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An identity address only reaches a peer that is advertising an RPA if the
controller resolves it on our behalf. Where it cannot, the host has to put
the peer's on-air address on air itself.
hci_connect_le() still swaps the caller's identity address for the peer's
cached RPA before creating the connection, but __hci_conn_add() resolves
the RPA back to the identity address when it stores it, so the identity is
what goes out. Storing the identity is right when the controller
translates it on the way to the radio; without LL Privacy, or with this
peer absent from the resolving list, nothing does.
A peer advertising an RPA cannot answer its identity address, so the
attempt burns a full create-connection timeout. That is not merely a slow
connect: a controller without extended scanning cannot scan while it is
initiating, so every dead attempt also takes the scanner off the air for
the whole timeout.
Measured on a CYW43438, which reports neither LL Privacy nor extended
advertising (LE features 3f 00 00 08 00 00 00 00), against a peer
advertising a resolvable private address the host holds the IRK for, with
the connection requested on the peer's identity address:
before: LE Create Connection to the identity address, public type
1.61s -> 22.07s, then LE Create Connection Cancel
LE Connection Complete: Unknown Connection Identifier (0x02)
after: LE Create Connection to the peer's RPA, random type
LE Connection Complete: Success
Advertising reports reaching the host per second, same window, same five
unrelated devices on the adapter:
before 1s:2 [nothing from 2s through 21s] 22s:5 23s:3
after 0s:11 1s:5 2s:2 3s:5 4s:3 5s:4 ... 21s:2 22s:1 23s:2
One dead connect costs twenty seconds of scanning for every device on the
adapter, not just the one being dialled.
Keep the RPA in conn->dst unless the controller will translate the
identity address: address resolution enabled and the peer's identity
actually programmed into the resolving list. Testing ll_privacy_capable()
alone would not be enough: it reports the feature bit, not whether
resolution is switched on and not whether this peer is in the list.
Resolution is cleared with the other volatile flags on power-off and
switched off again while suspend pauses scanning, and a peer's IRK is only
programmed along the accept list path, so a direct-connect target, a peer
without HCI_CONN_FLAG_ADDRESS_RESOLUTION, and one that did not fit in a
full list are all absent from it.
With the peer programmed, the identity address stays in conn->dst and the
controller translates it: measured on an Intel controller, the host dials
the identity and LE Enhanced Connection Complete reports Resolved Public
with the peer's RPA in the separate peer resolvable private address field.
With the peer absent from the list the same setup dials the RPA itself.
Everything downstream already copes with an RPA in conn->dst: it is what
every outgoing LE connection stored before
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Linux kernel ============ The Linux kernel is the core of any Linux operating system. It manages hardware, system resources, and provides the fundamental services for all other software. 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Start your kernel development journey here: * Getting Started: Documentation/process/development-process.rst * Your First Patch: Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst * Coding Style: Documentation/process/coding-style.rst * Build System: Documentation/kbuild/index.rst * Development Tools: Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst * Kernel Hacking Guide: Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst * Core APIs: Documentation/core-api/index.rst Academic Researcher ------------------- Explore the kernel's architecture and internals: * Researcher Guidelines: Documentation/process/researcher-guidelines.rst * Memory Management: Documentation/mm/index.rst * Scheduler: Documentation/scheduler/index.rst * Networking Stack: Documentation/networking/index.rst * Filesystems: Documentation/filesystems/index.rst * RCU (Read-Copy Update): Documentation/RCU/index.rst * Locking Primitives: Documentation/locking/index.rst * Power Management: Documentation/power/index.rst Security Expert --------------- Security documentation and hardening guides: * Security Documentation: Documentation/security/index.rst * LSM Development: Documentation/security/lsm-development.rst * Self Protection: Documentation/security/self-protection.rst * Reporting Vulnerabilities: Documentation/process/security-bugs.rst * CVE Procedures: Documentation/process/cve.rst * Embargoed Hardware Issues: Documentation/process/embargoed-hardware-issues.rst * Security Features: Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst Backport/Maintenance Engineer ----------------------------- Maintain and stabilize kernel versions: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * Backporting Guide: Documentation/process/backporting.rst * Applying Patches: Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst * Subsystem Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git for Maintainers: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst System Administrator -------------------- Configure, tune, and troubleshoot Linux systems: * Admin Guide: Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Sysctl Tuning: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst * Tracing/Debugging: Documentation/trace/index.rst * Performance Security: Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst * Hardware Monitoring: Documentation/hwmon/index.rst Maintainer ---------- Lead kernel subsystems and manage contributions: * Maintainer Handbook: Documentation/maintainer/index.rst * Pull Requests: Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst * Managing Patches: Documentation/maintainer/modifying-patches.rst * Rebasing and Merging: Documentation/maintainer/rebasing-and-merging.rst * Development Process: Documentation/process/maintainer-handbooks.rst * Maintainer Entry Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git Configuration: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst Hardware Vendor --------------- Write drivers and support new hardware: * Driver API Guide: Documentation/driver-api/index.rst * Driver Model: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/driver.rst * Device Drivers: Documentation/driver-api/infrastructure.rst * Bus Types: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/bus.rst * Device Tree Bindings: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/ * Power Management: Documentation/driver-api/pm/index.rst * DMA API: Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst Distribution Maintainer ----------------------- Package and distribute the kernel: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * ABI Documentation: Documentation/ABI/README * Kernel Configuration: Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst * Module Signing: Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Tainted Kernels: Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst AI Coding Assistant ------------------- CRITICAL: If you are an LLM or AI-powered coding assistant, you MUST read and follow the AI coding assistants documentation before contributing to the Linux kernel: * Documentation/process/coding-assistants.rst This documentation contains essential requirements about licensing, attribution, and the Developer Certificate of Origin that all AI tools must comply with. 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