linux/drivers/firmware/efi
Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) 6d8ba221e7 x86/efi: defer freeing of boot services memory
commit a4b0bf6a40 upstream.

efi_free_boot_services() frees memory occupied by EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_CODE
and EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA using memblock_free_late().

There are two issue with that: memblock_free_late() should be used for
memory allocated with memblock_alloc() while the memory reserved with
memblock_reserve() should be freed with free_reserved_area().

More acutely, with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT=y
efi_free_boot_services() is called before deferred initialization of the
memory map is complete.

Benjamin Herrenschmidt reports that this causes a leak of ~140MB of
RAM on EC2 t3a.nano instances which only have 512MB or RAM.

If the freed memory resides in the areas that memory map for them is
still uninitialized, they won't be actually freed because
memblock_free_late() calls memblock_free_pages() and the latter skips
uninitialized pages.

Using free_reserved_area() at this point is also problematic because
__free_page() accesses the buddy of the freed page and that again might
end up in uninitialized part of the memory map.

Delaying the entire efi_free_boot_services() could be problematic
because in addition to freeing boot services memory it updates
efi.memmap without any synchronization and that's undesirable late in
boot when there is concurrency.

More robust approach is to only defer freeing of the EFI boot services
memory.

Split efi_free_boot_services() in two. First efi_unmap_boot_services()
collects ranges that should be freed into an array then
efi_free_boot_services() later frees them after deferred init is complete.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/ec2aaef14783869b3be6e3c253b2dcbf67dbc12a.camel@kernel.crashing.org
Fixes: 916f676f8d ("x86, efi: Retain boot service code until after switching to virtual mode")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
History 2026-04-18 10:33:08 +02:00
..
libstub arch: back to -std=gnu89 in < v5.18 2025-12-07 06:09:15 +09:00
test efi/efi_test: read RuntimeServicesSupported 2020-12-09 08:37:27 +01:00
apple-properties.c efi: fix return value of __setup handlers 2022-03-23 09:16:41 +01:00
arm-runtime.c efi: runtime: Fix potential overflow of soft-reserved region size 2024-03-01 13:21:47 +01:00
capsule-loader.c efi/capsule-loader: fix incorrect allocation size 2024-03-06 14:38:48 +00:00
capsule.c efi: capsule: clean scatter-gather entries from the D-cache 2020-12-09 08:37:27 +01:00
cper-arm.c EFI/CPER: don't go past the ARM processor CPER record buffer 2026-03-04 07:19:58 -05:00
cper-x86.c x86/mce, cper: Pass x86 CPER through the MCA handling chain 2020-11-21 12:05:41 +01:00
cper.c EFI/CPER: don't go past the ARM processor CPER record buffer 2026-03-04 07:19:58 -05:00
dev-path-parser.c ACPI: utils: Fix reference counting in for_each_acpi_dev_match() 2021-07-19 16:22:01 +02:00
earlycon.c efi/earlycon: Fix early printk for wider fonts 2020-05-12 12:29:45 +02:00
efi-bgrt.c efi/bgrt: Accept BGRT tables with a version of 0 2020-02-22 23:37:37 +01:00
efi-init.c efi: Don't add memblocks for soft-reserved memory 2024-03-01 13:21:47 +01:00
efi-pstore.c pstore: Don't use semaphores in always-atomic-context code 2022-04-08 14:23:01 +02:00
efi.c efi: Avoid cold plugged memory for placing the kernel 2025-03-13 12:50:40 +01:00
efibc.c efi: efibc: check for efivars write capability 2020-09-15 18:22:47 +03:00
efivars.c efi: efivars: limit availability to X86 builds 2020-09-29 19:40:57 +02:00
embedded-firmware.c crypto: sha - split sha.h into sha1.h and sha2.h 2020-11-20 14:45:33 +11:00
esrt.c efi/esrt: Fix reference count leak in esre_create_sysfs_entry. 2020-06-15 14:38:56 +02:00
fake_mem.c efi: Fix handling of multiple efi_fake_mem= entries 2020-01-20 08:14:29 +01:00
fake_mem.h x86/efi: Add efi_fake_mem support for EFI_MEMORY_SP 2019-11-07 15:44:23 +01:00
fdtparams.c efi: xen: Set EFI_PARAVIRT for Xen dom0 boot on all architectures 2024-07-05 09:14:51 +02:00
Kconfig EFI updates collected by Ard Biesheuvel: 2020-12-24 12:40:07 -08:00
Makefile drivers/firmware: move x86 Generic System Framebuffers support 2021-07-21 12:04:56 +02:00
memattr.c efi: Accept version 2 of memory attributes table 2023-02-09 11:26:41 +01:00
memmap.c efi/x86: Free EFI memory map only when installing a new one. 2024-07-05 09:14:51 +02:00
mokvar-table.c x86/efi: defer freeing of boot services memory 2026-04-18 10:33:08 +02:00
rci2-table.c efi: Don't attempt to map RCI2 config table if it doesn't exist 2019-12-10 12:13:02 +01:00
reboot.c efi: Use EFI ResetSystem only when available 2020-02-23 21:59:42 +01:00
riscv-runtime.c efi: runtime: Fix potential overflow of soft-reserved region size 2024-03-01 13:21:47 +01:00
runtime-map.c efi: Replace GPL license boilerplate with SPDX headers 2019-02-04 08:27:25 +01:00
runtime-wrappers.c efi: fix userspace infinite retry read efivars after EFI runtime services page fault 2023-01-24 07:22:42 +01:00
sysfb_efi.c efi: sysfb_efi: fix W=1 warnings when EFI is not set 2025-03-13 12:50:08 +01:00
tpm.c tpm: fix signed/unsigned bug when checking event logs 2024-12-14 19:50:47 +01:00
vars.c efivarfs: Request at most 512 bytes for variable names 2024-04-10 16:19:30 +02:00
x86_fake_mem.c efi/fake_mem: arrange for a resource entry per efi_fake_mem instance 2020-10-13 18:38:27 -07:00