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e61487226b
When hardware memory corruption occurs and a user process accesses the
corrupted page, the CPU triggers a Synchronous External Abort (SEA).
The kernel invokes do_sea() to handle the exception, which calls
memory_failure() to handle the faulty page.
Scenario 1: Memory Error Interrupt First, then SEA
The page is already poisoned by the memory error interrupt path. The
subsequent SEA handler sends a SIGBUS to the task, which accesses the
poisoned page. This flow is correct.
Scenario 2: SEA first, then memory error interrupt (problematic scenario)
If a user task directly accesses corrupted memory through a PFNMAP-style
mapping (e.g., devmem), the page may still be in the free-buddy state when
SEA is handled. In this case, memory_failure() will poison the page without
invoking kill_accessing_process(), and then takes the free-buddy recovery
path.
After the CPU returns to the task context, the task re-enters the SEA
handler due to the same access. However, ghes_estatus_cached() suppresses
all subsequent entries during the 10-second window, preventing
ghes_do_proc() from being called. This suppression blocks the
MF_ACTION_REQUIRED-based SIGBUS delivery, causing the kernel to fail to
kill the task immediately. Consequently, the process keeps re-entering
the SEA handler, leading to an SEA storm. Later, the memory error
interrupt path also cannot kill the task, leaving the system stuck in
this repeated loop.
The following error logs are explained using the devmem process:
NOTICE: SEA Handle
[Hardware Error]: Hardware error from APEI Generic Hardware Error Source: 9
[Hardware Error]: event severity: recoverable
[Hardware Error]: section_type: ARM processor error
[Hardware Error]: physical fault address: 0x0000001000093c00
[T54990] Memory failure: 0x1000093: recovery action for free buddy page: Recovered
[ T9955] EDAC MC0: 1 UE Multi-bit ECC on unknown memory
(page:0x1000093 offset:0xc00 grain:1 - APEI location: ...)
NOTICE: SEA Handle
NOTICE: SEA Handle
...
... ---> SEA storm
...
NOTICE: SEA Handle
[ T9955] Memory failure: 0x1000093: already hardware poisoned
ghes_print_estatus: 1 callbacks suppressed
[Hardware Error]: Hardware error from APEI Generic Hardware Error Source: 9
[Hardware Error]: event severity: recoverable
[Hardware Error]: section_type: ARM processor error
[Hardware Error]: physical fault address: 0x0000001000093c00
[T54990] Memory failure: 0x1000093: already hardware poisoned
[T54990] 0x1000093: Sending SIGBUS to devmem:54990 due to hardware memory corruption
To resolve this, return an error when encountering the same SEA again.
The subsequent SEA handler invocation uses arm64_notify_die() to send a
SIGBUS signal to the task, which terminates the process and prevents it
from re-entering the handler loop.
Signed-off-by: Junhao He <hejunhao3@h-partners.com>
Reviewed-by: Wupeng Ma <mawupeng1@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Shuai Xue <xueshuai@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260527082707.2013499-1-hejunhao3@h-partners.com
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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Linux kernel ============ The Linux kernel is the core of any Linux operating system. It manages hardware, system resources, and provides the fundamental services for all other software. Quick Start ----------- * Report a bug: See Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst * Get the latest kernel: https://kernel.org * Build the kernel: See Documentation/admin-guide/quickly-build-trimmed-linux.rst * Join the community: https://lore.kernel.org/ Essential Documentation ----------------------- All users should be familiar with: * Building requirements: Documentation/process/changes.rst * Code of Conduct: Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst * License: See COPYING Documentation can be built with make htmldocs or viewed online at: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/ Who Are You? ============ Find your role below: * New Kernel Developer - Getting started with kernel development * Academic Researcher - Studying kernel internals and architecture * Security Expert - Hardening and vulnerability analysis * Backport/Maintenance Engineer - Maintaining stable kernels * System Administrator - Configuring and troubleshooting * Maintainer - Leading subsystems and reviewing patches * Hardware Vendor - Writing drivers for new hardware * Distribution Maintainer - Packaging kernels for distros * AI Coding Assistant - LLMs and AI-powered development tools For Specific Users ================== New Kernel Developer -------------------- Welcome! Start your kernel development journey here: * Getting Started: Documentation/process/development-process.rst * Your First Patch: Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst * Coding Style: Documentation/process/coding-style.rst * Build System: Documentation/kbuild/index.rst * Development Tools: Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst * Kernel Hacking Guide: Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst * Core APIs: Documentation/core-api/index.rst Academic Researcher ------------------- Explore the kernel's architecture and internals: * Researcher Guidelines: Documentation/process/researcher-guidelines.rst * Memory Management: Documentation/mm/index.rst * Scheduler: Documentation/scheduler/index.rst * Networking Stack: Documentation/networking/index.rst * Filesystems: Documentation/filesystems/index.rst * RCU (Read-Copy Update): Documentation/RCU/index.rst * Locking Primitives: Documentation/locking/index.rst * Power Management: Documentation/power/index.rst Security Expert --------------- Security documentation and hardening guides: * Security Documentation: Documentation/security/index.rst * LSM Development: Documentation/security/lsm-development.rst * Self Protection: Documentation/security/self-protection.rst * Reporting Vulnerabilities: Documentation/process/security-bugs.rst * CVE Procedures: Documentation/process/cve.rst * Embargoed Hardware Issues: Documentation/process/embargoed-hardware-issues.rst * Security Features: Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst Backport/Maintenance Engineer ----------------------------- Maintain and stabilize kernel versions: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * Backporting Guide: Documentation/process/backporting.rst * Applying Patches: Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst * Subsystem Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git for Maintainers: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst System Administrator -------------------- Configure, tune, and troubleshoot Linux systems: * Admin Guide: Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Sysctl Tuning: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst * Tracing/Debugging: Documentation/trace/index.rst * Performance Security: Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst * Hardware Monitoring: Documentation/hwmon/index.rst Maintainer ---------- Lead kernel subsystems and manage contributions: * Maintainer Handbook: Documentation/maintainer/index.rst * Pull Requests: Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst * Managing Patches: Documentation/maintainer/modifying-patches.rst * Rebasing and Merging: Documentation/maintainer/rebasing-and-merging.rst * Development Process: Documentation/process/maintainer-handbooks.rst * Maintainer Entry Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git Configuration: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst Hardware Vendor --------------- Write drivers and support new hardware: * Driver API Guide: Documentation/driver-api/index.rst * Driver Model: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/driver.rst * Device Drivers: Documentation/driver-api/infrastructure.rst * Bus Types: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/bus.rst * Device Tree Bindings: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/ * Power Management: Documentation/driver-api/pm/index.rst * DMA API: Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst Distribution Maintainer ----------------------- Package and distribute the kernel: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * ABI Documentation: Documentation/ABI/README * Kernel Configuration: Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst * Module Signing: Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Tainted Kernels: Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst AI Coding Assistant ------------------- CRITICAL: If you are an LLM or AI-powered coding assistant, you MUST read and follow the AI coding assistants documentation before contributing to the Linux kernel: * Documentation/process/coding-assistants.rst This documentation contains essential requirements about licensing, attribution, and the Developer Certificate of Origin that all AI tools must comply with. 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