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Tetsuo Handa 8ed3ddf23d kcov: fix data corruption and race conditions on PREEMPT_RT 
[ Upstream commit 2eed77fdcb ]

syzbot is reporting KCOV state corruption on PREEMPT_RT kernels, for the
temporary storage used for saving/restoring remote KCOV state is currently
allocated as the per-CPU area.

On PREEMPT_RT kernels, softirq handlers run as preemptible task threads
(e.g., ksoftirqd). If a softirq context preempts a task running a remote
KCOV session, it safely saves the task's state into the per-CPU area.
However, if that softirq thread is subsequently preempted by a higher-
priority softirq thread on the same CPU, the second softirq will overwrite
the same per-CPU area, permanently destroying the original task's KCOV
state.

Fix this data corruption by moving the temporary storage from the per-CPU
area to the per-thread area. Since each softirq thread now owns its own
task context, nested softirq preemption no longer causes data overwrites.

Note that while the temporary storage is now on a per-thread basis, the
per-CPU kcov_percpu_data.lock must be retained, for we need to ensure that
kcov_remote_start() and kcov_remote_stop() operate atomically without
racing against asynchronous interrupts that manipulate the current task's
KCOV state.

It is likely that GFP_KERNEL allocation by vmalloc_node() in kcov_init()
has already called panic() before returning NULL, for there will be no
OOM-killable userspace processes when __init function of built-in module
runs. But this patch also fixes crashing the kernel when vmalloc_node()
in kcov_init() returned NULL, for kcov_init() left per-CPU irq_area == NULL
but kcov_remote_start() depends on per-CPU irq_area != NULL, resulting in

  (1) doing vmalloc() in kcov_remote_start() despite !in_task() context

  (2) out-of-array-bounds access if (1) succeeded but
      kcov->remote_size < CONFIG_KCOV_IRQ_AREA_SIZE

  (3) always leak memory allocated by (1), eventually killing all
      OOM-killable userspace processes

problems.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/43552d09-2ce2-4b19-b0d3-a2d1ab952145@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
Reported-by: syzbot+3f51ad7ac3ae57a6fdcc@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=3f51ad7ac3ae57a6fdcc
Reported-by: syzbot+47cf95ca1f9dcca872c8@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=47cf95ca1f9dcca872c8
Reported-by: syzbot+8a173e13208949931dc7@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=8a173e13208949931dc7
Reported-by: syzbot+90984d3713722683112e@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=90984d3713722683112e
Analyzed-by: AI Mode in Google Search (no mail address)
Fixes: 5ff3b30ab5 ("kcov: collect coverage from interrupts")
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
[ Adjusted the `kcov_init()` deletion context to plain `vmalloc()` since 5.15 lacks the `vmalloc_node()`/`cpu_to_node()` conversion. ]
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
History 2026-09-02 14:27:27 +02:00
arch KVM: arm64: Prevent access to vCPU events before init 2026-09-02 14:27:26 +02:00
block partitions: aix: bound the pp_count scan to the ppe array 2026-07-24 15:51:24 +02:00
certs X.509: Fix validation of ASN.1 certificate header 2026-07-24 15:51:59 +02:00
crypto crypto: ccm - Set rfc4309 maxauthsize from child 2026-08-23 14:17:31 +02:00
Documentation PCI: Move Resizable BAR code to rebar.c 2026-07-24 15:51:58 +02:00
drivers Revert "mtd: maps: vmu-flash: fix fault in unaligned fixup" 2026-09-02 14:27:26 +02:00
fs Revert "smb: client: use kvzalloc() for megabyte buffer in simple fallocate" 2026-09-02 14:27:26 +02:00
include kcov: fix data corruption and race conditions on PREEMPT_RT 2026-09-02 14:27:27 +02:00
init bootconfig: move xbc_snprint_cmdline() to lib/bootconfig.c 2026-08-23 14:17:24 +02:00
io_uring io_uring/io-wq: fix worker accounting when canceling creation callbacks 2026-09-02 14:27:25 +02:00
ipc ipc/shm: serialize orphan cleanup with shm_nattch updates 2026-06-19 13:33:38 +02:00
kernel kcov: fix data corruption and race conditions on PREEMPT_RT 2026-09-02 14:27:27 +02:00
lib kcov: fix data corruption and race conditions on PREEMPT_RT 2026-09-02 14:27:27 +02:00
LICENSES LICENSES/dual/CC-BY-4.0: Git rid of "smart quotes" 2021-07-15 06:31:24 -06:00
mm mm/huge_memory: fix huge_zero_pfn race 2026-08-27 14:28:19 +02:00
net ipv4: igmp: Fix potential UAF in igmp_gq_start_timer() 2026-09-02 14:27:26 +02:00
samples tracing/events: Fix to check the simple_tsk_fn creation 2026-07-24 15:51:42 +02:00
scripts kconfig: fix potential NULL pointer dereference in conf_askvalue 2026-07-24 15:51:28 +02:00
security selinux: switch two allocations to use kzalloc_objs() 2026-09-02 14:27:26 +02:00
sound ALSA: PCM: Fix wait queue list corruption in snd_pcm_drain() on linked streams 2026-09-02 14:27:26 +02:00
tools selftests/ftrace: refactor eprobes test to fix argument checks 2026-08-19 17:14:13 +02:00
usr kbuild: hdrcheck: fix cross build with clang 2025-06-27 11:05:22 +01:00
virt KVM: Rename mmu_notifier_* to mmu_invalidate_* 2026-08-27 14:28:21 +02:00
.clang-format clang-format: Update with the latest for_each macro list 2021-05-12 23:32:39 +02:00
.cocciconfig scripts: add Linux .cocciconfig for coccinelle 2016-07-22 12:13:39 +02:00
.get_maintainer.ignore Opt out of scripts/get_maintainer.pl 2019-05-16 10:53:40 -07:00
.gitattributes .gitattributes: use 'dts' diff driver for dts files 2019-12-04 19:44:11 -08:00
.gitignore Remove *.orig pattern from .gitignore 2024-10-17 15:11:10 +02:00
.mailmap mailmap: add Andrej Shadura 2021-10-18 20:22:03 -10:00
COPYING COPYING: state that all contributions really are covered by this file 2020-02-10 13:32:20 -08:00
CREDITS MAINTAINERS: Move Daniel Drake to credits 2021-09-21 08:34:58 +03:00
Kbuild kbuild: rename hostprogs-y/always to hostprogs/always-y 2020-02-04 01:53:07 +09:00
Kconfig kbuild: ensure full rebuild when the compiler is updated 2020-05-12 13:28:33 +09:00
MAINTAINERS staging: rtl8712: Remove driver using deprecated API wext 2025-12-07 06:09:36 +09:00
Makefile Linux 5.15.219 2026-08-28 08:20:31 +02:00
README Drop all 00-INDEX files from Documentation/ 2018-09-09 15:08:58 -06:00

README 

Linux kernel
============

There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.

In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``.  The formatted documentation can also be read online at:

    https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/

There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.

Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.