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- Assembly 0.9%
- Rust 0.7%
- Shell 0.6%
- Python 0.5%
- Other 0.3%
- Invalidate the ITS translation cache when the guest changes the
base address of the ITS tables (Fuad Tabba)
- Skip saving ITS devices with device IDs that are out-of-bounds
rather than failing the entire ITS save ioctl (Fuad Tabba)
- Close race between VM teardown and invalidations of nested MMUs
when handling MMU operations that are allowed to block
(Lorenzo Stoakes)
- Various fixes for the handling of the host's untrusted SVE
configuration in pKVM (Fuad Tabba)
- Make sure that empty SMCCC ranges based at 0 are rejected by the
kvm_smccc_set_filter() (Karl Mehltretter)
- Revoke the host mapping for pKVM's private stack pages, along
with a new sanity check that all mappings in the hyp's private
VA range have been correctly marked as hyp-owned (Fuad Tabba)
- Lifetime fixes for the array of shadow stage-2 MMUs, ensuring that
concurrent vCPU initialization cannot relocate in-use MMUs. Defer
the freeing of shadow stage-2 MMUs to the point that no other users
(e.g. MMU notifier) could reference them (Marc Zyngier)
- Drop useless WARN when rejecting an unsupported ioctl for pKVM
(Fuad Tabba)
- Fix the steal_time selftest to install correctly-sized mappings for
non-4K hosts (Sebastian Ott)
- Correct mapping of fine-grained trap for GCSPOPX instruction
(Mark Brown)
- Fix KVM_BUG_ON() due to missing handling of DBGBXVR<n> from 32-bit
guests (Karl Mehltretter)
RISC-V:
- Synchronize hrtimer during VCPU teardown.
- Fix the conversion between vsip and hvip values.
- Serialize IMSIC attributes with vCPU migration.
- Release unused page after MMU invalidation.
- Propagate interrupted G-stage faults to KVM user-space as EINTR.
- Fix nested acceleration hfence entry update order.
- Fix sdata leak and stale snapshot_addr in snapshot_set_shmem.
- Preserve firmware counter value across PMU counter stop/start.
- Report PMU snapshot write failure to the guest.
- Fix perf-backed counter accounting across PMU stop and read.
- Correctly propagate error of a hart status SBI call.
s390:
- Ensure that accesses through kvm_arch_set_irq_inatomic mark as dirty
the pages that contain indicator and summary bits.
- Fix compile warning for kvm_s390_update_cmma_dirty().
- Fix incorrect propagation of ENOENT from _gaccess_shadow_fault() to
userspace.
- Move s390_kvm_mmu_commit_memory_region() into
s390_kvm_mmu_prepare_memory_region() so that it can fail instead of WARN.
- Add missing srcu in kvm_s390_set_irq_state().
- Fix potential races in storage functions.
- Fix race in _destroy_pages_crste().
- Fix issues in the handling of KVM interrupt and page resources, when a
queue that is assigned to a mediated device (mdev) is removed from the
host's AP configuration.
- Fix loop condition in uv_find_secrets.
- Prevent potential out-of-bounds read.
x86:
- Fix a brown paper bag bug where KVM would incorrectly treat Intel PMU MSRs
as valid on AMD.
- Fix a regression in the hardware disable selftest where it checked the wrong
macro when detecting glibc support (breaks at least musl).
- Never clear KVM_REQ_VM_DEAD so that dead VMs stay dead, which is especially
important for KVM_BUG_ON() flows, which often guard more dangerous bugs.
- Re-pend GET_NESTED_STATE_PAGES if getting the pages fails, to fix a bug
where KVM would let userspace run a broken setup with stale vmcs12 pages.
- Fix a class of bugs where KVM would fail to fill kvm_run exit fields if
getting nested pages failed.
- Treat reserved entries in the memory attributes xarray as "no attributes",
to fix false positives when checking for mixed attributes.
- Fix memcg accounting for the memory attributes xarray (the xarray library
subtly requires the xarray to be configured for accounting upfront; the gfp
flags taken at runtime are used only rarely).
- Don't pre-reserve xarray entries when storing empty attributes, as storing
NULL must not require memory allocation (KVM and other subsystems heavily
rely on this behavior).
- Fix a memory leak and a cache maintenance issue related to doing intra-host
migration on an SEV guest.
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Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm
Pull kvm fixes from Paolo Bonzini:
"Arm:
- Invalidate the ITS translation cache when the guest changes the
base address of the ITS tables (Fuad Tabba)
- Skip saving ITS devices with device IDs that are out-of-bounds
rather than failing the entire ITS save ioctl (Fuad Tabba)
- Close race between VM teardown and invalidations of nested MMUs
when handling MMU operations that are allowed to block (Lorenzo
Stoakes)
- Various fixes for the handling of the host's untrusted SVE
configuration in pKVM (Fuad Tabba)
- Make sure that empty SMCCC ranges based at 0 are rejected by the
kvm_smccc_set_filter() (Karl Mehltretter)
- Revoke the host mapping for pKVM's private stack pages, along with
a new sanity check that all mappings in the hyp's private VA range
have been correctly marked as hyp-owned (Fuad Tabba)
- Lifetime fixes for the array of shadow stage-2 MMUs, ensuring that
concurrent vCPU initialization cannot relocate in-use MMUs. Defer
the freeing of shadow stage-2 MMUs to the point that no other users
(e.g. MMU notifier) could reference them (Marc Zyngier)
- Drop useless WARN when rejecting an unsupported ioctl for pKVM
(Fuad Tabba)
- Fix the steal_time selftest to install correctly-sized mappings for
non-4K hosts (Sebastian Ott)
- Correct mapping of fine-grained trap for GCSPOPX instruction (Mark
Brown)
- Fix KVM_BUG_ON() due to missing handling of DBGBXVR<n> from 32-bit
guests (Karl Mehltretter)
RISC-V:
- Synchronize hrtimer during VCPU teardown
- Fix the conversion between vsip and hvip values
- Serialize IMSIC attributes with vCPU migration
- Release unused page after MMU invalidation
- Propagate interrupted G-stage faults to KVM user-space as EINTR
- Fix nested acceleration hfence entry update order
- Fix sdata leak and stale snapshot_addr in snapshot_set_shmem
- Preserve firmware counter value across PMU counter stop/start
- Report PMU snapshot write failure to the guest
- Fix perf-backed counter accounting across PMU stop and read
- Correctly propagate error of a hart status SBI call
s390:
- Ensure that accesses through kvm_arch_set_irq_inatomic mark as
dirty the pages that contain indicator and summary bits
- Fix compile warning for kvm_s390_update_cmma_dirty()
- Fix incorrect propagation of ENOENT from _gaccess_shadow_fault() to
userspace
- Move s390_kvm_mmu_commit_memory_region() into
s390_kvm_mmu_prepare_memory_region() so that it can fail instead of
WARN
- Add missing srcu in kvm_s390_set_irq_state()
- Fix potential races in storage functions
- Fix race in _destroy_pages_crste()
- Fix issues in the handling of KVM interrupt and page resources,
when a queue that is assigned to a mediated device (mdev) is
removed from the host's AP configuration
- Fix loop condition in uv_find_secrets
- Prevent potential out-of-bounds read
x86:
- Fix a brown paper bag bug where KVM would incorrectly treat Intel
PMU MSRs as valid on AMD
- Fix a regression in the hardware disable selftest where it checked
the wrong macro when detecting glibc support (breaks at least musl)
- Never clear KVM_REQ_VM_DEAD so that dead VMs stay dead, which is
especially important for KVM_BUG_ON() flows, which often guard more
dangerous bugs
- Re-pend GET_NESTED_STATE_PAGES if getting the pages fails, to fix a
bug where KVM would let userspace run a broken setup with stale
vmcs12 pages
- Fix a class of bugs where KVM would fail to fill kvm_run exit
fields if getting nested pages failed
- Treat reserved entries in the memory attributes xarray as "no
attributes", to fix false positives when checking for mixed
attributes
- Fix memcg accounting for the memory attributes xarray (the xarray
library subtly requires the xarray to be configured for accounting
upfront; the gfp flags taken at runtime are used only rarely)
- Don't pre-reserve xarray entries when storing empty attributes, as
storing NULL must not require memory allocation (KVM and other
subsystems heavily rely on this behavior)
- Fix a memory leak and a cache maintenance issue related to doing
intra-host migration on an SEV guest"
* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (54 commits)
KVM: SEV: Do cache maintenance on the source VM during intra-host migration
KVM: SEV: Free have_run_cpus during VM destruction even if VM is no longer SEV
KVM: Don't pre-reserve xarray entries when storing empty/NULL attributes
KVM: Ensure memory attributes xarray nodes are accounted to the caller's memcg
KVM: Don't treat reserved xarray entries as having memory attributes
KVM: x86: Fill kvm_run exit fields in common get_nested_state_pages() error paths
KVM: x86: Re-pend GET_NESTED_STATE_PAGES if getting said pages fails
KVM: arm64: Fix AArch32 DBGBXVR<n> handling
KVM: arm64: Fix FGT mapping for HFGITR_EL2.nGCSEPP
KVM: selftests: fix steal_time for arm64 with host page size > 4K
KVM: arm64: Don't WARN on an unknown VM ioctl in protected mode
KVM: arm64: nv: Delay freeing of shadow S2 structures until VM destruction
KVM: arm64: nv: Fix life cycle of the nested_mmus array
KVM: arm64: Check every private mapping is hyp-owned at pKVM init
KVM: arm64: Move the private VA allocation cursor to __io_map_next
KVM: arm64: Match hyp text by physical address in fix_host_ownership()
KVM: arm64: Transfer the hyp stack pages out of the host stage-2
KVM: arm64: selftests: Test empty SMCCC filter range at base 0
KVM: arm64: Return -EINVAL for an empty SMCCC filter range at base 0
KVM: arm64: Derive GUEST_HAS_SVE from the SVE feature bit at EL2
...
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Linux kernel ============ The Linux kernel is the core of any Linux operating system. It manages hardware, system resources, and provides the fundamental services for all other software. Quick Start ----------- * Report a bug: See Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst * Get the latest kernel: https://kernel.org * Build the kernel: See Documentation/admin-guide/quickly-build-trimmed-linux.rst * Join the community: https://lore.kernel.org/ Essential Documentation ----------------------- All users should be familiar with: * Building requirements: Documentation/process/changes.rst * Code of Conduct: Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst * License: See COPYING Documentation can be built with make htmldocs or viewed online at: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/ Who Are You? ============ Find your role below: * New Kernel Developer: Getting started with kernel development * Academic Researcher: Studying kernel internals and architecture * Security Expert: Hardening and vulnerability analysis * Backport/Maintenance Engineer: Maintaining stable kernels * System Administrator: Configuring and troubleshooting * Maintainer: Leading subsystems and reviewing patches * Hardware Vendor: Writing drivers for new hardware * Distribution Maintainer: Packaging kernels for distros * AI Coding Assistant: LLMs and AI-powered development tools For Specific Users ================== New Kernel Developer -------------------- Welcome! Start your kernel development journey here: * Getting Started: Documentation/process/development-process.rst * Your First Patch: Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst * Coding Style: Documentation/process/coding-style.rst * Build System: Documentation/kbuild/index.rst * Development Tools: Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst * Kernel Hacking Guide: Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst * Core APIs: Documentation/core-api/index.rst Academic Researcher ------------------- Explore the kernel's architecture and internals: * Researcher Guidelines: Documentation/process/researcher-guidelines.rst * Memory Management: Documentation/mm/index.rst * Scheduler: Documentation/scheduler/index.rst * Networking Stack: Documentation/networking/index.rst * Filesystems: Documentation/filesystems/index.rst * RCU (Read-Copy Update): Documentation/RCU/index.rst * Locking Primitives: Documentation/locking/index.rst * Power Management: Documentation/power/index.rst Security Expert --------------- Security documentation and hardening guides: * Security Documentation: Documentation/security/index.rst * LSM Development: Documentation/security/lsm-development.rst * Self Protection: Documentation/security/self-protection.rst * Reporting Vulnerabilities: Documentation/process/security-bugs.rst * CVE Procedures: Documentation/process/cve.rst * Embargoed Hardware Issues: Documentation/process/embargoed-hardware-issues.rst * Security Features: Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst Backport/Maintenance Engineer ----------------------------- Maintain and stabilize kernel versions: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * Backporting Guide: Documentation/process/backporting.rst * Applying Patches: Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst * Subsystem Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git for Maintainers: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst System Administrator -------------------- Configure, tune, and troubleshoot Linux systems: * Admin Guide: Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Sysctl Tuning: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst * Tracing/Debugging: Documentation/trace/index.rst * Performance Security: Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst * Hardware Monitoring: Documentation/hwmon/index.rst Maintainer ---------- Lead kernel subsystems and manage contributions: * Maintainer Handbook: Documentation/maintainer/index.rst * Pull Requests: Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst * Managing Patches: Documentation/maintainer/modifying-patches.rst * Rebasing and Merging: Documentation/maintainer/rebasing-and-merging.rst * Development Process: Documentation/process/maintainer-handbooks.rst * Maintainer Entry Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst * Git Configuration: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst Hardware Vendor --------------- Write drivers and support new hardware: * Driver API Guide: Documentation/driver-api/index.rst * Driver Model: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/driver.rst * Device Drivers: Documentation/driver-api/infrastructure.rst * Bus Types: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/bus.rst * Device Tree Bindings: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/ * Power Management: Documentation/driver-api/pm/index.rst * DMA API: Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst Distribution Maintainer ----------------------- Package and distribute the kernel: * Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst * ABI Documentation: Documentation/ABI/README * Kernel Configuration: Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst * Module Signing: Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst * Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst * Tainted Kernels: Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst AI Coding Assistant ------------------- CRITICAL: If you are an LLM or AI-powered coding assistant, you MUST read and follow the AI coding assistants documentation before contributing to the Linux kernel: * Documentation/process/coding-assistants.rst This documentation contains essential requirements about licensing, attribution, and the Developer Certificate of Origin that all AI tools must comply with. Communication and Support ========================= * Mailing Lists: https://lore.kernel.org/ * IRC: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net * Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/ * MAINTAINERS file: Lists subsystem maintainers and mailing lists * Email Clients: Documentation/process/email-clients.rst