tagged address feature

   - Fix unexpected faults caused by kprobe instruction slot writes when
     !CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX

   - Fix unexpected faults on minimal configurations during runtime code
     patching on !CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX systems

   - Fix a misplaced variable clear causing incorrect reuse of previous
     values in the RISC-V hardware feature probing code

   - Fix two bugs in the PMU SBI perf code on rv32: use BIT_ULL rather
     than BIT on 64-bit masks; and use a bitmap rather than an unsigned
     long on a quantity that can exceed 32 bits

  And a few miscellaneous cleanups:

   - Avoid a potential dereference-before-NULL-pointer-check bug in the
     PMU SBI perf driver

   - Use CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG_RELATIVE_POINTERS to simplify the rv32 bug
     table code (like x86 and PPC)

   - Report the RISC-V standard ISA extensions Z[v]fhmin when support is
     claimed for the superset RISC-V standard ISA extensions Z[v]fh; and
     simplify our FPU test code to only check for the presence of the D
     extension

   - Use an existing kernel string helper in place of some open-coded
     code in kernel/usercfi.c

   - Fix some yamllint issues in the RISC-V DT bindings for CPUs

   - Convert one use of __ASSEMBLY__ to __ASSEMBLER__ that snuck into
     the RISC-V CFI selftest code

   - Update the translation for the simplified Chinese translation of
     the RISC-V kernel patch acceptance policy"

* tag 'riscv-for-linus-7.3-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux:
  riscv: skip software algning code for HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
  kselftest/riscv: Replace __ASSEMBLY__ with __ASSEMBLER__
  docs/zh_CN: Update arch/riscv/patch-acceptance.rst translation
  dt-bindings: riscv: cpus: Fix yamllint style issues
  riscv: hwprobe: simplify has_fpu() to check D extension only
  perf: RISC-V: check cpu_hw_evt before dereference in overflow IRQ
  riscv: report Zfhmin/Zvfhmin when Zfh/Zvfh are present
  perf: RISC-V: store available counter mask as bitmap
  perf: RISC-V: use BIT_ULL for u64 overflow masks
  riscv: bug: Make RV32 use GENERIC_BUG_RELATIVE_POINTERS
  riscv: hwprobe: initialize pair->value in hwprobe_one_pair()
  riscv: use string helper in setup_global_riscv_enable()
  Revert "riscv: Reset pmm when PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE is not set"
  riscv: patch: skip fixmap mapping when kernel text is already writable
  riscv: mm: make EXECMEM_KPROBES writable without CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX
2026-09-11 13:15:13 -07:00
Catalin Marinas
fdb9ebc7fb arm64: mte: Fix PTRACE_{PEEK,POKE}MTETAGS error documentation
PTRACE_{PEEK,POKE}MTETAGS return -EIO rather than -EOPNOTSUPP (as
documented) when no tags are copied from/to a mapping without PROT_MTE.
This has been the behaviour since the interface was introduced, though
the original intent was to distinguish between address not being
accessible and mapped as untagged.

Update the documentation to match the implementation (de-facto ABI).
Since -EOPNOTSUPP was never returned, change the error assignment to
-EIO as well to avoid confusion.

Fixes: df9d7a22dd ("arm64: mte: Add Memory Tagging Extension documentation")
Fixes: 18ddbaa02b ("arm64: mte: ptrace: Add PTRACE_{PEEK,POKE}MTETAGS support")
Reported-by: Yury Khrustalev <yury.khrustalev@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2026-09-11 12:50:02 +00:00
Mark Rutland
8cf2093f53 arm64: percpu: Fix LSE operations on {8,16}-bit types
The assembly for __percpu_##name##_case_##sz() and
__percpu_##name##_return_case_##sz() doesn't use the 'sfx' macro
argument to form the LSE instruction. Without 'sfx', a W register
argument will imply a 32-bit memory location, and consequently
{8,16}-bit ops will erroneously read and write 32 bits of memory when
the LSE instruction is used.

Fix this by appending 'sfx' to 'op_lse' to LSE instruction. It is not
necessary (and not valid) to append 'sfx' to 'op_llsc', as 'op_llsc' is
a register-register operation which does not access memory (and does not
take a size suffix).

Fixes: 959bf2fd03 ("arm64: percpu: Rewrite per-cpu ops to allow use of LSE atomics")
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie@huawei.com>
Cc: Ada Couprie Diaz <ada.coupriediaz@arm.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Vladimir Murzin <vladimir.murzin@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang@os.amperecomputing.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Murzin <vladimir.murzin@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2026-09-11 12:32:22 +00:00
Mark Rutland
44274c6572 arm64: percpu: Fix this_cpu_and() mask generation
The arm64 implementation of this_cpu_and(pcp, val) is built in terms of
ANDNOT operations, which requires the 'val' argument to be bitwise
negated. The bitwise negation is not implemented correctly, with two
bugs described below.

(1) The bitwise negation is performed as '~val' rather than '~(val)'.
    This won't always generate the expected value when 'val' is an
    expression.

    For example, for this_cpu_and(pcp, 1 - 1):

    * 'val'    is  '1 - 1'   ===> (int) 0x00000000
    * '~val'   is '~1 - 1'   ===> (int) 0xfffffffd
    * '~(val)' is '~(1 - 1)' ===> (int) 0xffffffff

    ... and thus bit[1] of 'pcp' would be preserved unexpectedly by the
    ANDNOT operation.

(2) The bitwise negation is performed on 'val' before it has been cast
    to (at least) the width of 'pcp'. This won't always generate the
    expected value for the upper bits.

    For example, for this_cpu_and(pcp, zero), where 'pcp' is a u64 and
    'zero' is a u32:

    * 'zero'           ===> (u32) 0x00000000
    * '~(zero)'        ===> (u32) 0xffffffff
    * '(u64)~(zero)'   ===> (u64) 0x00000000ffffffff
    * '~((u64)(zero))' ===> (u64) 0xffffffffffffffff

    ... and thus bits[63:32] of 'pcp' would be preserved unexpectedly by
    the ANDNOT operation.

Fix these issues by adding brackets around 'val', and by casting 'val'
to an appropriately-sized type before bitwise negation.

Fixes: 959bf2fd03 ("arm64: percpu: Rewrite per-cpu ops to allow use of LSE atomics")
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@arm.com>
Acked-by: Christopher Lameter (Ampere) <cl@gentwo.org>
Cc: Ada Couprie Diaz <ada.coupriediaz@arm.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Vladimir Murzin <vladimir.murzin@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang@os.amperecomputing.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2026-09-11 12:32:22 +00:00
Mark Rutland
885bff055a arm64: percpu: Fix this_cpu_write() casting
The arm64 implementation of this_cpu_write() casts 'val' to unsigned
long. This is necessary to handle cases where 'val' is a pointer type,
and to avoid spurious compiler warnings for the (unreachable!) cases
where the pointer type would be cast to a smaller integer type.

Unfortunately, the cast is applied to 'val' rather than '(val)', which
won't always generate the expected value when 'val' is an expression.

For example, for this_cpu_write(pcp, zero - 1), where 'pcp' is a u64 and
'zero' is a u32:

* 'zero'                      ===> (u32) 0x00000000
* 'zero - 1'                  ===> (u32) 0xffffffff
* '(unsigned long)zero - 1'   ===> (u64) 0xffffffffffffffff
* '(unsigned long)(zero - 1)' ===> (u64) 0x00000000ffffffff

Fix this by adding brackets around 'val'.

Fixes: 959bf2fd03 ("arm64: percpu: Rewrite per-cpu ops to allow use of LSE atomics")
Reported-by: David Laight <david.laight.linux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Laight <david.laight.linux@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jinjie Ruan <ruanjinjie@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@arm.com>
Acked-by: Christopher Lameter (Ampere) <cl@gentwo.org>
Cc: Ada Couprie Diaz <ada.coupriediaz@arm.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Vladimir Murzin <vladimir.murzin@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: Yang Shi <yang@os.amperecomputing.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2026-09-11 12:32:22 +00:00
Breno Leitao
e4a6f57d22 arm64: hibernate: clone only the linear map that exists at runtime
This is similar to commit 1537e55728 ("arm64: trans_pgd: clone only
the linear map that exists at runtime"), but in a different place.

swsusp_arch_resume() clones the kernel linear map with
trans_pgd_create_copy(..., PAGE_OFFSET, PAGE_END). PAGE_OFFSET comes
from the compile-time VA_BITS, so a CONFIG_ARM64_VA_BITS_52 kernel
booting on hardware without LPA2 -- vabits_actual is 48 and the fifth
level is folded -- hands the walk a 3.9PB window while its linear map
only spans the top 128TB.

On a VA_BITS_52 4k kernel with CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC in a 4GB VM, I see:

  swapper/0: page allocation failure: order:0, mode:0x920(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_ZERO)
   hibernate_page_alloc+0x10/0x1c
   swsusp_arch_resume+0x70/0x320
   hibernation_restore+0xa4/0x138
   software_resume+0x15c/0x270
  PM: hibernation: Failed to load image, recovering.
  PM: hibernation: resume failed (-12)

Fix it by copying the linear map that is the actual one, not the
compiled one.

Fixes: a6bbf5d4d9 ("arm64: mm: Add definitions to support 5 levels of paging")
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2026-09-11 12:14:43 +00:00
Aneesh Kumar K.V (Arm)
55a8e14518 x86/mm: Don't force unencrypted DMA for IOMMU-backed devices
Commit 8277a12d0d ("dma-pool: track decrypted atomic pools and select
them via attrs") exposed an issue with force_dma_unencrypted() on
systems using host memory encryption.

force_dma_unencrypted() checks whether the device DMA mask can address
the encryption bit and, if not, requires DMA allocations to use
unencrypted memory. However, this check is not applicable when the
device is using the IOMMU. In that case, the device DMA mask constrains
the IOVA seen by the device, not the backing physical address, so it
does not need to cover the C-bit.

This currently causes dma_alloc_attrs() to set
__DMA_ATTR_ALLOC_CC_SHARED for such devices. iommu_dma_alloc() does not
support that attribute and rejects the allocation, causing DMA
allocations to fail.

Do not force DMA allocations to be unencrypted when the device is using
the IOMMU. This allows the IOMMU to map the encrypted physical pages as
before and avoids incorrectly requesting CC_SHARED allocations.

Fixes: 8277a12d0d ("dma-pool: track decrypted atomic pools and select them via attrs")
Reported-by: Timo Witte <timo.witte@gmail.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CANB4YXS=Nf-co3t8eMHtqrW4sn=1BDcP6o=EoTrgZm0WYMYTyw@mail.gmail.com/
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V (Arm) <aneesh.kumar@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260908113232.247457-1-aneesh.kumar@kernel.org
[mszyprow: adjusted url and changed 'link' tag to the 'closes' one]
Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
2026-09-11 10:30:50 +02:00
Yazen Ghannam
27600805e6 x86/amd_node: Fix PCI device reference counting in amd_smn_init()
The local "root" pointer is a temporary variable used during the device
search. Therefore, refcount related to the search iterators should be cleaned
up after the search is complete.

Use the __free() cleanup macro to ensure the refcount is decremented when the
temporary pointer goes out of scope.

Additionally, increment the refcount when caching a root pointer. This ensures
the in-use refcount is separate from the temporary search refcounting.

Finally, drop the redundant "root = NULL" before the second search loop. The
pci_get_class() iterator always decrements the refcount of its "from"
argument, so the first loop can only fall through with "root" already NULL.

Fixes: 0a4b61d9c2 ("x86/amd_node: Fix AMD root device caching")
Closes: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260806160159.230453-1-jason.andryuk%40amd.com
Reported-by: Sashiko <sashiko-bot@kernel.org>
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Yazen Ghannam <yazen.ghannam@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Mario Limonciello (AMD) <superm1@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260903154325.74343-1-yazen.ghannam@amd.com
2026-09-10 18:05:43 -07:00
David Laight
f65d38155a x86/div64: Fix addition of large constants in mul_u64_add_u64_div_u64()
Adding constants over 2^31 fails to compile because the ADD instruction only
supports 32bit signed immediates.

Replace the "irm" constraint with "erm" so that the compiler loads large
constants into a register.

Found by a patch to drivers/iio/frequency/ad9910.c

  [ bp: Massage commit message. ]

Fixes: 6480241f31 ("lib: add mul_u64_add_u64_div_u64() and mul_u64_u64_div_u64_roundup()")
Signed-off-by: David Laight <david.laight.linux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260803094702.3852-2-david.laight.linux@gmail.com
2026-09-10 10:40:22 -07:00
Soheil Hassas Yeganeh
5a5d26f2cf x86/cfi: Fix FineIBT hash offset in cfi_get_func_hash()
The switch of the FineIBT preamble from "subl $hash, %r10d" to the
shorter "subl $hash, %eax" moved the hash immediate from offset 7 to
offset 5 of the preamble. fineibt_preamble_hash was updated to match,
but the open-coded offset in cfi_get_func_hash() was missed and it
still reads the hash at offset 7.

cfi_get_func_hash() is used by the BPF JIT to give a struct_ops
trampoline the CFI hash of the stub function it stands in for. With
FineIBT the trampoline now gets the upper half of the real hash
followed by the first two bytes of the next instruction, so the first
indirect call from the kernel into a struct_ops program,
tcp_init_congestion_control() calling ->init() of a BPF congestion
control for example, fails the FineIBT check and the kernel dies with
a CFI failure.

Move the FineIBT preamble template and its offset defines above
cfi_get_func_hash() and use fineibt_preamble_hash there, so every
reader of the preamble shares one definition of its layout. The
CFI_FINEIBT arm is only built with CONFIG_FINEIBT, the only
configuration in which cfi_mode can take that value.
cfi_get_func_arity() does not need the same treatment: the __bhi_args
call whose displacement it reads still ends at the function address.

Fixes: 85a2d4a890 ("x86,ibt: Use UDB instead of 0xEA")
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh <soheil.kdev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.18+
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260831-b4-x86-cfi-fineibt-func-hash-v1-1-6ffc0af5c4ec@gmail.com
2026-09-10 11:01:31 +02:00
Dapeng Mi
a56c03a397 perf/x86/intel: Prevent drain_pebs() reentry
The PEBS buffer is shared by all events on a CPU, so drain_pebs() must
not be reentered. If so, one instance may observe stale buffer state and
potentially access out-of-bound memory.

Most invocations happen in NMI context, which naturally prevents reentry.
However, drain_pebs() is also reachable from process context via
intel_pmu_drain_pebs_buffer().

In those paths, the PMU is often already disabled, but not guaranteed.
For example, __intel_pmu_pebs_disable() only disables the target counter,
so other active counters can still raise a PMI and interrupt an in-flight
drain_pebs(). Here is an example,

__perf_addr_filters_adjust()
  perf_event_stop()
    __perf_event_stop()
      x86_pmu_stop() (event->pmu->stop)
        intel_pmu_disable_event()
          intel_pmu_pebs_disable()
            __intel_pmu_pebs_disable()
              intel_pmu_drain_large_pebs()
                intel_pmu_drain_pebs_buffer()

Introduce __intel_pmu_quiesce() and __intel_pmu_resume() helpers and
use them in intel_pmu_drain_large_pebs() to disable the full PMU
around the intel_pmu_drain_pebs_buffer() call, preventing reentry.

Also add a warning in intel_pmu_drain_pebs_buffer() when the full PMU is
not disabled.

Fixes: b752ea0c28 ("perf/x86/intel/ds: Flush PEBS DS when changing PEBS_DATA_CFG")
Signed-off-by: Dapeng Mi <dapeng1.mi@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260813064346.335458-1-dapeng1.mi@linux.intel.com
2026-09-10 10:22:50 +02:00
Dapeng Mi
88aa1223bf perf/x86/intel: Correct pt_regs->flags update for PEBS path
pt_regs->flags holds the saved CPU FLAGS register. In the PEBS path,
it was incorrectly set to PERF_EFLAGS_EXACT instead of being populated
from the PEBS flags snapshot.

Update pt_regs->flags from PEBS GPR flags if GPRs group is present.

Fixes: c22497f583 ("perf/x86/intel: Support adaptive PEBS v4")
Signed-off-by: Dapeng Mi <dapeng1.mi@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908075102.540715-1-dapeng1.mi@linux.intel.com
2026-09-10 10:22:50 +02:00
Kunwu Chan
9e5c53d75c powerpc/pasemi: Add a null pointer check to the pas_setup_mce_regs
kasprintf() returns a pointer to dynamically allocated memory
which can be NULL upon failure. Ensure the allocation was successful
by checking the pointer validity.

Signed-off-by: Kunwu Chan <chentao@kylinos.cn>
Reviewed-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Signed-off-by: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240117091706.153431-1-chentao@kylinos.cn
2026-09-10 13:19:25 +05:30
Sourabh Jain
15f3ce3aa2 powerpc/prom: Remove redundant early_init_dt_scan_root() call
Commit 554b662336 ("of/fdt: Scan the root node properties earlier")
moved the invocation of early_init_dt_scan_root() into
early_init_dt_verify().

early_init_devtree() already calls early_init_dt_verify(), so the root
node properties are parsed before reaching the explicit call in this
function.

Keeping the call here results in scanning the root node twice. Remove
the redundant call and rely on the invocation from
early_init_dt_verify().

This change keeps the behavior the same and removes an unnecessary
duplicate call.

Signed-off-by: Sourabh Jain <sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Shivang Upadhyay <shivangu@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260418091250.134111-1-sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com
2026-09-10 13:17:53 +05:30
Sourabh Jain
e58b9d9097 powerpc/kexec_file: print configured kernel command line
Kexec with the -d option prints extra logs about the kexec/kdump kernel
that help debug kexec and kdump. For example, it shows what kexec
segments are loaded, their locations, and sizes.

One key piece of information still missing is the kernel command line
configured for the kexec/kdump kernel.

With this patch included, the kernel will print the kernel command line
configured for the kexec/kdump kernel as shown below:

kexec --initrd=./initrd ./kernel -lspd --command-line="test1 test2"

Loaded elf core header at 0x22e30000, bufsz=0x2000 memsz=0x80000
kexec_elf: Command line: elfcorehdr=0x22e30000 test1 test2   <--- New
kexec_elf: Loaded initrd at 0x22eb0000

Signed-off-by: Sourabh Jain <sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya (IBM) <mkchauras@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya (IBM) <mkchauras@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250725124438.327593-1-sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com
2026-09-10 13:15:26 +05:30
leixiang
1144454ea2 KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Set irqfd->producer only on success
Set irqfd->producer only after kvmppc_set_passthru_irq() succeeds to
avoid leaving a dangling pointer on failure. The bypass manager does
not register a failed producer, so the pointer is never cleared.

Fixes: c57875f5f9 ("KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Enable IRQ bypass")
Suggested-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: leixiang <leixiang@kylinos.cn>
Reviewed-by: Amit Machhiwal <amachhiw@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vaibhav Jain <vaibhav@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260709055755.31297-1-leixiang@kylinos.cn
2026-09-10 13:14:07 +05:30
Michail Tatas
10557fe7fc powerpc/pseries/htmdump: Fix leak in htmdump_init_debugfs
If any allocation fails during init all previous allocations are
leaked and the debugfs directory is left.
Fix by freeing the allocations that have already happened and also
remove the directory that has been created.

Signed-off-by: Michail Tatas <michail.tatas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Athira Rajeev <atrajeev@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/anJDq-JckR6j-6EJ@michalis-linux
2026-09-10 13:13:19 +05:30
Aboorva Devarajan
11ae2e1dc5 powerpc/entry: Fix double accounting of user time on interrupt entry
Since the switch to generic entry, an interrupt from user mode
accounts user time twice: once in arch_interrupt_enter_prepare()
and again in arch_enter_from_user_mode(), which irqentry_enter()
invokes for the same interrupt:

	arch_interrupt_enter_prepare()
	  account_cpu_user_entry()		/* first */
	irqentry_enter()
	  arch_enter_from_user_mode()
	    account_cpu_user_entry()		/* second */

The second call charges the same interval again, because
account_cpu_user_entry() accumulates the time spent in user mode
since the last return to user space.

The two calls come from the GENERIC_ENTRY preparation series,
where each step was a no-op on its own. Commit 09a9d3a849
("powerpc: introduce arch_enter_from_user_mode") added the hook
with the user-time accounting in it, but nothing called it yet.
Commit 893082ac76 ("powerpc: Prepare for IRQ entry exit")
copied interrupt_enter_prepare() verbatim into entry-common.h as
arch_interrupt_enter_prepare(); that copy was equally unused, as
handlers still called interrupt_enter_prepare().

Commit bee25f97ad ("powerpc: Enable GENERIC_ENTRY feature")
made both live. On the syscall side it did the full conversion:
system_call_exception() now accounts once through the hook via
syscall_enter_from_user_mode(), rather than calling
account_cpu_user_entry() directly. On the interrupt side it
switched the handler macros to arch_interrupt_enter_prepare()
followed by irqentry_enter(), which also runs the hook, but the
accounting in arch_interrupt_enter_prepare() was not removed to
match. The double accounting starts with that commit.

With CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_NATIVE=y this roughly doubles the
reported user time of any workload that takes interrupts. The
other accounting modes compile account_cpu_user_entry() to an
empty stub, so they are not affected.

Remove the accounting from arch_interrupt_enter_prepare() and rely
on arch_enter_from_user_mode(), which already runs for both
syscalls and interrupts. The duplicate account_stolen_time() call
is removed the same way.

On a pseries LPAR a busy loop reports 6s user time in 3s elapsed
(~210% CPU) before the fix, and 3s (~105% CPU) after it:

  $ python3 -c 'while True: pass' &
  $ sleep 3; ps -p $! -o etime,time,pcpu

            ELAPSED     TIME  %CPU
  Before      00:03 00:00:06   210
  After       00:03 00:00:03   105

A 50% load reports ~70% usr / 30% idle before the fix, and
~49% usr / 51% idle after it:

  $ taskset -c 6 stress-ng --cpu 1 --cpu-load 50 &
  $ mpstat -P 6 1

            CPU    %usr   %idle
  Before      6   69.74   30.26
  After       6   48.51   50.50

Fixes: bee25f97ad ("powerpc: Enable GENERIC_ENTRY feature")
Reviewed-by: Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya (IBM) <mkchauras@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Aboorva Devarajan <aboorvad@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Venkat Rao Bagalkote <venkat88@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Machhiwal <amachhiw@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP) <chleroy@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260904025831.3439809-1-aboorvad@linux.ibm.com
2026-09-10 08:58:10 +05:30
Bradley Morgan
955d86e5f3 arm64: hibernate: pass HVC_SET_VECTORS args to the resume hvc
swsusp_arch_suspend_exit() reinstalls the restored kernel's hyp stub
vectors with an hvc, but never passes the arguments. x0 is not set to
HVC_SET_VECTORS and x1 is not set to the vector address, so the stub
dispatch falls through and returns without writing vbar_el2. EL2 is
left pointing at the trans_pgd copy of the vectors, a page that
swsusp_free() releases right after resume.

Set the arguments up the same way __hyp_set_vectors() does.

Without this fix, Vladimir was able to trigger a hang when resuming from
hibernation with CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING=y and page_poison=on.

Fixes: 788bfdd974 ("arm64: trans_pgd: hibernate: Add trans_pgd_copy_el2_vectors")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Bradley Morgan <include@grrlz.net>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Murzin <vladimir.murzin@arm.com>
Tested-by: Vladimir Murzin <vladimir.murzin@arm.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2026-09-09 12:51:20 +00:00
Vernon Yang
f7491d7c81 x86/mm: Fix user-space data loss with MADV_FREE and THP
Some of users of Polars (a data analytics library) have lost production
data from this bug. They seem to have just the right combination of
huge pages, MADV_FREE and heavy reclaim pressure.

pmd_modify() masks the old value with (_HPAGE_CHG_MASK & ~_PAGE_DIRTY),
silently discarding the hardware dirty bit.  The subsequent
pmd_mksaveddirty() call is supposed to transfer _PAGE_DIRTY into
_PAGE_SAVED_DIRTY when write-protecting, but the dirty bit was already
stripped from the value, so there is nothing left to transfer.

Contrast with pte_modify(), which keeps _PAGE_DIRTY_BITS in its mask,
and pud_modify(), which keeps _HPAGE_CHG_MASK untouched: pmd_modify()
is the odd one out.  Any pmd_modify() on a writable, dirty PMD loses
the dirty state.

One visible consequence is data loss with MADV_FREE on PMD-mapped THP:

    memset(buf, 0x5A, size);          // PMD-mapped THP, PMD dirty
    madvise(buf, size, MADV_FREE);    // PMD cleaned but left writable,
                                      // folio marked lazyfree
    memset(buf, 0x5A, size);          // hardware sets _PAGE_DIRTY again
    mprotect(buf, size, PROT_READ);   // pmd_modify() drops the dirty bit
    mprotect(buf, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE);
    // ... memory pressure ...

Reclaim (e.g. under memcg pressure) then finds the lazyfree folio with
no dirty bit set anywhere and frees it in
__discard_anon_folio_pmd_locked(), even though the data was rewritten
after MADV_FREE; subsequent reads fault in fresh zero pages.  NUMA
hinting alone can trigger the same loss, as do_huge_pmd_numa_page()
restores the PMD through pmd_modify() as well.

PMD-mapped file THPs are affected too: mprotect()/NUMA hinting dropping
the dirty bit means rewritten data is never written back.

Fix it by keeping _PAGE_DIRTY in the preserved mask, exactly like
pte_modify() and pud_modify() do.  The existing
pmd_mksaveddirty()/pmd_clear_saveddirty() pair then performs the
hardware-dirty <-> saved-dirty transition based on the write bit,
preserving the shadow-stack encoding rules.

Fixes: bb3aadf7d4 ("x86/mm: Start actually marking _PAGE_SAVED_DIRTY")
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAJxLxMUGu1-L+O_nAONOwOXnS=cNbNApCWqdthRjd76LThtSPg@mail.gmail.com/
Reported-by: Orson Peters <orsonpeters@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Vernon Yang <yanglincheng@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260903031608.1194238-1-vernon2gm@gmail.com
2026-09-09 08:39:12 +02:00
Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
9e4a3ec341 x86/mm/pat: Allocate split page tables as kernel page tables
A PTE is allocated directly without going through the standard page table
allocation routines (such as pte_alloc_one_kernel()) when the CPA code
splits a large page (__split_large_page()).

This means the page table constructor is never called nor is the page table
marked as a kernel page table.

The former results in the folio associated with the page table not being
marked as a page table (__pagetable_ctor() is never called thus neither is
__folio_set_pgtable()) nor are statistics updated to reflect
it (lruvec_stat_add_folio() is never called).

The latter issue of failing to mark the page table as a kernel page
table (ptdesc_set_kernel() is never called) is far more problematic.

Since commit:

  5ba2f0a155 ("mm: introduce deferred freeing for kernel page tables")

kernel page table freeing has been batched and since the
subsequent commit:

  e37d5a2d60 ("iommu/sva: invalidate stale IOTLB entries for kernel address space")

IOTLB cache entries for kernel page tables have been invalidated upon
being freed.

Since split page tables are freed without this invalidation, the IOTLB
can contain stale entries for them.

Resolve the issue by using the ordinary PTE allocation API at split time.

This results in these kernel page tables invoking a page table constructor,
and thus requires a page table destructor.

Destructors are not always present, like for early allocated direct map
page tables). Conditionally call pagetable_dtor_free() if the PG_table
folio flag for the ptdesc is set, otherwise we free the page table via
pagetable_free().

Regardless of which path is taken page tables marked as kernel page tables,
which now includes split page tables, take the correct route through
pagetable_free_kernel().

There is a user-visible side effect in that split page tables will appear
in nr_page_table_pages in /proc/vmstat (as do other kernel page tables
allocated after early boot), however this is a positive change.

This issue started being markedly problematic after commit:

  5ba2f0a155 ("mm: introduce deferred freeing for kernel page tables")

so choose this as the Fixes target.

[ dhansen: rephrase in imperative mood ]

Fixes: 5ba2f0a155 ("mm: introduce deferred freeing for kernel page tables")
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vishal Moola <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Atish Patra <atishp@meta.com>
Tested-by: Nikunj A Dadhania <nikunj@amd.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260813-cpa-fixes-v2-4-39b4ff90f91d@kernel.org
2026-09-09 08:39:11 +02:00
Pedro Falcato
1587d3394e x86/alternatives: Exclude text poking against change_page_attr()
From time to time, the following BUG can be observed
in the x86 alternatives patching code [0]:

  > kernel BUG at arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c:2576!
  > Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  > CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 355 Comm: (udev-worker) Not tainted 7.1.3-1-default #1 PREEMPT(full) openSUSE Tumbleweed  8c1795b03ec64f997e57a8ad38b1161e3b98da64
  > Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS unknown 02/02/2022
  > RIP: 0010:__text_poke+0x2aa/0x450
  > Call Trace:
  >  <TASK>
  >  smp_text_poke_batch_finish+0x2a7/0x320
  >  __static_call_transform+0xb7/0x220
  >  arch_static_call_transform+0x5b/0xb0
  >  __static_call_init+0xe9/0x270
  >  static_call_module_notify+0x11f/0x150
  >  notifier_call_chain+0x61/0xe0
  >  blocking_notifier_call_chain_robust+0x63/0xc0
  >  load_module+0x1c92/0x20c0
  >  init_module_from_file+0xd8/0x140
  >  idempotent_init_module+0x100/0x2f0
  >  __x64_sys_finit_module+0x71/0xe0
  >  do_syscall_64+0xe1/0x610
  >  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

which matches the following BUG_ON() in alternative.c:

	/*
	 * If something went wrong, crash and burn since recovery paths are not
	 * implemented.
	 */
	BUG_ON(!pages[0] || (cross_page_boundary && !pages[1]));

This can happen if vmalloc_to_page() fails, for any reason. Such can happen
if text poking races with CPA, which can possibly result in the collapsing
of page tables (or breaking of PMD hugepages). It is not a problem for most
users of vmalloc_to_page() (they solely own the vmalloc'd range) but, when
CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_EXECMEM_ROX=y, various modules own a single execmem vmalloc
range, and can call set_memory_*() in parallel on it. This can happen to
race against __text_poke and cause havoc in vmalloc_to_page().

Fix it by excluding against CPA using the init_mm mmap read lock.

[ dhansen: Fix up SoB ordering. The actual code flow here was:
	   Pedro=>Lorenzo=>Mike=>Me which is reflected in the SoB chain
	   now. I *believe* Mike simply picked up Lorenzo's update to
	   Pedro's post from the Link ]

Fixes: 64f6a4e10c ("x86: re-enable EXECMEM_ROX support")
Reported-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Steffen Dirkwinkel <lists@steffen.cc>
Signed-off-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Co-developed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Atish Patra <atishp@meta.com>
Tested-by: Nikunj A Dadhania <nikunj@amd.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1271202 [0]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/555ea1d43a12c30a8f1eaf10c899b3790d728f33.camel@dirkwinkel.cc/
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260813-cpa-fixes-v2-3-39b4ff90f91d@kernel.org
2026-09-09 08:39:10 +02:00
Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
d5d8b8662e x86/mm/pat: Acquire init_mm read lock on attribute changes to avoid UAF
A previous commit protected against races between ptdump and CPA collapse,
however one still exists between attribute changes and collapse as reported
by Denis V. Lunev (linked).

When an attribute change arises, a lockless page table walker obtains a PTE
entry, which is later written to via set_pte_atomic():

  ...
  -> change_page_attr_set_clr()
  -> __change_page_attr_set_clr()
  -> __change_page_attr()
	-> _lookup_address_cpa()
	-> lookup_address_in_pgd_attr()
	-> [ lockless page table walker ]
  -> set_pte_atomic()

There is nothing preventing a concurrent CPA collapse which can free the
PTE that was retrieved here, resulting in a use-after-free.

With the mmap write lock taken on init_mm over CPA collapse, resolve this
race by acquiring an mmap read lock on init_mm over
__change_page_attr_set_clr().

This locks across the whole operation over which the walk and the PTE
entry write occurs, solving the race.

It is safe to do this here, as no spinlocks are held upon entry to
__change_page_attr_set_clr().

However, the lock must not be held over an allocation, as allocation can
trigger reclaim and shrinkers may call into CPA recursively, making
deadlocks possible (init_mm -> ... -> fs_reclaim -> init_mm).

A page table is allocated when a huge page needs to be split:

  -> change_page_attr_set_clr()
  -> __change_page_attr_set_clr()
  -> __change_page_attr()
  -> split_large_page()
  [ pagetable_alloc() ]
  -> __split_large_page()

Avoid deadlocks by dropping the mmap lock across pagetable_alloc() in
split_large_page() and track whether this is needed by adding a new
'init_mm_read_locked' flag to struct cpa_data.

This is safe as __split_large_page() (called with locks re-established)
revalidates that the page table entry is the same as it was prior to the
locks being dropped and __change_page_attr() repeats the entire page table
walk whenever a split occurs, so concurrent split and collapse are
accounted for.

Concurrent ptdump is also safe as the lock is only dropped over page table
allocation during which time the page table has not yet been modified.

The CPA_COLLAPSE flag is only set by set_memory_rox(), which exclusively
operates upon vmalloc ranges, and on x86 only within the module mapping
space.

This is important, because some callers directly invoke
__change_page_attr_set_clr(), bypassing this lock. However, none of these
operate within the module mapping space.

  * cpa_process_alias() - a recursive helper called by
    __change_page_attr_set_clr().
  * __set_memory_enc_pgtable() - operates on the direct mapping and (via
    __vmbus_establish_gpadl()) the vmalloc mapping space.
  * __set_pages_[n]p() - called by set_direct_map_[invalid, default,
    valid]_noflush(), __kernel_map_pages() - operates on the direct map.
  * kernel_[un]map_pages_in_pgd() - operates on EFI ranges.

This work is based upon Denis V. Lunev's excellent analysis of the bug
with gratitude.

[ dhansen: move to imperative voice in changelog ]

Fixes: 41d88484c7 ("x86/mm/pat: restore large ROX pages after fragmentation")
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Atish Patra <atishp@meta.com>
Tested-by: Nikunj A Dadhania <nikunj@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260626163213.2284080-1-den@openvz.org/
Cc:stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260813-cpa-fixes-v2-2-39b4ff90f91d@kernel.org
2026-09-09 08:39:04 +02:00
Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
a1c7570ced x86/mm/pat: Acquire init_mm write lock on collapse to avoid UAF
x86 implements page attribute modification using its Change Page
Attributes (CPA) mechanism.

This tracks properties of ranges such as cache mode through x86 page
attributes, and as part of that logic manipulates kernel page tables.

Since commit:

  41d88484c7 ("x86/mm/pat: restore large ROX pages after fragmentation")

ranges of kernel page table entries can be collapsed into
huge page table entries as part of this logic.

As part of this collapse, it frees the page tables which the collapsed
entries previously pointed to, and it does so without any relevant locks
being held to preclude concurrent kernel page table walkers.

The only way this code can be reached is if CPA_COLLAPSE is specified, and
this is only set in set_memory_rox() via:

set_memory_rox()
-> change_page_attr_set_clr()
-> cpa_flush()
-> cpa_collapse_large_pages()

Notable users of this are execmem and BPF when manipulating executable
mappings.

However, this is problematic for ptdump as it walks ranges it does not own
and thus runs the risk of a use-after-free on page tables freed underneath
it.

In addition, concurrent CPA collapse operations are possible which can also
cause races.

Resolve the issue by acquiring the mmap write lock on init_mm across the
whole operation.

It is safe to acquire a sleeping lock as all the callers invoke
set_memory_rox() from process context and in any case,
change_page_attr_set_clr() calls vm_unmap_alias() which ultimately takes a
mutex, disallowing atomic context here.

Fixes: 41d88484c7 ("x86/mm/pat: restore large ROX pages after fragmentation")
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kiryl Shutsemau (Meta) <kas@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: David Carlier <devnexen@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Atish Patra <atishp@meta.com>
Tested-by: Nikunj A Dadhania <nikunj@amd.com>
Cc:stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260813-cpa-fixes-v2-1-39b4ff90f91d@kernel.org
2026-09-09 08:38:56 +02:00
Linus Torvalds
893e11787f * AMD device topology and machine check fixes
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Merge tag 'x86_urgent_for_7.3-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull x86 fixes from Dave Hansen:
 "These are fixes for some older AMD device topology and machine check
  issues. But, they are issues that are affecting real users and aren't
  just cleaning up AI drive-by reports.

  These is coming a wee bit later than the usual Sundays because of a
  late breaking issue with one of the patches which is now temporarily
  kicked out"

* tag 'x86_urgent_for_7.3-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/MCE/AMD: Fix inverted interrupt enablement during storm handling
  x86/amd_node: Fix potential NULL pointer dereference
  x86/amd_node: Avoid divide by zero on virtualized systems
2026-09-08 12:54:56 -07:00