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Ilpo Järvinen d5de3e34dc PCI: Rewrite bridge window head alignment function 
[ Upstream commit bc75c8e507 ]

The calculation of bridge window head alignment is done by
calculate_mem_align() [*]. With the default bridge window alignment, it
is used for both head and tail alignment.

The selected head alignment does not always result in tight-fitting
resources (gap at d4f00000-d4ffffff):

  d4800000-dbffffff : PCI Bus 0000:06
    d4800000-d48fffff : PCI Bus 0000:07
      d4800000-d4803fff : 0000:07:00.0
        d4800000-d4803fff : nvme
    d4900000-d49fffff : PCI Bus 0000:0a
      d4900000-d490ffff : 0000:0a:00.0
        d4900000-d490ffff : r8169
      d4910000-d4913fff : 0000:0a:00.0
    d4a00000-d4cfffff : PCI Bus 0000:0b
      d4a00000-d4bfffff : 0000:0b:00.0
        d4a00000-d4bfffff : 0000:0b:00.0
      d4c00000-d4c07fff : 0000:0b:00.0
    d4d00000-d4dfffff : PCI Bus 0000:15
      d4d00000-d4d07fff : 0000:15:00.0
        d4d00000-d4d07fff : xhci-hcd
    d4e00000-d4efffff : PCI Bus 0000:16
      d4e00000-d4e7ffff : 0000:16:00.0
      d4e80000-d4e803ff : 0000:16:00.0
        d4e80000-d4e803ff : ahci
    d5000000-dbffffff : PCI Bus 0000:0c

This has not caused problems (for years) with the default bridge window
tail alignment that grossly over-estimates the required tail alignment
leaving more tail room than necessary. With the introduction of relaxed
tail alignment that leaves no extra tail room whatsoever, any gaps will
immediately turn into assignment failures.

Introduce head alignment calculation that ensures no gaps are left and
apply the new approach when using relaxed alignment. We may want to
consider using it for the normal alignment eventually, but as the first
step, solve only the problem with the relaxed tail alignment.

([*] I don't understand the algorithm in calculate_mem_align().)

Link: https://git.kernel.org/history/history/c/5d0a8965aea9 ("[PATCH] 2.5.14: New PCI allocation code (alpha, arm, parisc) [2/2]")
Closes: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=220775
Reported-by: Malte Schröder <malte+lkml@tnxip.de>
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Tested-by: Malte Schröder <malte+lkml@tnxip.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251219174036.16738-3-ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com
Stable-dep-of: f909e3ee3e ("PCI: Remove old_size limit from bridge window sizing")
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
History 2026-02-26 14:59:19 -08:00
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README 

Linux kernel
============

There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
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In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
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There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
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Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
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