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Linus Torvalds eff8d2791c Arm:
- Invalidate the ITS translation cache when the guest changes the
   base address of the ITS tables (Fuad Tabba)
 
 - Skip saving ITS devices with device IDs that are out-of-bounds
   rather than failing the entire ITS save ioctl (Fuad Tabba)
 
 - Close race between VM teardown and invalidations of nested MMUs
   when handling MMU operations that are allowed to block
   (Lorenzo Stoakes)
 
 - Various fixes for the handling of the host's untrusted SVE
   configuration in pKVM (Fuad Tabba)
 
 - Make sure that empty SMCCC ranges based at 0 are rejected by the
   kvm_smccc_set_filter() (Karl Mehltretter)
 
 - Revoke the host mapping for pKVM's private stack pages, along
   with a new sanity check that all mappings in the hyp's private
   VA range have been correctly marked as hyp-owned (Fuad Tabba)
 
 - Lifetime fixes for the array of shadow stage-2 MMUs, ensuring that
   concurrent vCPU initialization cannot relocate in-use MMUs. Defer
   the freeing of shadow stage-2 MMUs to the point that no other users
   (e.g. MMU notifier) could reference them (Marc Zyngier)
 
 - Drop useless WARN when rejecting an unsupported ioctl for pKVM
   (Fuad Tabba)
 
 - Fix the steal_time selftest to install correctly-sized mappings for
   non-4K hosts (Sebastian Ott)
 
 - Correct mapping of fine-grained trap for GCSPOPX instruction
   (Mark Brown)
 
 - Fix KVM_BUG_ON() due to missing handling of DBGBXVR<n> from 32-bit
   guests (Karl Mehltretter)
 
 RISC-V:
 
 - Synchronize hrtimer during VCPU teardown.
 
 - Fix the conversion between vsip and hvip values.
 
 - Serialize IMSIC attributes with vCPU migration.
 
 - Release unused page after MMU invalidation.
 
 - Propagate interrupted G-stage faults to KVM user-space as EINTR.
 
 - Fix nested acceleration hfence entry update order.
 
 - Fix sdata leak and stale snapshot_addr in snapshot_set_shmem.
 
 - Preserve firmware counter value across PMU counter stop/start.
 
 - Report PMU snapshot write failure to the guest.
 
 - Fix perf-backed counter accounting across PMU stop and read.
 
 - Correctly propagate error of a hart status SBI call.
 
 s390:
 
 - Ensure that accesses through kvm_arch_set_irq_inatomic mark as dirty
   the pages that contain indicator and summary bits.
 
 - Fix compile warning for kvm_s390_update_cmma_dirty().
 
 - Fix incorrect propagation of ENOENT from _gaccess_shadow_fault() to
   userspace.
 
 - Move s390_kvm_mmu_commit_memory_region() into
   s390_kvm_mmu_prepare_memory_region() so that it can fail instead of WARN.
 
 - Add missing srcu in kvm_s390_set_irq_state().
 
 - Fix potential races in storage functions.
 
 - Fix race in _destroy_pages_crste().
 
 - Fix issues in the handling of KVM interrupt and page resources, when a
   queue that is assigned to a mediated device (mdev) is removed from the
   host's AP configuration.
 
 - Fix loop condition in uv_find_secrets.
 
 - Prevent potential out-of-bounds read.
 
 x86:
 
 - Fix a brown paper bag bug where KVM would incorrectly treat Intel PMU MSRs
   as valid on AMD.
 
 - Fix a regression in the hardware disable selftest where it checked the wrong
   macro when detecting glibc support (breaks at least musl).
 
 - Never clear KVM_REQ_VM_DEAD so that dead VMs stay dead, which is especially
   important for KVM_BUG_ON() flows, which often guard more dangerous bugs.
 
 - Re-pend GET_NESTED_STATE_PAGES if getting the pages fails, to fix a bug
   where KVM would let userspace run a broken setup with stale vmcs12 pages.
 
 - Fix a class of bugs where KVM would fail to fill kvm_run exit fields if
   getting nested pages failed.
 
 - Treat reserved entries in the memory attributes xarray as "no attributes",
   to fix false positives when checking for mixed attributes.
 
 - Fix memcg accounting for the memory attributes xarray (the xarray library
   subtly requires the xarray to be configured for accounting upfront; the gfp
   flags taken at runtime are used only rarely).
 
 - Don't pre-reserve xarray entries when storing empty attributes, as storing
   NULL must not require memory allocation (KVM and other subsystems heavily
   rely on this behavior).
 
 - Fix a memory leak and a cache maintenance issue related to doing intra-host
   migration on an SEV guest.
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Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm

Pull kvm fixes from Paolo Bonzini:
 "Arm:

   - Invalidate the ITS translation cache when the guest changes the
     base address of the ITS tables (Fuad Tabba)

   - Skip saving ITS devices with device IDs that are out-of-bounds
     rather than failing the entire ITS save ioctl (Fuad Tabba)

   - Close race between VM teardown and invalidations of nested MMUs
     when handling MMU operations that are allowed to block (Lorenzo
     Stoakes)

   - Various fixes for the handling of the host's untrusted SVE
     configuration in pKVM (Fuad Tabba)

   - Make sure that empty SMCCC ranges based at 0 are rejected by the
     kvm_smccc_set_filter() (Karl Mehltretter)

   - Revoke the host mapping for pKVM's private stack pages, along with
     a new sanity check that all mappings in the hyp's private VA range
     have been correctly marked as hyp-owned (Fuad Tabba)

   - Lifetime fixes for the array of shadow stage-2 MMUs, ensuring that
     concurrent vCPU initialization cannot relocate in-use MMUs. Defer
     the freeing of shadow stage-2 MMUs to the point that no other users
     (e.g. MMU notifier) could reference them (Marc Zyngier)

   - Drop useless WARN when rejecting an unsupported ioctl for pKVM
     (Fuad Tabba)

   - Fix the steal_time selftest to install correctly-sized mappings for
     non-4K hosts (Sebastian Ott)

   - Correct mapping of fine-grained trap for GCSPOPX instruction (Mark
     Brown)

   - Fix KVM_BUG_ON() due to missing handling of DBGBXVR<n> from 32-bit
     guests (Karl Mehltretter)

  RISC-V:

   - Synchronize hrtimer during VCPU teardown

   - Fix the conversion between vsip and hvip values

   - Serialize IMSIC attributes with vCPU migration

   - Release unused page after MMU invalidation

   - Propagate interrupted G-stage faults to KVM user-space as EINTR

   - Fix nested acceleration hfence entry update order

   - Fix sdata leak and stale snapshot_addr in snapshot_set_shmem

   - Preserve firmware counter value across PMU counter stop/start

   - Report PMU snapshot write failure to the guest

   - Fix perf-backed counter accounting across PMU stop and read

   - Correctly propagate error of a hart status SBI call

  s390:

   - Ensure that accesses through kvm_arch_set_irq_inatomic mark as
     dirty the pages that contain indicator and summary bits

   - Fix compile warning for kvm_s390_update_cmma_dirty()

   - Fix incorrect propagation of ENOENT from _gaccess_shadow_fault() to
     userspace

   - Move s390_kvm_mmu_commit_memory_region() into
     s390_kvm_mmu_prepare_memory_region() so that it can fail instead of
     WARN

   - Add missing srcu in kvm_s390_set_irq_state()

   - Fix potential races in storage functions

   - Fix race in _destroy_pages_crste()

   - Fix issues in the handling of KVM interrupt and page resources,
     when a queue that is assigned to a mediated device (mdev) is
     removed from the host's AP configuration

   - Fix loop condition in uv_find_secrets

   - Prevent potential out-of-bounds read

  x86:

   - Fix a brown paper bag bug where KVM would incorrectly treat Intel
     PMU MSRs as valid on AMD

   - Fix a regression in the hardware disable selftest where it checked
     the wrong macro when detecting glibc support (breaks at least musl)

   - Never clear KVM_REQ_VM_DEAD so that dead VMs stay dead, which is
     especially important for KVM_BUG_ON() flows, which often guard more
     dangerous bugs

   - Re-pend GET_NESTED_STATE_PAGES if getting the pages fails, to fix a
     bug where KVM would let userspace run a broken setup with stale
     vmcs12 pages

   - Fix a class of bugs where KVM would fail to fill kvm_run exit
     fields if getting nested pages failed

   - Treat reserved entries in the memory attributes xarray as "no
     attributes", to fix false positives when checking for mixed
     attributes

   - Fix memcg accounting for the memory attributes xarray (the xarray
     library subtly requires the xarray to be configured for accounting
     upfront; the gfp flags taken at runtime are used only rarely)

   - Don't pre-reserve xarray entries when storing empty attributes, as
     storing NULL must not require memory allocation (KVM and other
     subsystems heavily rely on this behavior)

   - Fix a memory leak and a cache maintenance issue related to doing
     intra-host migration on an SEV guest"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (54 commits)
  KVM: SEV: Do cache maintenance on the source VM during intra-host migration
  KVM: SEV: Free have_run_cpus during VM destruction even if VM is no longer SEV
  KVM: Don't pre-reserve xarray entries when storing empty/NULL attributes
  KVM: Ensure memory attributes xarray nodes are accounted to the caller's memcg
  KVM: Don't treat reserved xarray entries as having memory attributes
  KVM: x86: Fill kvm_run exit fields in common get_nested_state_pages() error paths
  KVM: x86: Re-pend GET_NESTED_STATE_PAGES if getting said pages fails
  KVM: arm64: Fix AArch32 DBGBXVR<n> handling
  KVM: arm64: Fix FGT mapping for HFGITR_EL2.nGCSEPP
  KVM: selftests: fix steal_time for arm64 with host page size > 4K
  KVM: arm64: Don't WARN on an unknown VM ioctl in protected mode
  KVM: arm64: nv: Delay freeing of shadow S2 structures until VM destruction
  KVM: arm64: nv: Fix life cycle of the nested_mmus array
  KVM: arm64: Check every private mapping is hyp-owned at pKVM init
  KVM: arm64: Move the private VA allocation cursor to __io_map_next
  KVM: arm64: Match hyp text by physical address in fix_host_ownership()
  KVM: arm64: Transfer the hyp stack pages out of the host stage-2
  KVM: arm64: selftests: Test empty SMCCC filter range at base 0
  KVM: arm64: Return -EINVAL for an empty SMCCC filter range at base 0
  KVM: arm64: Derive GUEST_HAS_SVE from the SVE feature bit at EL2
  ...
History 2026-09-26 08:26:12 -07:00
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README

Linux kernel
============

The Linux kernel is the core of any Linux operating system. It manages hardware,
system resources, and provides the fundamental services for all other software.

Quick Start
-----------

* Report a bug: See Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst
* Get the latest kernel: https://kernel.org
* Build the kernel: See Documentation/admin-guide/quickly-build-trimmed-linux.rst
* Join the community: https://lore.kernel.org/

Essential Documentation
-----------------------

All users should be familiar with:

* Building requirements: Documentation/process/changes.rst
* Code of Conduct: Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst
* License: See COPYING

Documentation can be built with make htmldocs or viewed online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/


Who Are You?
============

Find your role below:

* New Kernel Developer: Getting started with kernel development
* Academic Researcher: Studying kernel internals and architecture
* Security Expert: Hardening and vulnerability analysis
* Backport/Maintenance Engineer: Maintaining stable kernels
* System Administrator: Configuring and troubleshooting
* Maintainer: Leading subsystems and reviewing patches
* Hardware Vendor: Writing drivers for new hardware
* Distribution Maintainer: Packaging kernels for distros
* AI Coding Assistant: LLMs and AI-powered development tools


For Specific Users
==================

New Kernel Developer
--------------------

Welcome! Start your kernel development journey here:

* Getting Started: Documentation/process/development-process.rst
* Your First Patch: Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst
* Coding Style: Documentation/process/coding-style.rst
* Build System: Documentation/kbuild/index.rst
* Development Tools: Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst
* Kernel Hacking Guide: Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
* Core APIs: Documentation/core-api/index.rst

Academic Researcher
-------------------

Explore the kernel's architecture and internals:

* Researcher Guidelines: Documentation/process/researcher-guidelines.rst
* Memory Management: Documentation/mm/index.rst
* Scheduler: Documentation/scheduler/index.rst
* Networking Stack: Documentation/networking/index.rst
* Filesystems: Documentation/filesystems/index.rst
* RCU (Read-Copy Update): Documentation/RCU/index.rst
* Locking Primitives: Documentation/locking/index.rst
* Power Management: Documentation/power/index.rst

Security Expert
---------------

Security documentation and hardening guides:

* Security Documentation: Documentation/security/index.rst
* LSM Development: Documentation/security/lsm-development.rst
* Self Protection: Documentation/security/self-protection.rst
* Reporting Vulnerabilities: Documentation/process/security-bugs.rst
* CVE Procedures: Documentation/process/cve.rst
* Embargoed Hardware Issues: Documentation/process/embargoed-hardware-issues.rst
* Security Features: Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst

Backport/Maintenance Engineer
-----------------------------

Maintain and stabilize kernel versions:

* Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst
* Backporting Guide: Documentation/process/backporting.rst
* Applying Patches: Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst
* Subsystem Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst
* Git for Maintainers: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst

System Administrator
--------------------

Configure, tune, and troubleshoot Linux systems:

* Admin Guide: Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst
* Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst
* Sysctl Tuning: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst
* Tracing/Debugging: Documentation/trace/index.rst
* Performance Security: Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst
* Hardware Monitoring: Documentation/hwmon/index.rst

Maintainer
----------

Lead kernel subsystems and manage contributions:

* Maintainer Handbook: Documentation/maintainer/index.rst
* Pull Requests: Documentation/maintainer/pull-requests.rst
* Managing Patches: Documentation/maintainer/modifying-patches.rst
* Rebasing and Merging: Documentation/maintainer/rebasing-and-merging.rst
* Development Process: Documentation/process/maintainer-handbooks.rst
* Maintainer Entry Profile: Documentation/maintainer/maintainer-entry-profile.rst
* Git Configuration: Documentation/maintainer/configure-git.rst

Hardware Vendor
---------------

Write drivers and support new hardware:

* Driver API Guide: Documentation/driver-api/index.rst
* Driver Model: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/driver.rst
* Device Drivers: Documentation/driver-api/infrastructure.rst
* Bus Types: Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/bus.rst
* Device Tree Bindings: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/
* Power Management: Documentation/driver-api/pm/index.rst
* DMA API: Documentation/core-api/dma-api.rst

Distribution Maintainer
-----------------------

Package and distribute the kernel:

* Stable Kernel Rules: Documentation/process/stable-kernel-rules.rst
* ABI Documentation: Documentation/ABI/README
* Kernel Configuration: Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst
* Module Signing: Documentation/admin-guide/module-signing.rst
* Kernel Parameters: Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst
* Tainted Kernels: Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst

AI Coding Assistant
-------------------

CRITICAL: If you are an LLM or AI-powered coding assistant, you MUST read and
follow the AI coding assistants documentation before contributing to the Linux
kernel:

* Documentation/process/coding-assistants.rst

This documentation contains essential requirements about licensing, attribution,
and the Developer Certificate of Origin that all AI tools must comply with.


Communication and Support
=========================

* Mailing Lists: https://lore.kernel.org/
* IRC: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net
* Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/
* MAINTAINERS file: Lists subsystem maintainers and mailing lists
* Email Clients: Documentation/process/email-clients.rst