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Filipe Manana 9273175bf1 btrfs: fix transaction abort on file creation due to name hash collision 
commit 2d1ababded upstream.

If we attempt to create several files with names that result in the same
hash, we have to pack them in same dir item and that has a limit inherent
to the leaf size. However if we reach that limit, we trigger a transaction
abort and turns the filesystem into RO mode. This allows for a malicious
user to disrupt a system, without the need to have administration
privileges/capabilities.

Reproducer:

  $ cat exploit-hash-collisions.sh
  #!/bin/bash

  DEV=/dev/sdi
  MNT=/mnt/sdi

  # Use smallest node size to make the test faster and require fewer file
  # names that result in hash collision.
  mkfs.btrfs -f --nodesize 4K $DEV
  mount $DEV $MNT

  # List of names that result in the same crc32c hash for btrfs.
  declare -a names=(
   'foobar'
   '%a8tYkxfGMLWRGr55QSeQc4PBNH9PCLIvR6jZnkDtUUru1t@RouaUe_L:@xGkbO3nCwvLNYeK9vhE628gss:T$yZjZ5l-Nbd6CbC$M=hqE-ujhJICXyIxBvYrIU9-TDC'
   'AQci3EUB%shMsg-N%frgU:02ByLs=IPJU0OpgiWit5nexSyxZDncY6WB:=zKZuk5Zy0DD$Ua78%MelgBuMqaHGyKsJUFf9s=UW80PcJmKctb46KveLSiUtNmqrMiL9-Y0I_l5Fnam04CGIg=8@U:Z'
   'CvVqJpJzueKcuA$wqwePfyu7VxuWNN3ho$p0zi2H8QFYK$7YlEqOhhb%:hHgjhIjW5vnqWHKNP4'
   'ET:vk@rFU4tsvMB0$C_p=xQHaYZjvoF%-BTc%wkFW8yaDAPcCYoR%x$FH5O:'
   'HwTon%v7SGSP4FE08jBwwiu5aot2CFKXHTeEAa@38fUcNGOWvE@Mz6WBeDH_VooaZ6AgsXPkVGwy9l@@ZbNXabUU9csiWrrOp0MWUdfi$EZ3w9GkIqtz7I_eOsByOkBOO'
   'Ij%2VlFGXSuPvxJGf5UWy6O@1svxGha%b@=%wjkq:CIgE6u7eJOjmQY5qTtxE2Rjbis9@us'
   'KBkjG5%9R8K9sOG8UTnAYjxLNAvBmvV5vz3IiZaPmKuLYO03-6asI9lJ_j4@6Xo$KZicaLWJ3Pv8XEwVeUPMwbHYWwbx0pYvNlGMO9F:ZhHAwyctnGy%_eujl%WPd4U2BI7qooOSr85J-C2V$LfY'
   'NcRfDfuUQ2=zP8K3CCF5dFcpfiOm6mwenShsAb_F%n6GAGC7fT2JFFn:c35X-3aYwoq7jNX5$ZJ6hI3wnZs$7KgGi7wjulffhHNUxAT0fRRLF39vJ@NvaEMxsMO'
   'Oj42AQAEzRoTxa5OuSKIr=A_lwGMy132v4g3Pdq1GvUG9874YseIFQ6QU'
   'Ono7avN5GjC:_6dBJ_'
   'WHmN2gnmaN-9dVDy4aWo:yNGFzz8qsJyJhWEWcud7$QzN2D9R0efIWWEdu5kwWr73NZm4=@CoCDxrrZnRITr-kGtU_cfW2:%2_am'
   'WiFnuTEhAG9FEC6zopQmj-A-$LDQ0T3WULz%ox3UZAPybSV6v1Z$b4L_XBi4M4BMBtJZpz93r9xafpB77r:lbwvitWRyo$odnAUYlYMmU4RvgnNd--e=I5hiEjGLETTtaScWlQp8mYsBovZwM2k'
   'XKyH=OsOAF3p%uziGF_ZVr$ivrvhVgD@1u%5RtrV-gl_vqAwHkK@x7YwlxX3qT6WKKQ%PR56NrUBU2dOAOAdzr2=5nJuKPM-T-$ZpQfCL7phxQbUcb:BZOTPaFExc-qK-gDRCDW2'
   'd3uUR6OFEwZr%ns1XH_@tbxA@cCPmbBRLdyh7p6V45H$P2$F%w0RqrD3M0g8aGvWpoTFMiBdOTJXjD:JF7=h9a_43xBywYAP%r$SPZi%zDg%ql-KvkdUCtF9OLaQlxmd'
   'ePTpbnit%hyNm@WELlpKzNZYOzOTf8EQ$sEfkMy1VOfIUu3coyvIr13-Y7Sv5v-Ivax2Go_GQRFMU1b3362nktT9WOJf3SpT%z8sZmM3gvYQBDgmKI%%RM-G7hyrhgYflOw%z::ZRcv5O:lDCFm'
   'evqk743Y@dvZAiG5J05L_ROFV@$2%rVWJ2%3nxV72-W7$e$-SK3tuSHA2mBt$qloC5jwNx33GmQUjD%akhBPu=VJ5g$xhlZiaFtTrjeeM5x7dt4cHpX0cZkmfImndYzGmvwQG:$euFYmXn$_2rA9mKZ'
   'gkgUtnihWXsZQTEkrMAWIxir09k3t7jk_IK25t1:cy1XWN0GGqC%FrySdcmU7M8MuPO_ppkLw3=Dfr0UuBAL4%GFk2$Ma10V1jDRGJje%Xx9EV2ERaWKtjpwiZwh0gCSJsj5UL7CR8RtW5opCVFKGGy8Cky'
   'hNgsG_8lNRik3PvphqPm0yEH3P%%fYG:kQLY=6O-61Wa6nrV_WVGR6TLB09vHOv%g4VQRP8Gzx7VXUY1qvZyS'
   'isA7JVzN12xCxVPJZ_qoLm-pTBuhjjHMvV7o=F:EaClfYNyFGlsfw-Kf%uxdqW-kwk1sPl2vhbjyHU1A6$hz'
   'kiJ_fgcdZFDiOptjgH5PN9-PSyLO4fbk_:u5_2tz35lV_iXiJ6cx7pwjTtKy-XGaQ5IefmpJ4N_ZqGsqCsKuqOOBgf9LkUdffHet@Wu'
   'lvwtxyhE9:%Q3UxeHiViUyNzJsy:fm38pg_b6s25JvdhOAT=1s0$pG25x=LZ2rlHTszj=gN6M4zHZYr_qrB49i=pA--@WqWLIuX7o1S_SfS@2FSiUZN'
   'rC24cw3UBDZ=5qJBUMs9e$=S4Y94ni%Z8639vnrGp=0Hv4z3dNFL0fBLmQ40=EYIY:Z=SLc@QLMSt2zsss2ZXrP7j4='
   'uwGl2s-fFrf@GqS=DQqq2I0LJSsOmM%xzTjS:lzXguE3wChdMoHYtLRKPvfaPOZF2fER@j53evbKa7R%A7r4%YEkD=kicJe@SFiGtXHbKe4gCgPAYbnVn'
   'UG37U6KKua2bgc:IHzRs7BnB6FD:2Mt5Cc5NdlsW%$1tyvnfz7S27FvNkroXwAW:mBZLA1@qa9WnDbHCDmQmfPMC9z-Eq6QT0jhhPpqyymaD:R02ghwYo%yx7SAaaq-:x33LYpei$5g8DMl3C'
   'y2vjek0FE1PDJC0qpfnN:x8k2wCFZ9xiUF2ege=JnP98R%wxjKkdfEiLWvQzmnW'
   '8-HCSgH5B%K7P8_jaVtQhBXpBk:pE-$P7ts58U0J@iR9YZntMPl7j$s62yAJO@_9eanFPS54b=UTw$94C-t=HLxT8n6o9P=QnIxq-f1=Ne2dvhe6WbjEQtc'
   'YPPh:IFt2mtR6XWSmjHptXL_hbSYu8bMw-JP8@PNyaFkdNFsk$M=xfL6LDKCDM-mSyGA_2MBwZ8Dr4=R1D%7-mCaaKGxb990jzaagRktDTyp'
   '9hD2ApKa_t_7x-a@GCG28kY:7$M@5udI1myQ$x5udtggvagmCQcq9QXWRC5hoB0o-_zHQUqZI5rMcz_kbMgvN5jr63LeYA4Cj-c6F5Ugmx6DgVf@2Jqm%MafecpgooqreJ53P-QTS'
  )

  # Now create files with all those names in the same parent directory.
  # It should not fail since a 4K leaf has enough space for them.
  for name in "${names[@]}"; do
       touch $MNT/$name
  done

  # Now add one more file name that causes a crc32c hash collision.
  # This should fail, but it should not turn the filesystem into RO mode
  # (which could be exploited by malicious users) due to a transaction
  # abort.
  touch $MNT/'W6tIm-VK2@BGC@IBfcgg6j_p:pxp_QUqtWpGD5Ok_GmijKOJJt'

  # Check that we are able to create another file, with a name that does not cause
  # a crc32c hash collision.
  echo -n "hello world" > $MNT/baz

  # Unmount and mount again, verify file baz exists and with the right content.
  umount $MNT
  mount $DEV $MNT
  echo "File baz content: $(cat $MNT/baz)"

  umount $MNT

When running the reproducer:

  $ ./exploit-hash-collisions.sh
  (...)
  touch: cannot touch '/mnt/sdi/W6tIm-VK2@BGC@IBfcgg6j_p:pxp_QUqtWpGD5Ok_GmijKOJJt': Value too large for defined data type
  ./exploit-hash-collisions.sh: line 57: /mnt/sdi/baz: Read-only file system
  cat: /mnt/sdi/baz: No such file or directory
  File baz content:

And the transaction abort stack trace in dmesg/syslog:

  $ dmesg
  (...)
  [758240.509761] ------------[ cut here ]------------
  [758240.510668] BTRFS: Transaction aborted (error -75)
  [758240.511577] WARNING: fs/btrfs/inode.c:6854 at btrfs_create_new_inode+0x805/0xb50 [btrfs], CPU#6: touch/888644
  [758240.513513] Modules linked in: btrfs dm_zero (...)
  [758240.523221] CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 888644 Comm: touch Tainted: G        W           6.19.0-rc8-btrfs-next-225+ #1 PREEMPT(full)
  [758240.524621] Tainted: [W]=WARN
  [758240.525037] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.2-0-gea1b7a073390-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
  [758240.526331] RIP: 0010:btrfs_create_new_inode+0x80b/0xb50 [btrfs]
  [758240.527093] Code: 0f 82 cf (...)
  [758240.529211] RSP: 0018:ffffce64418fbb48 EFLAGS: 00010292
  [758240.529935] RAX: 00000000ffffffd3 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00000000ffffffb5
  [758240.531040] RDX: 0000000d04f33e06 RSI: 00000000ffffffb5 RDI: ffffffffc0919dd0
  [758240.531920] RBP: ffffce64418fbc10 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 00000000ffffffb5
  [758240.532928] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: ffff8e52c0000000 R12: ffff8e53eee7d0f0
  [758240.533818] R13: ffff8e57f70932a0 R14: ffff8e5417629568 R15: 0000000000000000
  [758240.534664] FS:  00007f1959a2a740(0000) GS:ffff8e5b27cae000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
  [758240.535821] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
  [758240.536644] CR2: 00007f1959b10ce0 CR3: 000000012a2cc005 CR4: 0000000000370ef0
  [758240.537517] Call Trace:
  [758240.537828]  <TASK>
  [758240.538099]  btrfs_create_common+0xbf/0x140 [btrfs]
  [758240.538760]  path_openat+0x111a/0x15b0
  [758240.539252]  do_filp_open+0xc2/0x170
  [758240.539699]  ? preempt_count_add+0x47/0xa0
  [758240.540200]  ? __virt_addr_valid+0xe4/0x1a0
  [758240.540800]  ? __check_object_size+0x1b3/0x230
  [758240.541661]  ? alloc_fd+0x118/0x180
  [758240.542315]  do_sys_openat2+0x70/0xd0
  [758240.543012]  __x64_sys_openat+0x50/0xa0
  [758240.543723]  do_syscall_64+0x50/0xf20
  [758240.544462]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
  [758240.545397] RIP: 0033:0x7f1959abc687
  [758240.546019] Code: 48 89 fa (...)
  [758240.548522] RSP: 002b:00007ffe16ff8690 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000101
  [758240.566278] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f1959a2a740 RCX: 00007f1959abc687
  [758240.567068] RDX: 0000000000000941 RSI: 00007ffe16ffa333 RDI: ffffffffffffff9c
  [758240.567860] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
  [758240.568707] R10: 00000000000001b6 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 0000561eec7c4b90
  [758240.569712] R13: 0000561eec7c311f R14: 00007ffe16ffa333 R15: 0000000000000000
  [758240.570758]  </TASK>
  [758240.571040] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
  [758240.571681] BTRFS: error (device sdi state A) in btrfs_create_new_inode:6854: errno=-75 unknown
  [758240.572899] BTRFS info (device sdi state EA): forced readonly

Fix this by checking for hash collision, and if the adding a new name is
possible, early in btrfs_create_new_inode() before we do any tree updates,
so that we don't need to abort the transaction if we cannot add the new
name due to the leaf size limit.

A test case for fstests will be sent soon.

Fixes: caae78e032 ("btrfs: move common inode creation code into btrfs_create_new_inode()")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.1+
Reviewed-by: Boris Burkov <boris@bur.io>
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
History 2026-03-19 16:08:45 +01:00
arch x86/apic: Disable x2apic on resume if the kernel expects so 2026-03-19 16:08:44 +01:00
block block: use trylock to avoid lockdep circular dependency in sysfs 2026-03-12 07:09:59 -04:00
certs sign-file,extract-cert: use pkcs11 provider for OPENSSL MAJOR >= 3 2024-09-20 19:52:48 +03:00
crypto crypto: authencesn - reject too-short AAD (assoclen<8) to match ESP/ESN spec 2026-01-30 10:32:12 +01:00
Documentation KVM: x86: Introduce KVM_X86_QUIRK_VMCS12_ALLOW_FREEZE_IN_SMM 2026-03-19 16:08:24 +01:00
drivers scsi: core: Fix error handling for scsi_alloc_sdev() 2026-03-19 16:08:44 +01:00
fs btrfs: fix transaction abort on file creation due to name hash collision 2026-03-19 16:08:45 +01:00
include qmi_wwan: allow max_mtu above hard_mtu to control rx_urb_size 2026-03-19 16:08:42 +01:00
init printk changes for 6.18 2025-10-04 11:13:11 -07:00
io_uring io_uring/kbuf: check if target buffer list is still legacy on recycle 2026-03-19 16:08:42 +01:00
ipc ipc: don't audit capability check in ipc_permissions() 2026-02-26 14:59:19 -08:00
kernel kprobes: Remove unneeded warnings from __arm_kprobe_ftrace() 2026-03-19 16:08:44 +01:00
lib lib/bootconfig: check bounds before writing in __xbc_open_brace() 2026-03-19 16:08:45 +01:00
LICENSES LICENSES: Replace the obsolete address of the FSF in the GFDL-1.2 2025-07-24 11:15:39 +02:00
mm memcg: fix slab accounting in refill_obj_stock() trylock path 2026-03-19 16:08:39 +01:00
net net-shapers: don't free reply skb after genlmsg_reply() 2026-03-19 16:08:42 +01:00
rust rust: str: make NullTerminatedFormatter public 2026-03-19 16:08:24 +01:00
samples samples/ftrace: Adjust LoongArch register restore order in direct calls 2026-01-08 10:17:11 +01:00
scripts kbuild: rpm-pkg: Disable automatic requires for manual debuginfo package 2026-03-04 07:21:32 -05:00
security apparmor: fix race between freeing data and fs accessing it 2026-03-13 17:23:30 +01:00
sound ALSA: usb-audio: Improve Focusrite sample rate filtering 2026-03-19 16:08:31 +01:00
tools selftests: fix mntns iteration selftests 2026-03-19 16:08:36 +01:00
usr gen_init_cpio: Ignore fsync() returning EINVAL on pipes 2025-10-07 09:53:05 -07:00
virt KVM: Don't clobber irqfd routing type when deassigning irqfd 2026-02-11 13:41:44 +01:00
.clang-format memblock: drop for_each_free_mem_pfn_range_in_zone_from() 2025-09-14 08:49:03 +03:00
.clippy.toml rust: clean Rust 1.88.0's warning about clippy::disallowed_macros configuration 2025-05-07 00:11:47 +02:00
.cocciconfig scripts: add Linux .cocciconfig for coccinelle 2016-07-22 12:13:39 +02:00
.editorconfig .editorconfig: remove trim_trailing_whitespace option 2024-06-13 16:47:52 +02:00
.get_maintainer.ignore MAINTAINERS: remove Alyssa Rosenzweig 2025-09-18 21:17:31 +02:00
.gitattributes .gitattributes: set diff driver for Rust source code files 2023-05-31 17:48:25 +02:00
.gitignore .gitignore: ignore compile_commands.json globally 2025-08-12 15:53:55 -07:00
.mailmap 8 hotfixes. 4 are cc:stable, 7 are against mm/. 2025-11-26 12:38:05 -08:00
.pylintrc tools: docs: parse-headers.py: move it from sphinx dir 2025-08-29 15:54:42 -06:00
.rustfmt.toml rust: add .rustfmt.toml 2022-09-28 09:02:20 +02:00
COPYING COPYING: state that all contributions really are covered by this file 2020-02-10 13:32:20 -08:00
CREDITS MAINTAINERS: mark ISDN subsystem as orphan 2025-10-27 17:49:45 -07:00
Kbuild sched: Make migrate_{en,dis}able() inline 2025-09-25 09:57:16 +02:00
Kconfig io_uring: Rename KConfig to Kconfig 2025-02-19 14:53:27 -07:00
MAINTAINERS soc: fixes for 6.18, part 4 2025-11-28 09:57:31 -08:00
Makefile rust: kbuild: allow unused_features 2026-03-19 16:08:24 +01:00
README README: Fix spelling 2024-03-18 03:36:32 -06:00

README 

Linux kernel
============

There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.

In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``.  The formatted documentation can also be read online at:

    https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/

There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the reStructuredText markup notation.

Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.